List_of_heads_of_state_of_Haiti

List of heads of state of Haiti

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This article lists the heads of state of Haiti^[1] since the beginning of the Haitian Revolution in 1791. Full independence of Haiti was declared in 1804.

Between 1806 and 1820 Haiti was divided between the northern State, renamed Kingdom in 1811, and the southern Republic. Between 1822 and 1844 the reunified Republic of Haiti ruled over the entire island of Hispaniola, during the Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo.

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[2] Crowned on 8 October 1804.

[North-3] Rule limited to the northern part of Haiti.

[4] Crowned on 2 June 1811.

[South-5] Rule limited to the southern part of Haiti.

[6] United the northern Kingdom and the southern Republic in 1820.

[7] Deposed on 1 March, accepted on 24 March.

[8] Crowned on 18 April 1852.

[13] A Committee took over the government after Boisrond-Canal's departure. It was composed of senator Darius Denis as president and deputy Demesvar Delorme as vice-president.^[3]^[4]^[5]

[15] Provisional government: Florvil Hyppolite, Richelieu Duperval, Seide Thélémaque, Tirésias Simon Sam and Lysius Salomon.^[6]

[16] Members: Louis-Auguste Boisrond-Canal, Prudent, Grandjean Guillaume, Maximilien Laforest, Michel Oreste and Auguste Bonamy.

[19] Great-Grandson of Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Emperor of Haiti 1804–1806).

[22] Son of Tirésias Simon Sam (President of Haiti 1896–1902). Also the inspiration for Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones.

[23] Members: Charles de Delva, Charles Zamor, Edmond Polynice, Léon Nau, Ermane Robin, Eribert Saint-Vil Nöel and Samson Monpoint.

[U.S._occupation-24] Served under the United States occupation.

[25] Served under the United States occupation until 1934.

[29] Succeeded his father as President for Life.^[11]^[13]

[31] Deposed in the Anti-Duvalier protest movement.^[14]

[32] Deposed in the June 1988 coup d'état.

[33] Deposed in the September 1988 coup d'état.

[34] Deposed in the 1991 coup d'état.

[35] De facto leader of Haiti (29 September 1991 – 12 October 1994).

[36] In exile, but recognized in Haiti.

[37] Served under the United States occupation until 1995.

[38] Deposed in the 2004 coup d'état.

[39] Until November 2009.

[40] Presidential term expired on 14 June 2016.

[44] Assassinated.^[15]^[16]^[17]

[embassy-1] [1]
"Haitian Heads of State". Embassy of Haiti, Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.

[9] [2]
Stieber, Chelsea (18 August 2020). Haiti's Paper War: Post-Independence Writing, Civil War, and the Making of the Republic, 1804–1954. NYU Press. ISBN 978-1-4798-0215-9.

[10] [3]
Rémy Zamor (1992). Histoire d'Haiti de 1804 á 1884 (in French). p. 275.

[11] [4]
Ernst Trouillot (1961). Prospections d'histoire: choses de Saint-Domingue et d'Haïti (in French). p. 91.

[12] [5]
"US Diplomatic Source".

[14] [6]
Alain Turnier (1989). Quand la nation demande des comptes (in French). Editions Le Natal. p. 191.

[17] [7]
"HAITIAN REBELS WIN; SIMON NOW AN EXILE; Six Are Killed in a Riot as President Embarks -- His Daughter Is Hurt". The New York Times. 3 August 1911. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.

[18] [8]
"EXPLOSION KILLS HAITIAN PRESIDENT; Leconte Perishes in Destruction of His Palace -- 400 Others Killed or Injured". The New York Times. 9 August 1912. Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.

[20] [9]
"HAITI'S PRESIDENT FLEES TO WARSHIP; Fighting in Capital -- Our Bluejackets Land -- Battleship Is Rushing to Port au Prince". The New York Times. 28 January 1914. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.

[21] [10]
François Pacquement, Margaux Lombard (2018). L'histoire de l'AFD en Haïti.: A la recherche de la juste distance. Numilog. p. 48. ISBN 9782811119751.

[1971succession-26] [11]
Homer Bigart (23 April 1971). "Duvalier, 64, Dies in Haiti; Son, 19, Is New President". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.

[27] [12]
Albin Krebs (23 April 1971). "Papa Doc, a Ruthless Dictator, Kept the Haitians in Illiteracy and Dire Poverty". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 July 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.

[28] [13]
"At 19, President for Life Jean-Claude Duvalier". The New York Times. 26 April 1971. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2021.

[30] [14]
Joseph B. Treaster (8 February 1986). "DUVALIER FLEES HAITI TO END FAMILY'S 28 YEARS IN POWER: GENERAL LEADS NEW REGIME; 20 REPORTED DEAD". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.

[0:-41] [15]
Beaumont, Peter; Phillips, Tom (7 July 2021). "Haiti president Jovenel Moïse assassinated". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.

[42] [16]
"Haiti President Jovenel Moïse assassinated at home". CNBC. 7 July 2021. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.

[auto1-43] [17]
"Le président Jovenel Moïse assassiné chez lui par un commando armé". Le Nouvelliste. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.

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	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party	Title(s)
	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party	Title(s)
		Toussaint Louverture (1743–1803)	1 January 1791	6 May 1802	11 years, 125 days	Independent	Leader of the Haitian Revolution (1 January 1791 – 6 May 1802) Lieutenant Governor of Saint-Domingue (1797 – 7 July 1801) Governor-General for Life of the entire island of Hispaniola (7 July 1801 – 6 May 1802)
Vacant (6 May 1802–1 January 1804)
		Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1758–1806)	1 January 1804	22 September 1804	265 days	Independent	Governor-General of Haiti

Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Reign			Royal house	Coat of arms
Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Reign start	Reign ended	Duration	Royal house	Coat of arms
	Jacques I (1758–1806)	22 September 1804^{[lower-alpha 1]}	17 October 1806	2 years, 25 days	Dessalines

	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party	Title(s)
	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party	Title(s)
		Henri Christophe (1767–1820)	17 October 1806	28 March 1811	4 years, 162 days	Independent	Provisional Chief of the Haitian Government (17 October 1806 – 17 February 1807) President (17 February 1807 – 28 March 1811)^{[lower-alpha 2]}

Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Reign			Royal house	Coat of arms
Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Reign start	Reign ended	Duration	Royal house	Coat of arms
	Henry I (1767–1820)^{[lower-alpha 2]}	28 March 1811^{[lower-alpha 3]}	8 October 1820	9 years, 194 days	Christophe

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party	Title(s)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party	Title(s)
1		Alexandre Pétion (1770–1818)	17 October 1806	29 March 1818	11 years, 163 days	Independent	President (17 October 1806 – 9 October 1816) President for Life (9 October 1816 – 29 March 1818)^{[lower-alpha 4]}
2		Jean-Pierre Boyer (1776–1850)	30 March 1818	18 October 1820	2 years, 202 days	Independent	President for Life^{[lower-alpha 5]}

List_of_heads_of_state_of_Haiti

List of heads of state of Haiti

Saint-Domingue (1791–1804)

First Empire of Haiti (Monarchy of Jacques I, 1804–1806)

Divided Haiti (1806–1820)

State of Haiti (1806–1811)

Kingdom of Haiti (Monarchy of Henry I, 1811–1820)

Republic of Haiti (1806–1820)

Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)

Second Empire of Haiti (Monarchy of Faustin I, 1849–1859)

Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)

Republic of Haiti during the Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986)

Republic of Haiti (1986–present)

Timeline since 1804

See also

Notes

References

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No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office			Party	Title(s)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party	Title(s)
8		Fabre Geffrard (1806–1878)	—	22 January 1859	13 March 1867	8 years, 50 days	Independent	President
—		Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget (1810–1880)	—	13 March 1867	4 May 1867	52 days	Independent	Provisional President
9		Sylvain Salnave (1827–1870)	—	4 May 1867	27 December 1869	2 years, 237 days	Independent	President
10		Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget (1810–1880)	—	27 December 1869	14 May 1874	4 years, 138 days	Liberal Party	President
—		Council of Secretaries of State	—	14 May 1874	14 June 1874	31 days	Independent	Council of Secretaries of State
11		Michel Domingue (1813–1877)	—	14 June 1874	15 April 1876	1 year, 306 days	National Party^[2]	President
12		Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	—	23 April 1876	17 July 1879	3 years, 85 days	Liberal Party	Provisional President (23 April 1876 – 17 July 1876) President (17 July 1876 – 17 July 1879)
—		Public Order Committee	—	17 July 1879	26 July 1879	9 days	Independent	^{[lower-alpha 8]}
—		Joseph Lamothe (?–1891)	—	26 July 1879	3 October 1879	69 days	Independent	Provisional President
—		Florvil Hyppolite (1828–1896)	—	3 October 1879	26 October 1879	23 days	National Party	Provisional President^{[lower-alpha 9]}
13		Lysius Salomon (1815–1888)	—	26 October 1879	10 August 1888	8 years, 289 days	National Party	President
—		Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	—	10 August 1888	16 October 1888	67 days	Liberal Party	Provisional President
14		François Denys Légitime (1841–1935)	—	16 October 1888	23 August 1889	311 days	Liberal Party	President
—		Monpoint Jeune (1830–1905)	—	23 August 1889	17 October 1889	55 days	Independent	Provisional President
15		Florvil Hyppolite (1828–1896)	—	17 October 1889	24 March 1896	6 years, 159 days	National Party	President
16		Tirésias Simon Sam (1835–1916)	—	31 March 1896	12 May 1902	6 years, 42 days	National Party	President
—		Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	—	26 May 1902	17 December 1902	205 days	Liberal Party	Provisional President
17		Pierre Nord Alexis (1820–1910)	—	21 December 1902	2 December 1908	5 years, 347 days	Military	President
—		Commission for Public Order	—	2 December 1908	6 December 1908	4 days	Independent	^{[lower-alpha 10]}
18		François C. Antoine Simon (1843–1923)	—	6 December 1908	2 August 1911^[7]	2 years, 239 days	Liberal Party	President
19		Cincinnatus Leconte (1854–1912)	—	15 August 1911	8 August 1912^[8]	359 days	National Party	President^{[lower-alpha 11]}
20		Tancrède Auguste (1856–1913)	—	8 August 1912	2 May 1913	267 days	National Party	President
21		Michel Oreste (1859–1918)	—	12 May 1913	27 January 1914^[9]	260 days	Independent	President
—		Edmond Polynice (? – ?)	—	27 January 1914	8 February 1914^[10]	12 days	Military	Provisional President
22		Oreste Zamor (1861–1915)	—	8 February 1914	29 October 1914	263 days	Military	President
—		Edmond Polynice (? – ?)	—	29 October 1914	6 November 1914	8 days	Military	Provisional President
23		Joseph Davilmar Théodore (1847–1917)	—	7 November 1914	22 February 1915	107 days	Military	President
24		Vilbrun Guillaume Sam (1859–1915)	—	25 February 1915	28 July 1915	153 days	Military	President^{[lower-alpha 12]}
—		Revolutionary Committee	—	28 July 1915	11 August 1915	14 days	Independent	^{[lower-alpha 13]}
25		Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave (1863–1926)	—	12 August 1915	15 May 1922	6 years, 276 days	Independent	President^{[lower-alpha 14]}
26		Louis Borno (1865–1942)	—	15 May 1922	15 May 1930	8 years	Independent	President^{[lower-alpha 14]}
27		Louis Eugène Roy (1861–1939)	—	15 May 1930	18 November 1930	187 days	Independent	President^{[lower-alpha 14]}
28		Sténio Vincent (1874–1959)	—	18 November 1930	15 May 1941	10 years, 178 days	Independent	President^{[lower-alpha 15]}
29		Élie Lescot (1883–1974)	—	15 May 1941	11 January 1946	4 years, 241 days	Liberal Party	President
30		Franck Lavaud (1903–1986)	—	11 January 1946	16 August 1946	217 days	Military	Chairman of the Military Executive Committee
31		Dumarsais Estimé (1900–1953)	—	16 August 1946	10 May 1950	3 years, 267 days	Independent	President
(30)		Franck Lavaud (1903–1986)	—	10 May 1950	6 December 1950	210 days	Military	Chairman of the Government Junta
32		Paul Magloire (1907–2001)	1950	6 December 1950	12 December 1956	6 years, 6 days	Peasant Worker Movement	President
—		Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis (1900–1966)	—	12 December 1956	3 February 1957	53 days	Independent	Provisional President
—		Franck Sylvain (1909–1987)	—	7 February 1957	2 April 1957	54 days	Independent	Provisional President
—		Léon Cantave (1910–1967)	—	2 April 1957	6 April 1957	4 days	Military	Acting President
—		Executive Government Council	—	6 April 1957	20 May 1957	44 days	Independent	Executive Government Council
—		Léon Cantave (1910–1967)	—	20 May 1957	25 May 1957	5 days	Military	Acting President
—		Daniel Fignolé (1913–1986)	—	25 May 1957	14 June 1957	20 days	Peasant Worker Movement	Provisional President
33		Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau (1909–1963)	—	14 June 1957	22 October 1957	130 days	Military	Chairman of the Military Council

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office			Party	Title(s)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party	Title(s)
36		Henri Namphy (1932–2018)	—	7 February 1986	7 February 1988	2 years	Military	President of the National Council of Government
37		Leslie Manigat (1930–2014)	1988	7 February 1988	20 June 1988^{[lower-alpha 18]}	134 days	Rally of Progressive National Democrats	President
(36)		Henri Namphy (1932–2018)	—	20 June 1988	17 September 1988^{[lower-alpha 19]}	89 days	Military	President
38		Prosper Avril (born 1937)	—	17 September 1988	10 March 1990	1 year, 236 days	Military	President
—		Hérard Abraham (1940–2022)	—	10 March 1990	13 March 1990	3 days	Military	Acting President
—		Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (born 1943)	—	13 March 1990	7 February 1991	331 days	Independent	Provisional President
39		Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953)	1990–91	7 February 1991	29 September 1991^{[lower-alpha 20]}	234 days	Struggling People's Organization	President
40		Raoul Cédras (born 1949)	—	29 September 1991	8 October 1991	9 days	Military	Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces^{[lower-alpha 21]}
—		Joseph Nérette (1924–2007)	—	8 October 1991	19 June 1992	255 days	Independent	Provisional President
—		Council of Ministers Prime Minister: Marc Bazin (1932–2010)	—	19 June 1992	15 June 1993	361 days	Movement for the Instauration of Democracy in Haiti	Council of Ministers
(39)		Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953)	—	15 June 1993	12 May 1994	331 days	Struggling People's Organization	President^{[lower-alpha 22]}
—		Émile Jonassaint (1913–1995)	—	12 May 1994	12 October 1994	153 days	Independent	Provisional President
(39)		Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953)	—	12 October 1994	7 February 1996	1 year, 118 days	Struggling People's Organization	President^{[lower-alpha 23]}
41		René Préval (1943–2017)	1995	7 February 1996	7 February 2001	5 years	Fanmi Lavalas	President
(39)		Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953)	2000	7 February 2001	29 February 2004^{[lower-alpha 24]}	3 years, 22 days	Fanmi Lavalas	President
—		Boniface Alexandre (1936–2023)	—	29 February 2004	14 May 2006	2 years, 75 days	Independent	Provisional President
(41)		René Préval (1943–2017)	2006	14 May 2006	14 May 2011	5 years	Lespwa^{[lower-alpha 25]}	President
		René Préval (1943–2017)	2006	14 May 2006	14 May 2011	5 years	Inite	President
42		Michel Martelly (born 1961)	2010–11	14 May 2011	7 February 2016	4 years, 269 days	Repons Peyizan	President
—		Council of Ministers Prime Minister: Evans Paul (born 1955)	—	7 February 2016	14 February 2016	7 days	Independent	Council of Ministers
—		Jocelerme Privert (born 1953)	2016 (Feb)^[I]	14 February 2016	7 February 2017	359 days	Inite	Provisional President^{[lower-alpha 26]}
43		Jovenel Moïse (1968–2021)	2016 (Nov)	7 February 2017	7 July 2021†^{[lower-alpha 27]}	4 years, 150 days	Haitian Tèt Kale Party	President
—		Council of Ministers Acting Prime Minister: Claude Joseph	—	7 July 2021	20 July 2021	13 days	Independent	Council of Ministers
—		Council of Ministers Acting Prime Minister: Ariel Henry (born 1949)	—	20 July 2021	Incumbent	2 years, 277 days	Independent	Council of Ministers