List_of_international_trips_made_by_Mikhail_Gorbachev
This is a list of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev as the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union. In this role he was General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1985 until 1991 as well as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989 and President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991.
1985
The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1985:
Country | Areas visited | Date(s) | Details |
---|---|---|---|
France | Paris | 2–5 October[1] | Met with President François Mitterrand.[2] |
Netherlands | The Hague | 2 November | [3] |
Switzerland | Geneva | 19–21 November | See Geneva Summit (1985) |
Bulgaria | Sofia | 8 December | Warsaw Pact summit[4] |
1986
The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1986:
Country | Areas visited | Date(s) | Details |
---|---|---|---|
East Germany | East Berlin | 17–21 April | 11th Congress of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany[5][6] |
Hungary | Budapest | 8-12 June | State visit and Warsaw Pact summit.[7][8][9][10][11] |
Poland | Warsaw | 29 June – 3 July | State visit[12] |
Iceland | Reykjavik | 11–12 October | See Reykjavík Summit[13] |
Austria | Vienna | October | Working visit[14] |
India | New Delhi | 25–28 November | [15][16][17][18][19] |
1987
The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1987:
Country | Cities visited | Date(s) | Details |
---|---|---|---|
Czechoslovakia | Prague Bratislava |
9–12 April | State visit.[20] It was postponed for four days due to Gorbachev having a "cold".[21][22] This also caused him to end his trip a day early so he could get a some rest before meeting with Secretary James Baker of the US the following week.[23] |
France | Paris | May | State visit[24] |
Romania | Bucharest | 25–28 May | [25][26][27][28][29][30] |
United Kingdom | RAF Brize Norton, Oxfordshire | 7 December | En route to Washingotn |
United States | Washington, D.C. | 7–10 December | Signing of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. See Washington Summit (1987).[31] |
1988
The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1988:
Country | Locations visited | Date(s) | Details |
---|---|---|---|
Yugoslavia | Belgrade Dubrovnik[32] Brdo pri Kranju[33] |
14-19 March | State visit.[34][35][36] |
Poland | Warsaw Kraków Szczecin |
11–17 July | State visit[37] and Warsaw Pact summit[38][39][40][41] |
United States | New York City | 11–12 October | Gorbachev left the Warsaw Pact Summit early due to the 1988 Spitak earthquake which struck the Armenian S.S.R. that same day.[42] See Governors Island Summit. |
India | New Delhi | 17–21 November | [43][44] |
1989
The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1989:
1990
The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1990:
Country | Areas visited | Date(s) | Details |
---|---|---|---|
Canada | Ottawa | 29–30 May | He visited on a 36-hour stopover to Washington, in which he was received by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn, with the latter welcoming him with full honors at the airport by the RCMP.[81][82][83][84][85][86] |
United States | Washington Camp David |
30 May – 3 June | Signed the 1990 Chemical Weapons Accord. See Washington Summit |
Finland | Helsinki | 9 September | Discussed the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait with U.S. President George H.W. Bush.[87][88][89] See Helsinki Summit |
France | Paris | 19 November | Signing of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe. |
1991
The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1991:
Country | Areas visited | Date(s) | Details |
---|---|---|---|
Japan | Tokyo | 15–19 April | [90][91][92] |
South Korea | Seoul | 19 April | [93] |
Norway | Oslo | 4–5 June | Nobel Peace Prize acceptance[94] |
Sweden | Stockholm | 6 June | Working visit. met with Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson and Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Mello.[95] |
United Kingdom | London | 17 July | He attended the 17th G7 summit at the invitation of Prime Minister John Major. |
Spain | Madrid | 29–30 October | See Madrid Conference of 1991 |
Country | Areas to be visited | Date(s) | Details |
---|---|---|---|
Mexico | Mexico City | 1987 | [96][97] |
Greece | Athens | 1987 | [98] |
Cuba | Havana | 1988 | [citation needed] |
Norway | Oslo | 10 December 1990 | Was supposed to accept the Nobel Peace Prize[99][100] |
- Medvedev 1986, pp. 237–238; McCauley 1998, p. 142; Taubman 2017, pp. 278–279.
- Binder, David (8 December 1985). "Going Back: Bulgaria, 20 Years Later". The New York Times.
- "Gorbachev visits East Berlin, April 17, 1986". 26 May 2017.
- Markham, James M. (22 April 1986). "East Germany: How Much Leeway?". The New York Times.
- "Television Announces Gorbachev To Visit Hungary". AP NEWS. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- "Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev left for Budapest Sunday to..." UPI. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- Kaufman, Michael T.; Times, Special To the New York (10 June 1986). "Gorbachev Offers an a-Plant Pact". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- Diehl, Jackson (9 June 1986). "Gorbachev and Kadar Meet 4 1/2 Hours, Focus on Economy". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- "AROUND THE WORLD; Gorbachev Said to Plan Trip to Polish Congress". The New York Times. 29 June 1986.
- "The Reykjavik Summit". The Reagan Vision. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
- История России в новейшее время 1985-2009 гг. Учебник. Издательство "Проспект". 23 June 2017. ISBN 9785392011537.
- Kaufman, Michael T. (6 April 1987). "Gorbachev Puts off His Journey to Czechoslovakia". The New York Times.
- Taubman 2017, pp. 387–388.
- Taubman 2017, pp. 384–385.
- Doder & Branson 1990, p. 230; Taubman 2017, p. 385.
- "Document No. 13: Report on Mikhail Gorbachev's Visit to Romania, June 4, 1987". Masterpieces of History : The Peaceful End of the Cold War in Europe, 1989. National Security Archive Cold War Readers. Central European University Press. 19 September 2018. pp. 253–254. ISBN 9786155211881.
- "Gorbačov u Dubrovniku". Slobodna Dalmacija (13403): 1. 18 March 1988.
- "Susret s Popitom i Kučanom". Slobodna Dalmacija (13403): 1. 18 March 1988.
- "Gorbachev Visits Yugoslavia". AP NEWS. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- Tagliabue, John (18 March 1988). "Tepid Times for Gorbachev in a Thriving Yugoslav City". The New York Times.
- "Gorbachev in Poland: A study in contrasts. Polish leader doesn't share his enthusiasm for rapid change". Christian Science Monitor. 15 July 1988.
- "Warsaw Pact Summit Begins". Chicago Tribune. 16 July 1988.
- Tagliabue, John (16 July 1988). "Gorbachev in Warsaw Pact Meeting". The New York Times.
- "Travels of President George H. W. Bush". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 9 November 2011.
- Crossette, Barbara (19 November 1988). "Gorbachev in India to Reaffirm Ties". The New York Times.
- Keller, Bill (3 April 1989). "Gorbachev Begins His Visit to Cuba with Castro's Hug". The New York Times.
- Keller, Bill (5 April 1989). "Gorbachev Signs Treaty with Cuba". The New York Times.
- Pavlov, Yuri A. (1994). "Movement in Opposite Directions". Soviet-Cuban Alliance 1959-1991. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. p. 139.
- "Gorbachev Arrives in London for 2-Day Visit". Los Angeles Times. 6 April 1989.
- Doder & Branson 1990, p. 371; McCauley 1998, p. 143; Taubman 2017, pp. 475–476.
- Keller, Bill (15 May 1989). "Gorbachev Visits Beijing for Start of Summit Talks". The New York Times.
- Garver, John (December 1989). "The "New Type" of Sino-Soviet Relations". Asian Survey. 29 (12): 1136–1152. doi:10.2307/2644761. JSTOR 2644761.
- Vamos, Peter (2010). China Learns From the Soviet Union. Lexington Books. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-7391-4224-0.
- Taubman 2017, pp. 476–478.
- Koivisto, Mauno (1997). Witness to History: The Memoirs of Mauno Koisvisto President of Finland, 1982-1994. SIU Press. ISBN 978-0-8093-2045-5.
- "Gorbachev compares French Revolution with perestroika". UPI. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- "Excerpts From Speech By Gorbachev in France". New York Times. 7 July 1989. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- James M. Markham (5 July 1989). "Gorbachev likens Soviets to French". New York Times. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- "Speech by Mikhail Gorbachev" (PDF). Parliamentary Assembly. Forty-first ordinary session. 8-12 May and 3-7 July (Report). Vol. I. Sittings 1 to 9. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. 1990. pp. 197–205.
- Schmemann, Serge (7 October 1989). "Gorbachev Lends Honecker a Hand". The New York Times.
- "'Don't Panic,' Gorbachev Tells East Germans". Los Angeles Times. 7 October 1989.
- Keller, Bill (26 October 1989). "Gorbachev, in Finland, Disavows Any Right of Regional Intervention". The New York Times.
- "Gorba-huumaa ja kuuluisa kännykkäpuhelu". Yle Elävä Arkisto. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
- McCauley 1998, p. 144.
- "Gorbachev in Italy for Meeting with Pope". 29 November 1989.
- Визиты М.С. Горбачева в Италию и Ватикан: 29 ноября-1 декабря 1989 года : документы и материалы. Изд-во полит. лит-ры. January 1990. ISBN 9785250013666.
- Taubman 2017, p. 392.
- Haberman, Clyde; Times, Special To the New York (30 November 1989). "Clamor in the East; Gorbachev, Visiting Italy, Urges Talks on Naval Arms". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- "Gorbachev faces hard-working visit to Italy". UPI. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- Maureen Dowd (3 December 1989). "THE MALTA SUMMIT: Reporter's Notebook; Superpowers Cooperating, But Not Seas". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- "THE MALTA SUMMIT : Italy to Greet Gorbachev in Grand Style". Los Angeles Times. 29 November 1989.
- Claiborne, William (29 May 1990). "GORBACHEV'S CANADA STOPOVER STIRS MEMORIES OF FERTILE '83 VISIT". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
- "Gorbachev Will Stop in Canada Before Summit". Los Angeles Times. 16 May 1990. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
- Burns, John F.; Times, Special To the New York (30 May 1990). "Toward the Summit; Problems Back in Moscow Greet Gorbachev in Canada". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
- "Flashback Friday: Gorbachev visits Canada ahead of U.S.-Soviet weapons deal". CTVNews. 29 May 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
- "Joint News Conference of President Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in Helsinki, Finland September 9, 1990". The American Presidency Project. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012.
- Weisman, Steven R. (16 April 1991). "Gorbachev on Peace Mission to Japan". The New York Times.
- "Gorbachev Raises Hopes in Japan". Christian Science Monitor. 10 April 1991.
- Schmidt, William E. (6 June 1991). "Gorbachev, in Oslo, Links World Peace to Perestroika". The New York Times.
- "EVOLUTION IN EUROPE; Nobel Panel Rejects Request by Gorbachev for New Date". The New York Times. 29 November 1990.
Works cited
- Doder, Dusko; Branson, Louise (1990). Gorbachev: Heretic in the Kremlin. London: Futura. ISBN 978-0-70884940-8.
- McCauley, Martin (1998). Gorbachev. Profiles in Power. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 978-0-58221597-9.
- Medvedev, Zhores (1986). Gorbachev. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-39302308-4.
- Taubman, William (2017). Gorbachev: His Life and Times. New York City: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-47114796-8.
- Gorbaciov in Romania - Mapa Speciala - OMUL SI TIMPUL
- A full TV report covering the Chinese visit on Vremya – 15 May 1989
- Gorbachev visits East Berlin, 17 April 1986
- Mikhail S. Gorbachev's official visit to the UK
- Mikhail Gorbachev in Ireland 1989
- Bush & Gorbachev Malta Summit 1989
- Soviet Union visit Cuba (1989) Anthems
- Soviet Union visit Bulgaria 1985 - Anthems
- President Reagan's Remarks at Arrival Ceremony for Mikhail Gorbachev on 8 December 1987
- Soviet President Arrival Ceremony