House of Ardenne–Luxembourg

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Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Siegfried	922	28 October 998	963 – 28 October 998
	Henry I	964	27 February 1026	28 October 998 – 27 February 1026	his son
	Henry II	1007	16 October 1047	27 February 1026 – 16 October 1047	his nephew
	Giselbert	1007	14 August 1059	16 October 1047 – 14 August 1059	his brother
	Conrad I	1040	8 August 1086	14 August 1059 – 8 August 1086	his son
	Henry III	1070	1096	8 August 1086 – 1096
	William I	1081	1131	1096 – 1131	his brother
	Conrad II	1106	1136	1131 – 1136	his son
	Ermesinde I	1080	1143	1136 – 1136	his aunt

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House of Luxembourg–Namur

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Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Henry IV the Blind	1112	14 August 1196	1136 – 14 August 1196	her son

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House of Hohenstaufen

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Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Otto	June/July 1170	13 January 1200	1196 – 1197	his third-cousin once removed

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House of Luxembourg–Namur

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Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Ermesinde II	July 1186	12 February 1247	1197 – 12 February 1247	Henry IV's only daughter and Otto's fourth cousin
	Theobald I	1158	13 February 1214	1197 – 13 February 1214	her first husband and co-ruler
	Waleran	1180	2 July 1226	May 1214 – 2 July 1226	her second husband and co-ruler

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House of Luxembourg–Limburg

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Image	Name	Date of birth	Date of death	Reign	Relationship with predecessor
	Henry V the Blond	1216	24 December 1281	12 February 1247 – 24 December 1281	their son
	Henry VI the Condemned	1240	5 June 1288	24 December 1281 – 5 June 1288	his son
	Henry VII	1275/1270	24 August 1313	5 June 1288 – 24 August 1313
	John the Blind	10 August 1296	26 August 1346	24 August 1313 – 26 August 1346
	Charles IV	14 May 1316	29 November 1378	26 August 1346 – 1353
	Wenceslaus I	25 February 1337	7 December 1383	1353 – 13 March 1354	his brother

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House of Luxembourg-Limburg

As Elisabeth had no surviving children, she sold Luxembourg to Philip III, Duke of Burgundy in 1441, but only to succeed upon her death. Philip captured the city of Luxembourg in 1443, but did not assume the ducal title because of conflicting claims by Anne of Austria, the closest Luxembourg relative.

House of Valois-Burgundy

In 1467, when Elisabeth II of Austria, last rival claimant to the title, renounced her rights, Philip III's son, Charles, Duke of Burgundy, assumed the title of duke of Luxembourg, making it a subsidiary title of the Duke of Burgundy.

House of Habsburg

In 1482, Luxembourg passed to the House of Habsburg. After the abdication of Emperor Charles V, the duchy of Luxembourg fell to the Spanish line of the House of Habsburg.

During the War of Spanish Succession, 1701–1714, the duchy was disputed between Philip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV of France, of the House of Bourbon; and Charles of Austria, son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, of the House of Habsburg. In 1712, Luxembourg and Namur were ceded to Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria by his French allies, but at the end of the war in 1713 with the Treaty of Utrecht Maximilian Emanuel was restored as Elector of Bavaria. In 1713, the duchy fell to the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg.

House of Bourbon

House of Wittelsbach

House of Habsburg

Luxembourg was occupied by French revolutionaries between 1794 and 1813. At the Vienna Congress, it was elevated to a grand duchy and given in personal union to William I of the Netherlands.

House of Orange-Nassau

House of Nassau-Weilburg

Under the 1783 Nassau Family Pact, those territories of the Nassau family in the Holy Roman Empire at the time of the Pact (Luxembourg and Nassau) were bound by semi-Salic law, which allowed inheritance by females or through the female line only upon extinction of male members of the dynasty. When William III died leaving only his daughter Wilhelmina as an heir, the crown of the Netherlands, not being bound by the family pact, passed to Wilhelmina. However, the crown of Luxembourg passed to a male of another branch of the House of Nassau: Adolphe, the dispossessed Duke of Nassau and head of the branch of Nassau-Weilburg.

In 1905, Grand Duke Adolphe's younger half-brother, Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau, died, having left a son Georg Nikolaus, Count von Merenberg who was, however, the product of a morganatic marriage, and therefore not legally a member of the House of Nassau. In 1907, Adolphe's only son, William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, obtained passage of a law confirming the right of his eldest daughter, Marie-Adélaïde, to succeed to the throne in virtue of the absence of any remaining dynastic males of the House of Nassau, as originally stipulated in the Nassau Family Pact. She became the grand duchy's first reigning female monarch upon her father's death in 1912, and upon her own abdication in 1919, was succeeded by her younger sister Charlotte, who married Felix of Bourbon-Parma, a prince of the former Duchy of Parma. Charlotte's descendants have since reigned as the continued dynasty of Nassau.

Timeline of Grand Dukes of Luxembourg since 1815