Most of Alberta's mountains are found on the western edge of the province of Alberta, consisting of the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rockies, which run through the province from Alberta's mid-point to its southern border with the United States. Other elevated spots can be found in the Caribou Mountains and the Cypress Hills.

The peaks of the Canadian Rockies are majestic, many of them reaching a height of more than three kilometres above sea level. Alberta's southwestern boundary is traced on the Continental Divide, along the high ranges of the Rocky Mountains, and many peaks are located on the Alberta–British Columbia border. The peak of Mount Columbia, within Jasper National Park, is the highest point in Alberta, second highest in the Canadian Rockies and 28th highest in Canada.

The Caribou Mountains are located in the northern extremity of Alberta, forming an elevated plateau in the northern plains and wetlands. They reach an altitude of 1,030 m, almost 700 m higher than the surrounding area.

While not considered mountains, the Cypress Hills, located in the south-eastern corner of Alberta, extending into Saskatchewan, constitute the highest terrain in Canada between the Rocky Mountains and Labrador. They reach a maximum elevation of 1,468 m, 600 m above the surrounding prairie.

1. Mount Columbia – 3,747 m (12,293 ft)
2. Twin Peaks massif – 3,684 m (12,087 ft)
3. Mount Alberta – 3,619 m (11,873 ft)
4. Mount Assiniboine – 3,616 m (11,864 ft)
5. Mount Forbes – 3,612 m (11,850 ft)
6. Mount Temple – 3,543 m (11,624 ft)
7. Mount Brazeau – 3,525 m (11,565 ft)
8. Snow Dome – 3,520 m (11,549 ft)
9. Mount Kitchener – 3,505 m (11,499 ft)
10. Mount Lyell – 3,504 m (11,496 ft)

• Bare Range
• Blairmore Range
• Blue Range
• Bosche Range
• Brazeau Range
• Caribou Mountains
• Clark Range (Border Ranges)
• Colin Range
• Elk Range
• Fairholme Range
• Fiddle Range
• Fisher Range
• High Rock Range
• Highwood Range
• Jacques Range
• Kananaskis Range
• Livingstone Range
• Maligne Range
• Massive Range
• Miette Range
• Misty Range
• Opal Range
• Palliser Range
• President Range
• Queen Elizabeth Ranges
• Ram Range
• Sawback Range
• Slate Range
• De Smet Range
• Spray Mountains
• Valley of the Ten Peaks
• Vermilion Range
• Victoria Cross Ranges
• Waputik Range
• Winston Churchill Range

The Rockies are crossed through east-west alpine passes, such as:

• Abbot Pass
• Crowsnest Pass
• Kicking Horse Pass
• Kiwetinok Pass
• Sunwapta Pass
• Weary Creek Gap
• Yellowhead Pass

• Geography of Alberta
• List of mountains of Canada
• Mountain peaks of Canada
• List of mountain peaks of North America
• List of mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains
• Rocky Mountains