List_of_papal_elections

List of papal conclaves

List of papal conclaves

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There have been 110 papal elections that have produced popes currently recognized by the Catholic Church as legitimate. There was no fixed process for papal succession before 1059 and popes were often selected with substantial secular involvement, if not outright appointment. Since the promulgation of In nomine Domini (1059), however, suffrage has been limited to the College of Cardinals.[1]

The first papal election following In Nomine Domini (1059) took place in San Pietro in Vincoli ("Saint Peter in Chains") rather than Old St. Peter's Basilica due to intense secular opposition to the new papal selection process.

Papal elections since 1276 have taken the form of papal conclaves, which are elections that follow a set of rules and procedures developed in Ubi periculum (1274) and later papal bulls; observance of the conclave varied until 1294, but all papal elections since have followed relatively similar conclave procedures.

Although the cardinals have historically gathered at a handful of other locations within Rome and beyond, only five elections since 1455 have been held outside the Apostolic Palace.[2] Twenty-eight papal elections have been held outside Rome, in: Terracina (1088), Cluny (1119), Velletri (1181), Verona (1185), Ferrara (October 1187), Pisa (December 1187), Perugia (1216, 1264–1265, 1285, 1292–1294, 1304–1305), Anagni (1243), Naples (1254, 1294), Viterbo (1261, 1268–1271, July 1276, August–September 1276, 1277, 1281–1282), Arezzo (January 1276), Carpentras/Lyon (1314–1316), Avignon (1334, 1342, 1352, 1362, 1370), Konstanz (1417) and Venice (1799–1800). Three elections moved between locations while in progress: the elections of 1268–71, 1292–94, and 1314–16.

Papal elections

Elections that elected papal claimants currently regarded by the Catholic Church as antipopes are italicized.
SS. Pietro e Cesareo in Terracina, the site of the first papal election outside Rome
The 1119 papal election took place in Cluny Abbey as a result of the expulsion of Pope Gelasius II from Rome by Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor following the Investiture Controversy.
Senator Matteo Rosso Orsini confined the cardinals to the Septizodium during the 1241 election.
The Magistrates of Viterbo removed the roof of the Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo during the 1268–71 election and removed two cardinal electors from the Palace during the 1280–81 election.
The Palais des Papes, the site of most papal conclaves during the Avignon Papacy
The Konstanz Minster, the site of the Council of Constance, the last papal election outside Italy
The 1492 conclave was the first held in the Sistine Chapel of the Apostolic Palace, the site of all conclaves since 1878.
All but five papal conclaves since 1455 have been held in the Apostolic Palace.
The 1799–1800 papal conclave was held in San Giorgio Monastery in Venice, the last papal election site outside of Rome.
The Quirinal Palace was the site of the four conclaves prior to the seizure of Rome by the forces of the Italian unification.
More information Election, Elected Pope ...

See also

Notes

  1. [1]
    Johannes Baptist Sägmüller, "Cardinal" in Catholic Encyclopedia (1913).
  2. [2]
    Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). ""I Will Observe Absolute and Perpetual Secrecy:" The Historical Background of the Rigid Secrecy Found in Papal Elections". Catholic Historical Review. Vol. 89, Issue 2. pp. 165–181.
  3. [3]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 19–24.
  4. [4]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 24–25.
  5. [5]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 25–26.
  6. [6]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 26.
  7. [7]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 26–27.
  8. [8]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 27–28.
  9. [9]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 28–29.
  10. [10]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 29–31.
  11. [11]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 31.
  12. [12]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 31–32.
  13. [13]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 32–33.
  14. [14]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 33.
  15. [15]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 33–34.
  16. [16]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 34.
  17. [17]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 34–35.
  18. [18]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 35.
  19. [19]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 35–36.
  20. [20]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 36.
  21. [21]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 36–37.
  22. [22]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 37–39.
  23. [23]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 40.
  24. [24]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 40–41.
  25. [25]
    Walsh, Michael J. (2003). The Conclave. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 8. ISBN 1-58051-135-X.
  26. [26]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 41.
  27. [27]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 42.
  28. [28]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 42–43.
  29. [29]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 43.
  30. [30]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 43–45.
  31. [31]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 45–46.
  32. [32]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 47–48.
  33. [33]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 48–49.
  34. [34]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 49–50.
  35. [35]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 50–51.
  36. [36]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 51.
  37. [37]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 52–53.
  38. [38]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 54.
  39. [39]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 54–55.
  40. [40]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 55-60.
  41. [41]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 60–61.
  42. [42]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 61.
  43. [43]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 62.
  44. [44]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 62–63.
  45. [45]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 63.
  46. [46]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 63–64.
  47. [47]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 64–66.
  48. [48]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 67.
  49. [49]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 68–69.
  50. [50]
    Chambers, DS. 1978. "Papal Conclaves and Prophetic Mystery in the Sistine Chapel". Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 41: pp. 322–326
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    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 69.
  52. [52]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 70.
  53. [53]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 71–73.
  54. [54]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 73–77.
  55. [55]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 77–79.
  56. [56]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 79–81.
  57. [57]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 81–83.
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    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 84–85.
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    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 86–89.
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    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 89.
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    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 91–93.
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    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 95–98.
  63. [63]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 98-101.
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    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 102–103.
  65. [65]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 104–110.
  66. [66]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 111–112.
  67. [67]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 112–113.
  68. [68]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 116–120.
  69. [69]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 121–123.
  70. [70]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 125–126.
  71. [71]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 127–130.
  72. [72]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 132–134.
  73. [73]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 134–135.
  74. [74]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 136.
  75. [75]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 136–138.
  76. [76]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 139–142.
  77. [77]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 142.
  78. [78]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 143–145.
  79. [79]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 147–149.
  80. [80]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 153–154.
  81. [81]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 155–157.
  82. [82]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 157–159.
  83. [83]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 159–161.
  84. [84]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 161–162.
  85. [85]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 163–164.
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    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 164–166.
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    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 167.
  88. [88]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 168–170.
  89. [89]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 170–171.
  90. [90]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 171–173.
  91. [91]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 173–175.
  92. [92]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 175–176.
  93. [93]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 176–178.
  94. [94]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 179–180.
  95. [95]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 182–184.
  96. [96]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 186–187.
  97. [97]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 188–189.
  98. [98]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 189–190.
  99. [99]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 191–193.
  100. [100]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 195–199.
  101. [101]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 201–204.
  102. [102]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 206–208.
  103. [103]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 209–210.
  104. [104]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 212–213.
  105. [105]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 215–218.
  106. [106]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 219–222.
  107. [107]
    Baumgartner, 2003, p. 223–227.
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    Greeley, Andrew M. 2005. The Making of the Pope: 2005. Brown, Little. ISBN 0-316-86149-9.
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    Lyman, Eric J. (1 March 2013). "Vatican summons cardinals for conclave". USA Today. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
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References

  • Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-29463-8.
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