List_of_people_considered_father_or_mother_of_a_scientific_field

List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field

List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field

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The following is a list of people who are considered a "father" or "mother" (or "founding father" or "founding mother") of a scientific field. Such people are generally regarded to have made the first significant contributions to and/or delineation of that field; they may also be seen as "a" rather than "the" father or mother of the field. Debate over who merits the title can be perennial.

Science as a whole

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Natural sciences

Biology

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Chemistry

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Earth sciences

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Medicine and physiology

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Physics and astronomy

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Formal sciences

Mathematics

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Systems theory

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Social sciences

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Economics

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Schools of thought

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Theories

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See also

Notes

  1. A name suggested in 1802 by the German naturalist Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus and introduced as a scientific term later that year by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

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  143. Boyer (1991). "Greek Trigonometry and Mensuration". A History of Mathematics (Second ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 162. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8. For some two and a half centuries, from Hippocrates to Eratosthenes, Greek mathematicians had studied relationships between lines and circles and had applied these in a variety of astronomical problems, but no systematic trigonometry had resulted. Then, presumably during the second half of the second century B.C., the first trigonometric table apparently was compiled by the astronomer Hipparchus of Nicaea (ca. 180 – ca. 125 B.C.), who thus earned the right to be known as the father of trigonometry. Aristarchus had known that in a given circle the ratio of arc to chord decreases from 180° to 0°, tending toward a limit of 1. However, it appears that not until Hipparchus undertook the task had anyone tabulated corresponding values of arc and chord for a whole series of angles.
  144. Boyer's opinion may constructively be compared to Øystein Ore's opinion, that the Babylonians constructed trigonometric tables ca. 1600 BCE (Ore (1988). "Diophantine Problems". Number Theory and its History. Dover Publications, Inc. pp. 176–179. ISBN 978-0-486-65620-5. The tablet, catalogued as Plimpton 322, is composed in Old Babylonian script so that it must fall in the period from 1900 B.C. and 1600 B.C., at least a millennium before the Pythagoreans... It is evident, however, that at this early date the Babylonians not only had completely mastered the Pythagorean problem, but also had used it as the basis for the construction of trigonometric tables.)
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