This list includes people who were born in or lived in Wrocław after 1945. For a list of notable residents before 1945, see List of people from Breslau.

• Jan Borysewicz - guitar player, composer, leader of the rock band Lady Pank
• Leszek Czarnecki - businessman and billionaire
• Artur Ekert - physicist
• Władysław Frasyniuk - politician
• Jolanta Fraszyńska, actress
• Robert Fudali - sole member of black metal band Graveland
• Waldemar Fydrych - alias "Major"; artist, founder of the Orange Alternative happening movement
• Eugeniusz Geppert - painter
• Kamil Giżycki - writer and traveler
• Jerzy Grotowski - theatre director and theatrical avant-garde figure
• Mirosław Hermaszewski - cosmonaut
• Ludwik Hirszfeld - microbiologist, co-discover of the inheritance of the BO blood type
• Marek Hłasko - novelist, writer
• Hubert Hurkacz - tennis player
• Klaudia Jachira - politician and comedian
• Lech Janerka - singer, musician and composer
• Ewa Klonowski - forensic anthropologist
• Aleksandr Ivanovich Korolyov - vice-president of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
• Urszula Kozioł - poet
• Marek Krajewski - writer
• Wojciech Kurtyka - mountain climber
• Aleksandra Kurzak - opera singer
• Olaf Lubaszenko - actor and film director
• Jan Łopuszański - physicist
• Mata - rapper
• Mateusz Morawiecki - politician, Prime Minister of Poland
• Rafał Omelko - athlete
• Piotr Ponikowski - cardiologist
• Barbara Rogowska - comedian actress and comic
• Tadeusz Różewicz - poet and writer
• Wanda Rutkiewicz - mountaineer
• Selma Nicklass-Kempner - soprano
• Andrzej Sekuła - cinematographer and film director
• Hugo Steinhaus - mathematician
• Włodzimierz Trzebiatowski - chemist and physicist
• Michał Witkowski - writer
• Rafał Wojaczek - poet
• Dagmara Wozniak (born 1988) - Polish-American U.S. Olympic sabre fencer
• Maciej Żurowski - historian of French literature, translator, Romanist