List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines_by_education

List of presidents of the Philippines by education

List of presidents of the Philippines by education

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This is a complete list of Philippine presidents by college education that consists of the 17 heads of state in the history of the Philippines.

Almost all presidents (except Emilio Aguinaldo, Joseph Estrada, and Bongbong Marcos) completed a college degree program.[1] College and postgraduate education have prepared presidents in their future roles as heads of state, architects of foreign policy, commanders-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, and managers of the entire government bureaucracy.

By law, under the Constitution of the Philippines, any Filipino citizen aged forty and above who can read and write and can meet residency requirements is eligible to run as president. However, in practice, popularity, political machinery, and financial resources are the key elements leading to a successful presidential candidate.

List by degree

This section lists presidents according to schools from which they earned degrees. Schools that presidents attended but did not earn degrees from are not included.

Did not graduate from college

LL.B.

The J.D. was first conferred in the Philippines in lieu of the LL.B. by the Ateneo Law School in 1990,[13] with the model program later adopted by most schools now offering the J.D.[14][15][16] However, no president as of yet has graduated with the J.D., as all have earned the LL.B. prior to 1990.[1]

More information School, Location ...

Master's

More information School, Location ...

Ph.D.

More information School, Location ...

Undergraduate

Some presidents attended more than one institution, though only those from which they earned undergraduate degrees are included here. Two presidents never earned undergraduate degrees: Emilio Aguinaldo never attended college,[2] while Joseph Estrada dropped out from both colleges that he attended.[3] One, Bongbong Marcos, did not finish his special diploma course at the Center for Research and Communication[4] and received only a special diploma in social studies from the University of Oxford as he failed two components of his program of study, making him ineligible to receive an undergraduate degree.[8] Marcos still falsely claims that he obtained a degree from Oxford despite Oxford confirming in 2015 and 2021 that Marcos did not finish his degree.[11][17][18][6]

Three presidents attended foreign colleges at the undergraduate level: Corazon Aquino, Fidel Ramos, and Bongbong Marcos. One president attended a United States service academy: Fidel Ramos graduated from the United States Military Academy as part of his professional education as a career soldier.

More information School, Location ...

List by specialization

Business school

More information School, Location ...

Law school

More information School, Location ...

List by presidents

More information President, High school or equivalent ...

Other academic associations

Faculty member

More information President(s), School ...

School rector or president

More information President(s), School ...

School trustee or governor

More information President(s), School ...

Notes

  1. Although Garcia and Macapagal attended the original campus of the Philippine Law School in Manila, the school has since relocated to Pasay in 1958.
  2. The University of the Philippines was not declared as a university system before 1972. Although the respective colleges attended by Laurel, Roxas, Quirino, and Marcos Sr. now belong to University of the Philippines Diliman, they attended the original campus, which is now University of the Philippines Manila. The University of the Philippines College of Law itself has been located in the Diliman campus in Quezon City since 1948.
  3. Although Magsaysay attended the original campus of José Rizal College in Manila, the school has since relocated to Mandaluyong in 1949.
  4. Marcos Jr. has regularly misrepresented his education at the University of Oxford,[11][18][42][43] claiming that he graduated with a bachelor of arts in philosophy, politics and economics.[5] However, he did not obtain such a degree, instead receiving a special diploma in social studies,[8] which was awarded mainly to non-graduates and is currently no longer offered by the university.[6][11][12]

See also

References

  1. [1]
    "Philippine Electoral Almanac Revised And Expanded". Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  2. [2]
    Ocampo, Ambeth (October 7, 2015). "Our heroes' formal education, or lack of it". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  3. [3]
    Barreveld, Dirk J. (2001). Philippine President Estrada Impeached!: How the President of the World's 13th Most Populous Country Stumbles Over His Mistresses, a Chinese Conspiracy and the Garbage of His Capital. Writers Club Press. ISBN 9780595184378. (republished by Google Books): 21 
  4. [4]
    Galvez, Daphne (March 13, 2023). "Marcos admits not finishing 'special diploma' from UA&P". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
  5. [5]
    "Marcos: Special diploma from Oxford is same as bachelor's degree". January 21, 2016.
  6. [6]
    Buan, Lian (October 26, 2021). "Oxford: Bongbong Marcos' special diploma 'not a full graduate diploma'". Rappler. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
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    "Oxford group: Marcos received special diploma, no college degree". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
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    "Marcos Pa Rin! The Legacy and the Curse of the Marcos Regime". Kasarinlan: Philippine Journal of Third World Studies. 28: 456. 2012. Retrieved November 6, 2021.
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  13. [13]
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  15. [15]
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  22. [22]
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  23. [23]
    "Manuel L. Quezon". Presidential Museum and Library. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  24. [24]
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  25. [25]
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  26. [26]
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  27. [27]
    "Elpidio Quirino". Presidential Museum and Library. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  28. [28]
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  30. [30]
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  31. [31]
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  32. [32]
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  33. [33]
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  34. [34]
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  36. [36]
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  41. [41]
    Legaspi, Amita O. (September 21, 2014). "Where was Bongbong Marcos when martial law was declared in 1972?". GMA News and Public Affairs. Retrieved September 2, 2018.
  42. [42]
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  43. [43]
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  48. [48]
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