There are currently six operating railway systems in Taiwan:

The two Inter-city rail systems, Taiwan Railways and Taiwan High Speed Rail, have several overlaps in station names. See below Taiwan High Speed Rail section for their relations in detail.

There are five rapid transit systems in Taiwan:

• Taipei Metro, opened in March 1996, serves the core of Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area.
• Kaohsiung Metro, opened in March 2008, serves the core of Kaohsiung metropolitan area.
• Taoyuan Metro, opened in March 2017, connects the cores of Taipei and Taoyuan with Taoyuan International Airport.
• New Taipei Metro, opened in December 2018, serves the Danhai New Town and New Taipei
• Taichung Metro, opened in April 2021, serves the core of Taichung–Changhua metropolitan area.

The Alishan Forest Railway is currently administered by Forestry Bureau as a heritage railway for tourists in Alishan National Scenic Area.

• 
  Taiwan Railways
• 
  Taiwan High Speed Rail
• 
  Kaohsiung Rapid Transit System
• 
  Taipei Metro

Station names in Taiwan are in Wade–Giles for major stations and in Hanyu Pinyin for other minor stations. Exceptions exist in Kaohsiung Metro, which uses Tongyong Pinyin in general. Other romanization systems also exists in some cases for private property or traditional place names. The law of Taiwan also requires all notifications in public transportation systems including station names shall be made in Mandarin, Taiwanese Hokkien, and Hakka.^[1]

The Taiwan Railways is operated by the governmental official Taiwan Railways Administration. It consists of the following lines

• Western main line: including West Coast line, Taichung line and Pingtung line.
• Eastern main line: including Yilan line, North-link line and Taitung line.
• South-link line
• Branch lines: Pingxi line, Neiwan line, Liujia line, Jiji line, Shalun line, Shen'ao line

Stations with special and first classes are shown in bold.

The Taiwan High Speed Rail currently operates 12 stations in western Taiwan:

• Taiwan Railways have a station name identical to THSR in a union station or in nearby places: Banqiao, Nangang, Taipei.
• Taiwan Railways have a station name identical to THSR but in different places: Changhua, Chiayi, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Tainan, Taoyuan, Zuoying.

The Kaohsiung Rapid Transit System consists of three lines: Red line, Orange line, and Circular light rail. There are in total 52 stations in total on the three lines.

The New Taipei Metro consists of one line, Danhai light rail, with 14 stations. Stations V01-V11 opened in 2018, and stations V26-V28 opened in 2020.

The Taichung Metro consists of one line, Green line, with 18 stations. The line officially opened on April 25, 2021.

The Taipei Metro System consists of five lines: Wenhu line, Tamsui–Xinyi line, Zhonghe–Xinlu line, Songshan–Xindian line, Bannan line. There are in total 117 stations in total on these lines.

Taoyuan Metro consists of one line, Taoyuan Airport MRT, with 21 stations.

The Alishan Forest Railway is owned and operated by Forestry Bureau. Currently four lines are in operation: Main line (Alishan line), Chushan line, Shenmu line, and Zhaoping line. ^[2]

• Rail transport in Taiwan