List_of_skeletal_muscles_of_the_human_body

List of skeletal muscles of the human body

List of skeletal muscles of the human body

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This is a table of skeletal muscles of the human anatomy, with muscle counts and other information.

Skeletal muscle maps
  • Anterior view
  • Posterior view
  • A more detailed overview

Table

More information Muscle, Location ...

Table explanation and summary

The muscles are described using anatomical terminology. The columns are as follows:

More information Name, Explanation ...

For Origin, Insertion and Action please name a specific Rib, Thoracic vertebrae or Cervical vertebrae, by using C1-7, T1-12 or R1-12.

Summary in numbers

There does not appear to be a definitive source counting all skeletal muscles. Different sources group muscles differently, regarding what is defined as different parts of a single muscle or as several muscles. There are also vestigial muscles that are present in some people but absent in others, such as the palmaris longus muscle.[14][15] There are between 600 and 840 muscles within the typical human body, depending on how they are counted.[16][17][18] In the present table, using statistical counts of the instances of each muscle, and ignoring gender-specific muscles, there are 761 skeletal muscles. Sometimes male and females have the same muscle but with different purposes[19]

Numbers based on the list above:

More information Total number ...

Agonistic and antagonistic relationships

Muscles are often paired as agonistic and antagonistic muscles.[21] This can be a bit misleading as, in general, it is groups of muscles working together to either make or cancel a movement.[22] The present table lists some well-known relationships but is not at all complete.

Innervation overview

Mind map showing a summary of upper limb muscle innervation
Mind map showing a summary of lower limb muscle innervation
An attempt of a map the muscles in our list of skeletal muscles graphically based on location, showing variations and parts of the same muscle as well as number of standard occuranes in the human body

See also

Notes

  1. The UK English names differ mainly by the addition of dashes, which are less common in practice.

References

  1. [1]
    Pessino, Kenneth; Patel, Jay; Patel, Bhupendra C. (2023), "Anatomy, Head and Neck; Frontalis Muscle", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32491684, retrieved 2023-07-02
  2. [2]
    "Muscle of terminal notch - e-Anatomy - IMAIOS". www.imaios.com. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
  3. [3]
    Weaver, C (February 1978). "Frequency of occurrence of the transversus menti muscle". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 61 (2): 231–3. doi:10.1097/00006534-197802000-00013. PMID 622414. S2CID 27905510.
  4. [4]
    Barker, B. C. (October 1981). "The pterygoideus proprius muscle". Australian Dental Journal. 26 (5): 309–310. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1981.tb05228.x. ISSN 0045-0421. PMID 6949532.
  5. [5]
    Maranillo, Eva; Vázquez, Teresa; Mirapeix, Rosa; León, Xavier; McHanwell, Stephen; Quer, Miquel; Sañudo, José Ramón (May 2009). "Ceratocricoid muscle: an embryological and anatomical study". Clinical Anatomy. 22 (4): 463–470. doi:10.1002/ca.20795. ISSN 1098-2353. PMID 19306315. S2CID 35995462.
  6. [6]
    "Ceratocricoid muscle - e-Anatomy - IMAIOS". www.imaios.com. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
  7. [7]
    Kim, Jun-Ho; Won, Hyung-Sun; Chung, In-Hyuk; Kim, In-Beom (November 2015). "The enigmatic subcostal muscle: Anatomical study with application to spine and chest pain syndromes and avoidance of confusion on imaging: Morphology and Morphometry of the Subcostal Muscle". Clinical Anatomy. 28 (8): 1017–1021. doi:10.1002/ca.22631. PMID 26384842. S2CID 42512626.
  8. [8]
    Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 193
  9. [9]
    Gosling, J. A., Harris, P. F., Humpherson, J. R., Whitmore I., & Willan P. L. T. 2008. Human Anatomy Color Atlas and Text Book. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier. page 200
  10. [10]
    Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 217
  11. [11]
    Gosling 2008, p. 273
  12. [12]
    Gosling et al. 2008, p. 266
  13. [13]
    FIPAT (2019). "Terminologia Anatomica" (PDF) (2nd ed.). Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology.
  14. [14]
    de las Peñas, César Fernández; Ge, Hong-You; Arendt-Nielsen, Lars; Dommerholt, Jan; Simons, David G. (2011). "Chapter 32 - Referred pain from muscle/myofascial trigger points". Neck and Arm Pain Syndromes. Churchill Livingstone. pp. 404–418. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-3528-9.00032-7. ISBN 978-0-7020-3528-9.
  15. [15]
    Sarnat, Harvey B.; Carpenter, Stirling (2015). "Chapter 4 - Muscle Biopsy for Diagnosis of Neuromuscular and Metabolic Diseases". Neuromuscular Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence (2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 46–65. ISBN 978-0-12-417044-5.
  16. [16]
    Science Reference Section (19 November 2019). "What is the strongest muscle in the human body?". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
  17. [17]
    Brooks, Susan V. (2003-12-01). "Current topics for teaching skeletal muscle physiology". Advances in Physiology Education. 27 (1–4): 171–182. doi:10.1152/advan.2003.27.4.171. ISSN 1043-4046. PMID 14627615. S2CID 14267377.
  18. [18]
    John., Stewart, Gregory (2009). "Chapter 8: Skeletal muscles". The skeletal and muscular systems. New York: Chelsea House. ISBN 9781604133653. OCLC 277118444.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  19. [19]
    Glenmark, Birgitta; Nilsson, Maria; Gao, Hui; Gustafsson, Jan-Åke; Dahlman-Wright, Karin; Westerblad, Håkan (December 2004). "Difference in skeletal muscle function in males vs. females: role of estrogen receptor-β". American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 287 (6): E1125–E1131. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00098.2004. ISSN 0193-1849. PMID 15280152. S2CID 7926940.
  20. [20]
    Haizlip, K. M.; Harrison, B. C.; Leinwand, L. A. (2015). "Sex-Based Differences in Skeletal Muscle Kinetics and Fiber-Type Composition". Physiology. 30 (1): 30–39. doi:10.1152/physiol.00024.2014. PMC 4285578. PMID 25559153.
  21. [21]
    "Agonist and antagonist muscle pairs - Muscular system - OCR - GCSE Physical Education Revision - OCR". BBC Bitesize. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  22. [22]
    Biga, Lindsay M.; Bronson, Staci; Dawson, Sierra; Harwell, Amy; Hopkins, Robin; Kaufmann, Joel; LeMaster, Mike; Matern, Philip; Morrison-Graham, Katie; Oja, Kristen; Quick, Devon; Runyeon, Jon (2019-09-26). "11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

General references

  • Gosling, J.A.; Harris, P.F.; Humpherson, J.R.; Whitmore, I.; Willan, P.L.T. (2008). Human Anatomy: Color Atlas and Textbook. phot. by A.L. Bentley (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby. ISBN 978-0-7234-3451-1.
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