List_of_snakes_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago

List of snakes of Trinidad and Tobago

List of snakes of Trinidad and Tobago

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Forty-seven species of snake have been recorded in Trinidad and Tobago, making the snake population of this area the most diverse in the Caribbean. Forty-four of these snake species are found in Trinidad and twenty-one in Tobago. Many of these species are South American, most of which are present in Venezuela. Trinidad and Tobago consists of two main islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and several smaller islands. The Bocas Islands, which lie between Trinidad and Venezuela, in the Bocas del Dragón (Dragon's Mouths), consist of Chacachacare, Monos, Huevos and Gaspar Grande. Several smaller islands lie off Trinidad, but snakes have been recorded on only one of them, Caledonia Island. Snakes have been recorded on one island off Tobago, Little Tobago. Four species are venomous: two coral snake species (Micrurus spp.[note 1]), the fer-de-lance (Bothrops atrox) and the South American bushmaster (Lachesis muta). The common coral (Micrurus fulvius) is found on at least two of the Bocas Islands: Gaspar Grande and Monos. No venomous snakes inhabit Tobago.

Cascabel dormillon or Cook's tree boa (Corallus ruschenbergerii), Caroni Swamp, Trinidad

Anomalepididae is a family of nonvenomous snakes native to Central and South America. They are similar to Typhlopidae, except that some species possess a single tooth in the lower jaw. One possible species has been recorded in Trinidad and Tobago.

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Leptotyphlopidae is a family of snakes found in North and South America, Africa, and Asia. All are fossorial and adapted to burrowing, feeding on ants and termites. One species has been recorded in Trinidad and Tobago.

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Typhlopidae is a family of blind snakes found mostly in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia and the Americas. Two species have been recorded in Trinidad and Tobago.

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Anomalepididae

Aniliidae

Aniliidae is a monotypic family created for the monotypic genus Anilius, which means that there is only one species in the entire family. This species is A. scytale, found in South America.

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Leptotyphlopidae

Boidae

Boidae is a family of non-venomous snakes found in America, Africa, Europe, Asia and some Pacific Islands, containing the boas. Four species have been recorded in Trinidad and Tobago.

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Typhlopidae

Family Colubridae

Colubridae is a family of snakes comprising about two thirds of all snake species on earth. Colubrid species are found on every continent, except Antarctica.[10] Species from three subfamilies are found in Trinidad and Tobago.

Subfamily Xenodontinae

Xenodontinae is a subfamily of snakes within the family Colubridae that includes mud snakes and New World hognose snakes.

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Subfamily Dipsadinae

Dipsadinae is a subfamily of snakes within the family Colubridae that includes cat-eyed snakes, night snakes, and black-striped snakes.

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Subfamily Colubrinae

Colubrinae is the largest subfamily of colubrids, and includes rat snakes, king snakes, milk snakes, vine snakes and indigo snakes.

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Family Elapidae

Elapidae is a family of venomous snakes found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. Two species are found in Trinidad and Tobago.

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Family Viperidae

Viperidae is a family of venomous snakes found all over the world, except for Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Madagascar, Hawaii and the Arctic Circle. All have relatively long hinged fangs that permit deep penetration and injection of venom. Two species are found in Trinidad and Tobago.

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See also

Notes

  1. [N 1]
    The abbreviation "sp." indicates a single species and the abbreviation "spp." indicates multiple species.
  2. [N 2]
    Helminthophis sp. is known from a single collection. It may represent an undescribed species since none of the three described species are known from adjacent portions of Venezuela
  3. [N 3]
    Typhlops trinitatus is endemic to Trinidad and Tobago.
  4. [N 4]
    Anilus scytale scytale is only known in Trinidad and Tobago from a single collection.
  5. [N 5]
    Boa constrictor constrictor has been recorded from the islands of Monos and Gaspar Grande.
  6. [N 6]
    Epicrates cenchria maurus has been recorded from the island of Chacachacare, but the report has not been confirmed with a specimen.
  7. [N 7]
    Liophis melanotus nesos has been recorded from the island of Chacachacare and is only known in Trinidad and Tobago from a single collection.
  8. [N 8]
    Pseudoboa neuwiedii has been recorded from the island of Chacachacare.
  9. [N 9]
    Atractus trilineatus has been reported from the island of Huevos, but Boos (2001) considered this record to be doubtful.
  10. [N 10]
    Atractus cf. univittatus is known from a single collection in Tobago. It has affinities with A. univittatus, but may be an undescribed species.
  11. [N 11]
    Clelia clelia clelia has been recorded from the island of Chacachacare, but the report has not been confirmed with a specimen.
  12. [N 12]
    Dipsas variegata trinitatis is only known in Trinidad and Tobago from a single collection.
  13. [N 13]
    Erythrolamprus aesculapii is only known in Trinidad and Tobago from a single collection.
  14. [N 14]
    Erythrolamprus bizona is only known in Trinidad and Tobago from a single collection.
  15. [N 15]
    Erythrolamprus ocellatus is only known in Trinidad and Tobago from a single collection.
  16. [N 16]
    Leptodeira annulata ashmeadi has been recorded from the islands of Gaspar Grande and Huevos.
  17. [N 17]
    Sibon nebulata nebulata has been recorded from the island of Huevos.
  18. [N 18]
    Chironius scurrulus is only known in Trinidad and Tobago from a single collection.
  19. [N 19]
    Drymarchon corais corais has been recorded from the island of Monos.
  20. [N 20]
    Leptophis stimsoni is only known in Trinidad and Tobago from a single collection.
  21. [N 21]
    Mastigodryas boddaerti boddaerti has been recorded from the islands of Monos, Gaspar Grande, Chacachacare, Huevos, and Caledonia.
  22. [N 22]
    Mastigodryas boddaerti dunni has been recorded from the island of Little Tobago and is only known in Trinidad and Tobago from a single collection.
  23. [N 23]
    Oxybelis aeneus has been recorded from the islands of Chacachacare and Huevos.
  24. [N 24]
    Tantilla melanocephala has been recorded from the island of Huevos.
  25. [N 25]
    Micrurus circinalis has been recorded from the islands of Gaspar Grande (Boos 2001) and Monos (Charles & Smith 2009).

References

All information is based on Boos (2001) unless otherwise stated.

  1. [1]
    Boos (2001), p. 43
  2. [2]
    Epictia tenella · BioDiversity4All
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    Boos (2001), p. 44
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    Boos (2001), p. 45
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    Boos (2001), p. 60
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    Boos (2001), p. 64
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    Boos (2001), p. 67
  10. [10]
    Bauer, Aaron M. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 188–195. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
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    Boos (2001), p. 98
  12. [12]
    Boos (2001), p. 99
  13. [13]
    Boos (2001), p. 100
  14. [14]
    Boos (2001), p. 102
  15. [15]
    Boos (2001), p. 103
  16. [16]
    Boos (2001), p. 106
  17. [17]
    Boos (2001), pp. 107–109
  18. [18]
    Bailey, Joseph R.; Robert A. Thomas (2006). "A revision of the South American snake genus Thamnodynastes Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes: Colubridae, Tachymenini). II. Three new species from northern South America, with further descriptions of Thamnodynastes gambotensis Pérez-Santos and Moreno and Thamnodynastes ramonriveroi Manzanilla and Sánchez". Memoria de la Fundación la Salle de Ciencias Naturales. 66 (166): 7–27. Archived from the original on 24 December 2012.
  19. [19]
    Boos (2001), p. 109
  20. [20]
    Atractus fuliginosus · BioDiversity4All
  21. [21]
    Boos (2001), p. 110
  22. [22]
    Boos (2001), p. 112
  23. [23]
    Boos (2001), p. 85
  24. [24]
    Boos (2001), p. 113
  25. [25]
    Boos (2001), p. 88
  26. [26]
    Boos (2001), pp. 89–93
  27. [27]
    Erythrolamprus cobella · BioDiversity4All
  28. [28]
    Boos (2001), pp. 93–95
  29. [29]
    Erythrolamprus pseudoreginae · iNaturalist United Kingdom
  30. [30]
    Erythrolamprus zweifeli · BioDiversity4All
  31. [31]
    Boos (2001), p. 96
  32. [32]
    Boos (2001), p. 97
  33. [33]
    Boos (2001), p. 114
  34. [34]
    Boos (2001), p. 115
  35. [35]
    Boos (2001), p. 117
  36. [36]
    Boos (2001), p. 118
  37. [37]
    Boos (2001), p. 119
  38. [38]
    Boos (2001), p. 121
  39. [39]
    Boos (2001), p. 122
  40. [40]
    Boos (2001), p. 123
  41. [41]
    Boos (2001), p. 125
  42. [42]
    Boos (2001), p. 126
  43. [43]
    Mastigodryas amarali | The Reptile Database
  44. [44]
    Boos (2001), p. 128
  45. [45]
    Boos (2001), p. 130
  46. [46]
    Boos (2001), p. 133
  47. [47]
    Boos (2001), p. 136
  48. [48]
    Boos (2001), p. 138
  49. [49]
    Boos (2001), p. 140
  50. [50]
    Boos (2001), p. 142
  51. [51]
    Trinidad Ribbon Coral Snake (Micrurus diutius) · iNaturalist
  52. [52]
    Boos (2001), p. 146
  53. [53]
    Boos (2001), p. 144
  54. [54]
    Charles, Stevland P.; Stephen Smith (2009). "A New Locality Record for the Coral Snake, Micrurus circinalis (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae) on Monos Island, Trinidad and Tobago" (PDF). Living World, Journal of the Trinidad and Tobago Field Naturalists' Club: 41–42. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2012.
  55. [55]
    Boos (2001), p. 156
  56. [56]
    Boos (2001), p. 167

Bibliography
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