List_of_solar_telescopes

List of solar telescopes

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This is a list of solar telescopes built in various countries around the world. A solar telescope is a specialized telescope that is used to observe the Sun.

This list contains ground-based professional observatory telescopes at optical wavelengths in chronological order. Solar telescopes often have multiple focal lengths, and use a various combination of mirrors such as coelostats, lenses, and tubes for instruments including spectrographs, cameras, or coronagraphs. There are many types of instruments that have been designed to observe Earth's Sun, for example, in the 20th century solar towers were common.

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This article uses material from the Wikipedia article List_of_solar_telescopes, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

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Name/Observatory	Aperture	Year(s)	Location	Country(s)	Note(s)
Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST)	400 cm	2019–	Haleakalā, Maui, Hawaii, United States	United States	^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]
Chinese Large Solar Telescope (CLST)	180 cm	2019–	Chengdu, Sichuan, China	China	First light 10 December 2019^[5]
GREGOR, Teide Observatory	150 cm	2012–	Tenerife, Spain	Germany	^[6]
Goode Solar Telescope (GST), Big Bear Solar Observatory	160 cm	2008–	California, United States	United States
New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST), Yunnan Astronomical Observatory	100 cm	2010–	Yunnan, China	China	100 cm vacuum solar telescope^[7]
Andrei Severny Tower Solar Telescope, Crimean Astrophysical Observatory	90 cm	1954–	Crimea
Multi-Purpose Automated Solar Telescope, Sayan Solar Observatory	80 cm		Mondy, Republic of Buryatia, Russia	Russia	Located in the mountains at 2000m altitude.^[8]
Large Solar Vakuum Telescope, Baikal Astrophysical Observatory	76 cm	1980–	Irkutsk Oblast, Russia	Russia	Located on the Coast of Lake Baikal.^[8]
Optical and Near-Infrared Solar Eruption Tracer (ONSET), School of Astronomy & Space Science, Nanjing University	3x27,5 cm	2010–	Nanjing, China	China	The ONSET consists of four tubes: (1) a near-infrared vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (2) a chromospheric vacuum tube, with an aperture of 27.5 cm, (3) a WL vacuum tube, with an aperture of 20 cm and (4) a guiding tube.^[9]
Bulgarian 15-cm Solar Coronagraph,^[10] Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory Bulgaria	100 cm	2005–	Rozhen, Bulgaria	Bulgaria
Swedish Solar Telescope (SST), Roque de los Muchachos Observatory	100 cm	2002–	La Palma, Spain	Sweden	^[11]
Prairie View Solar Observatory (PVSO)^[12]	35 cm	1999–	Texas, United States	United States
Upgraded Coronal Multi-Channel Polarimeter (UCOMP)	20 cm	2021–	Mauna Loa, Hawaii, United States	United States
K-Coronagraph (K-COR)	20 cm	2013–	Mauna Loa, Hawaii, United States	United States
Dutch Open Telescope (DOT), Roque de los Muchachos Observatory	45 cm	1997–	La Palma, Spain	Netherlands
THÉMIS Solar Telescope, Teide Observatory	90 cm	1996–	Tenerife, Spain	Italy and France
Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT), Teide Observatory	70 cm	1989–	Tenerife, Spain	Germany	^[13]
Hida Domeless Solar Telescope (ja)	60 cm	1979–	Takayama, Gifu, Japan	Japan	^[14]
Udaipur Solar Observatory MAST Full Disk H-alpha Telescope H-alpha Spar Telescope Coudé Telescope	50 cm 15 cm 25 cm 15 cm	1976–	Udaipur, India	India
Richard B. Dunn Solar Telescope (DST), Sacramento Peak	76 cm	1969–	Sunspot Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, United States	United States
Solar Observatory Tower Meudon	60 cm	1968–	Meudon, France	France
McMath–Pierce solar telescope, KPO	161 cm	1961–	Arizona, United States	United States	Largest aperture optical and infrared solar telescope for nearly six decades
ARIES Observatory	15 cm	1961–	Nainital, India	India
Solar Tunnel Telescope, Kodaikanal Solar Observatory	61 cm (24 in)	1958–	Kodaikanal, India	India	^[15]
45-cm-Turmteleskop	45 cm	1943–	Schauinsland, Germany	Germany
Gregory Coudé Telescope	45 cm	1959-	Locarno, Switzerland	Switzerland	Operated by the Universitäts-Sternwarte Göttingen until 1984 and by IRSOL after 1984.
Solar Tower Telescope by Zeiss	45 cm	1930–	Tokyo, Japan	Japan	^[16]
Einsteinturm	60 cm	1924–	Potsdam, Germany	Germany
150-foot tower, Mount Wilson Observatory	35 cm (24")	1912–	California, United States	United States	^[1]
Snow Solar Telescope, Mount Wilson Observatory	61 cm (24")	1904–	California, United States	United States	First solar telescope^[17]
Lerebour/Grubb-Parsons, Kodaikanal Solar Observatory	20 cm	1901–	Kodaikanal, India	India (1947- ) United Kingdom (1901–1950)
Solar-T [pt]	2x7.6 cm	2016	Antarctica	Brazil	^[18]
Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope, Roque de los Muchachos Observatory	47.5 cm	1985–2000	La Palma, Spain	Sweden	Replaced by the SST
Gregory Coude Telescope (GCT)	45 cm^[1]	1984–2002	Tenerife, Spain (1984–2002)	Germany	Replaced by GREGOR^[19]^[1]
Evans Solar Facility (ESF), Sacramento Peak	40 cm	1953–2014	Sunspot Solar Observatory, Sunspot, New Mexico, United States	United States	^[20]
Göttinger Sonnenturm (Solar Tower Telescope)	2x15 cm 11 cm	1942–2004	Göttingen, Germany	Germany	65 cm-Coelostat by Zeiss, feeding light into several small light paths in tower
McMath-Hulbert Observatory	61 cm (24")	1941–1979	Michigan, United States	United States	Replaced the 10.5in in 1941
50-foot tower, McMath-Hulbert Observatory	40 cm	1936–1979	Michigan, United States	United States
10.5 inch, McMath-Hulbert Observatory	26.7 cm (10.5")	1930–1941	Michigan, United States	United States	Replaced by the 24 inch in 1941
Arcetri Solar Tower, Arcetri Observatory	37 cm	1925-2006	Arcetri, Italy	Italy

Name/Observatory	Aperture d.	Status	Location	Country(s)	Note
Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory (COSMO)	150 cm	proposed		United States	^[21]
National Large Solar Telescope (NLST)	200 cm	proposed^[22]	Merak Village, Ladakh, India	India
Chinese Giant Solar Telescope (CGST)	500–800 cm	planned	Western part of China	China	^[23]
European Solar Telescope (EST)	400+ cm	planned	Canary Islands	15 European countries^[24]	^[25]

Name/Observatory	Frequency range	Year(s)	Location	Country(s)	Note(s)
Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph (CSRH)	0.4 - 2.0 Ghz 2.0 - 15 GHz	2013 -	Inner Mongolia, China	China	40x 4.5m dishes - low freq band 60x 2m dishes - high freq band Radio imaging-spectroscopy observations of the Sun in decimetric and centimetric wavelengths^[26]
Nançay Radioheliographe (NRH), Nançay Radio Observatory	150–450 MHz		Sologne, Centre-Val de Loire, France	France	^[27]
Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array (EOVSA)	1–18 GHz		Sologne, Centre-Val de Loire, France	France	Previously known as the Owens Valley Solar Array (OVSA) before getting an expansion to upgrade its control system and increase the total number of antennas to 15.^[28]
Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH), Nobeyama Radio Observatory	17 and 34 GHz		Minamimaki, Nagano Prefecture, Japan	Japan	^[29]
Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters, Nobeyama Radio Observatory	1, 2, 3.75, 9.4, 17, 35, and 80 GHz		Minamimaki, Nagano Prefecture, Japan	Japan	^[30]
Siberian Solar Radio Telescope (SSRT)		1983–	Republic of Buryatia, Russia	Russia	^[31]
Solar Submillimeter Telescope (SST), Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito	212 and 405 GHz	1999–	San Juan Province, Argentina	Argentina	SST is the only solar submillimeter telescope currently in operation.^[32]
Polarization Emission of Millimeter Activity at the Sun (POEMAS), Complejo Astronomico El Leoncito	45 and 90 GHz	2011–	San Juan Province, Argentina	Argentina
Bleien Radio Observatory	10 MHz–5 GHz	1979–	Gränichen, Switzerland	Switzerland	^[33]
Radio Solar Telescope Network (RSTN)	245, 410, 610, 1415, 2695, 4975, 8800 and 15400 MHz		Australia; Italy; Massachusetts and Hawaii, United States	Australia, Italy, and United States	A series of four radio telescopes located at various locations around the world.^[33]^[34]
Daocheng Solar Radio Telescope	150-450 MHz	2023-	Sichuan province	China	313 parabolic antennas for detection of coronal mass ejection events. Operations started in 2023.^[35]
Mingantu interplanetary scintillation telescope	327 MHz and 654 MHz	2023-	Inner Mongolia	China	interplanetary scintillation telescope, consists of three rotatable cylindrical antennas (140 metres by 40 metres each).^[36]

List_of_solar_telescopes

List of solar telescopes

Ground telescopes

Optical telescopes

Potential future optical telescopes

Radio telescopes

Other types of solar telescopes

Further reading

See also

References

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