List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_2000s

List of sovereign states in the 2000s

List of sovereign states in the 2000s

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This is a list of sovereign states in the 2000s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2009. It contains 213 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 194 widely recognized sovereign states, 2 associated states, and 17 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de facto dependencies of other powers by the general international community.

Members or observers of the United Nations

More information Name and capital city, Status and recognition of sovereignty ...

Non-UN members or observers

More information Name and capital city, Information on status and recognition of sovereignty ...

Other entities

Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:

  • Antarctica as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims.[39] These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.[40]
  • European Union The European Union was a sui generis supranational organisation which had 15 (later 28) member states. The member states had transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
  • Kosovo was a territory that was nominally part of Serbia and Montenegro (until 2006) and then Serbia (from 2006 to 2008), but was under United Nations administration as part of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.[41]
  • Sovereign Military Order of Malta The Sovereign Military Order of Malta was a United Nations observer. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but has no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome.[42] The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions."[43] Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.
  • United Nations The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor was a transitional non-independent territory governed by the United Nations. It was neither sovereign nor under the sovereignty of any other state. It became the independent state of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

See also

Notes

  1. A transitional government for Afghanistan was appointed on 13 June 2002 by a loya jirga.[1]
  2. Afghanistan ratified a new constitution on 26 January 2004.[2]
  3. The Islamic State of Afghanistan was not recognized by Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, or the United Arab Emirates until 7 December 2001.
  4. The name "Argentine Nation" was also used for the purposes of legislation.
  5. 23 provinces: Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, Río Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán. 1 autonomous city: Buenos Aires.
  6. 6 states: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia. 3 territories: Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, Northern Territory.
  7. 9 states: Burgenland, Carinthia, Lower Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol, Upper Austria, Vorarlberg, Vienna.
  8. Bahrain enacted a new constitution on 14 February 2002. Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah, the Emir of Bahrain, was declared a King.[4]
  9. 3 communities: Flemish Community, French Community, German-speaking Community. 3 Regions: Brussels-Capital Region, Flanders, Wallonia.
  10. 10 cantons: Bosnian-Podrinje, Canton 10, Central Bosnia, Herzegovina-Neretva, Posavina, Sarajevo, Tuzla, Una-Sana, West Herzegovina, Zenica-Doboj.
  11. 26 states: Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins. 1 federal district: Federal District.
  12. 10 provinces: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland (renamed Newfoundland and Labrador on 6 December 2001), Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan. 3 territories: Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon.
  13. Was not recognized by Turkey or Northern Cyprus.
  14. Also known as "Timor-Leste".
  15. 9 regions: Afar, Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambela, Harari, Oromiya, Somali, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, Tigray. 2 chartered cities: Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa.
  16. 16 states: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringia
  17. 28 states: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh (from 1 November 2000), Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand (from 15 November 2000), Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal (from 9 November 2000, renamed Uttarakhand in 2007), West Bengal. 7 union territories: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep, National Capital Territory of Delhi, Pondicherry (spelled Puducherry from 2006).
  18. Iraq was administered from 21 April 2003 to 28 June 2004 by the United States, the United Kingdom, and other member states of the Multinational force in Iraq.[10]
  19. Ireland also had the legal description of "Republic of Ireland", although this was not its constitutional name.
  20. Israel was not recognized by Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Chad, Cuba, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, or Yemen.
  21. North Korea was not recognized by Estonia, France, Japan, or South Korea.
  22. South Korea was not recognized by North Korea.
  23. Provisionally referred to by the UN and a number of states and international organizations as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia", see Macedonia naming dispute.
  24. 13 states: Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Penang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu. 3 federal territories: Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, Putrajaya (from 1 February 2001).
  25. 31 states: Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatán, Zacatecas. 1 federal district: Federal District.
  26. 4 states: Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Yap.
  27. Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on 3 June 2006.[11]
  28. The Republic of Montenegro adopted a new constitution on 22 October 2007, shortening its official name to "Montenegro".[12]
  29. Commonly known in English as "Burma".
  30. 36 states: Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara. 1 federal territory: Federal Capital Territory.
  31. 4 provinces: Balochistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, Sindh. 4 territories: Azad Kashmir, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Islamabad Capital Territory, Northern Areas (renamed Gilgit-Baltistan on 29 August 2009).
  32. 21 republics: Adygea, Altai, Bashkortostan, Buryatia, Chechnya, Chuvash Republic, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia, Karachay–Cherkessia, Karelia, Khakassia, Komi, Mari El, Mordovia, North Ossetia–Alania, Sakha, Tatarstan, Tuva, Udmurtia. 49 oblasts: Amur, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Chita (to 1 March 2008), Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kamchatka (to 1 July 2007), Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Oryol, Penza, Perm (to 1 December 2005), Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan, Sakhalin, Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk, Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver, Tyumen, Ulyanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl. 9 krais: Altai, Kamchatka (from 1 July 2007), Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Perm (from 1 December 2005), Primorsky, Stavropol, Zabaykalsky (from 1 March 2008). 2 federal cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg. 1 autonomous oblast: Jewish Autonomous Oblast. 10 autonomous okrugs: Agin-Buryatia (to 1 March 2008), Chukotka, Evenkia (to 1 January 2007), Khanty–Mansi, Koryakia (to 1 July 2007), Nenetsia, Permyakia (to 1 December 2005), Taymyria (to 1 January 2007), Ust-Orda Buryatia (to 1 January 2008), Yamalia.
  33. On 26 May 2003, Rwanda adopted a new constitution, changing its official French name from "République rwandaise" to "République du Rwanda".[15][16] The former name can be translated into English as "Rwandese Republic",[17] "Rwandan Republic",[18] or "Republic of Rwanda".[19] The official name in Kinyarwanda has always been "Republika y'u Rwanda".
  34. 2 islands: Saint Kitts, Nevis. 14 parishes: Christ Church Nichola Town (Saint Kitts), Saint Anne Sandy Point (Saint Kitts), Saint George Basseterre (Saint Kitts), Saint George Gingerland (Nevis), Saint James Windward (Nevis), Saint John Capesterre (Saint Kitts), Saint John Figtree (Nevis), Saint Mary Cayon (Saint Kitts), Saint Paul Capisterre (Saint Kitts), Saint Paul Charlestown (Nevis), Saint Peter Basseterre (Saint Kitts), Saint Thomas Lowland (Nevis), Saint Thomas Middle Island (Saint Kitts), Trinity Palmetto Point (Saint Kitts)
  35. The Serbian parliament declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on 5 June 2006, ending the union.[20]
  36. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia reconstituted itself as Serbia and Montenegro on 4 February 2003.[21]
  37. The Transitional National Government of Somalia adopted a Federal Charter on 16 July 2000.[22]
  38. 17 autonomous communities: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Balearic Islands, Basque Country, Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castile-La Mancha, Castile and León, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, La Rioja, Valencian Community. 2 autonomous cities: Ceuta, Melilla.
  39. 26 states: Blue Nile, Central Equatoria, Eastern Equatoria, Al Jazirah, Jonglei, Kassala, Khartoum, Lakes, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, North Darfur, North Kurdufan, Northern, Al Qadarif, Red Sea, River Nile, Sennar, South Darfur, South Kurdufan, Unity, Upper Nile, Western Equatoria, Western Bahr el Ghazal, West Darfur, West Kurdufan (to 16 August 2005), White Nile, Warrap.
  40. 26 Cantons: Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Bern, Fribourg, Geneva, Glarus, Graubünden, Jura, Lucerne, Neuchâtel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, St. Gallen, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zürich.
  41. 7 emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Qaiwain.
  42. 50 states: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. 1 federal district: District of Columbia. 1 incorporated territory: Palmyra Atoll.
  43. After being installed as interim president of Venezuela on 14 April 2002, Pedro Carmona issued a decree which voided the 1999 constitution.[23]
  44. Hugo Chávez returned to power on 13 April 2002 and restored the Constitution of Venezuela.[24]
  45. 23 states: Amazonas, Anzoátegui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Falcón, Guárico, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Táchira, Trujillo, Vargas, Yaracuy, Zulia. 1 federal district: Capital District. 1 federal dependency: Federal Dependencies.
  46. Abkhazia was recognized by South Ossetia (from 19 September 2005), Transnistria (from 17 November 2006), Russia (from 26 August 2008), Nicaragua (from 5 September 2008), Venezuela (from 10 September 2009), and Nauru (from 15 December 2009).
  47. Kandahar, the last major city under Taliban control, fell to the Islamic State of Afghanistan on 7 December 2001.[25]
  48. Grozny fell to the Russians on 6 February 2000, ending the de facto independence of Chechnya.[28]
  49. Kosovo unilaterally declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008.[31]
  50. See the following on statehood criteria:
    • Mendes, Errol (30 March 2010), Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute (PDF), 30 March 2010, pp. 28, 33, retrieved 2011-04-17: "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognized Palestine as a State should easily fulfill the requisite state practice".
    • McKinney, Kathryn M. (1994), "The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine", Seattle University Law Review, 18 (93), Seattle University: 97, archived from the original on 2011-07-22, retrieved 2011-04-17: "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory".
    • McDonald, Avril (Spring 2009), "Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute", Human Rights Brief, 25, Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, retrieved 2011-04-17: "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."
  51. South Ossetia was recognized by Abkhazia (from 19 September 2005), Transnistria (from 17 November 2006), Russia (from 26 August 2008), Nicaragua (from 5 September 2008), Venezuela (from 10 September 2009), and Nauru (from 16 December 2009).
  52. Transnistria was recognized by Abkhazia (from 17 November 2006) and South Ossetia (from 17 November 2006).

References

  1. [1]
    "Traditional Council Elects Karzai as Afghan President - New York Times". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 January 2013.
  2. [2]
    "President Office |CONSTITUTION". Archived from the original on 2010-11-27. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
  3. [3]
    Armenia was not recognized by Pakistan.
  4. [4]
    Constitution of the Kingdom of Bahrain (2002)
  5. [5]
    Bolivia enacted a new constitution on 7 February 2009, changing the official name of the state. Archived 2012-01-24 at the Wayback Machine
  6. [6]
    The People's Republic of China and the Republic of China did not recognize each other, as both states claimed to be the sole legitimate government of China. The following states recognized the ROC instead of the PRC: Belize, Burkina Faso, Chad (to 6 August 2006), Costa Rica (to 1 June 2007), Dominica (to 31 March 2004), Dominican Republic, El Salvador, the Gambia, Guatemala, Grenada (to 20 January 2005), Haiti, Honduras, Kiribati (from 29 November 2003), Malawi (to 28 December 2007), Marshall Islands, Nauru (to 21 July 2002 and then again from 31 May 2005), Nicaragua, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia (5 May 2007), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal (to 25 October 2005), Solomon Islands, Swaziland, Tuvalu, and Vatican City. Until 11 October 2003, Liberia recognized both the ROC and the PRC, which led to the PRC severing diplomatic relations. After 11 October 2003, Liberia only recognized the PRC.
  7. [7]
    .za/hr_docs/constitutions/docs/ComorosC%20(english%20summary)(rev).doc The Comoros adopted a new constitution on 23 December 2001
  8. [8]
    Owing to a dispute over lands seized during World War II, Liechtenstein did not recognize the Czech Republic or Slovakia, and neither country recognized Liechtenstein. Liechtenstein established diplomatic relations with the Czech Republic on 13 July 2009 and with Slovakia on 9 December 2009.
  9. [9]
    Timor-Leste declared independence from United Nations administration on 20 May 2002.
  10. [10]
    "2004: US transfers power back to Iraq". 28 June 2004.
  11. [11]
    "Montenegro declares independence". 4 June 2006.
  12. [12]
    "Refworld | Montenegro: Constitution of Montenegro".
  13. [13]
    Nepal adopted an interim constitution on 15 January 2007, changing its official name to "State of Nepal" "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-19. Retrieved 2012-02-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. [14]
    The Nepalese monarchy was formally abolished on 28 May 2008
  15. [15]
    "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-22. Retrieved 2006-08-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. [16]
    "Constitution rwandaise du 10 juin 1991, Digithèque MJP".
  17. [17]
    CIA World Fact Book, 2004/"Rwanda"
  18. [18]
    "Rwanda".
  19. [19]
    "The 1996 CIA World Factbook page on Rwanda".
  20. [20]
    "Montenegro gets Serb recognition". 15 June 2006.
  21. [21]
    "Yugoslavia consigned to history". 4 February 2003.
  22. [22]
    "Interim Charter adopted". 17 July 2000.
  23. [23]
    "Interim Venezuelan president sworn in". 13 April 2002.
  24. [24]
    "Venezuelan Coup President Gains Asylum, Leaves for Colombia".
  25. [25]
    "The United States Army in Afghanistan: Operation Enduring Freedom". www.history.army.mil. Archived from the original on 2010-02-01.
  26. [26]
    The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was recognized by Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
  27. [27]
    Anjouan and Moheli became autonomous islands of the Comoros after a referendum on 10 March 2002.
  28. [28]
    "BBC News | EUROPE | Putin: 'Grozny liberated'".
  29. [29]
    Chechnya was recognized by the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
  30. [30]
    Only recognized by Albania.
  31. [31]
    http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/02/17/kosovo.independence/index.doc
  32. [32]
    Kosovo was recognized by Afghanistan (from 18 February 2008), Albania (from 18 February 2008), Australia (from 19 February 2008), Austria (from 28 February 2008), Bahrain (from 19 May 2009), Belgium (from 24 February 2008), Belize (from 7 August 2008), Bulgaria (from 20 March 2008), Burkina Faso (from 24 April 2008), Canada (from 18 March 2008), Colombia (from 6 August 2008), Comoros (from 14 May 2009), Costa Rica (from 18 February 2008), Croatia (from 19 March 2008), the Czech Republic (from 21 May 2008), Denmark (from 21 February 2008), Dominican Republic (from 10 July 2009), Estonia (from 21 February 2008), Finland (from 7 March 2008), France (from 18 February 2008), the Gambia (from 7 April 2009), Germany (from 20 February 2008), Hungary (from 19 March 2008), Iceland (from 5 March 2008), Ireland (from 29 February 2008), Italy (from 21 February 2008), Japan (from 18 March 2008), Jordan (from 7 July 2009), Latvia (from 20 February 2008), Liberia (from 30 May 2008), Liechtenstein (from 25 March 2008), Lithuania (from 6 May 2008), Luxembourg (from 21 February 2008), Macedonia (from 9 October 2008), Malawi (from 14 December 2009), Malaysia (from 31 October 2008), Maldives (from 19 February 2009), Malta (from 21 August 2008), Marshall Islands (from 17 April 2008), Federated States of Micronesia (from 5 December 2008), Monaco (from 19 March 2008), Montenegro (from 9 October 2008), Nauru (from 23 April 2008), Netherlands (from 4 March 2008), New Zealand (from 9 November 2009), Norway (from 28 March 2008), Palau (from 6 March 2009), Panama (from 16 January 2009), Peru (from 22 February 2008), Poland (from 26 February 2008), Portugal (from 7 October 2008), the Republic of China (from 18 February 2008), Samoa (from 15 September 2008), San Marino (from 11 May 2008), Saudi Arabia (from 20 April 2000), Senegal (from 19 February 2008), Sierra Leone (from 13 June 2008), Slovenia (from 5 March 2008), South Korea (from 28 March 2008), Sweden (from 4 March 2008), Switzerland (from 27 February 2008), Turkey (from 18 February 2008), the United Arab Emirates (from 14 October 2008), the United Kingdom (from 18 February 2008), and the United States (from 18 February 2008).
  33. [33]
    Northern Cyprus was recognized only by Turkey.
  34. [34]
    Puntland's "temporary independence" came to an end on 1 July 2001, when it adopted a new constitution and declared itself to be an integral part of Somalia. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-04-24. Retrieved 2010-05-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  35. [35]
    the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic was recognized by Afghanistan (to 12 July 2002), Albania (to 11 November 2004), Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Burundi (to 5 May 2006 and then again from 17 June 2008), Cambodia, Cape Verde (to 30 July 2007), Chad (from 17 July 2007), Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador (to 19 June 2004 and then again from 8 February 2006), Ethiopia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau (from 30 May 2009), Guyana, Haiti (from 23 November 2006), Honduras, India (to 26 June 2000), Iran, Jamaica, Kenya (to 22 October 2006), Kiribati (to 15 September 2000), Laos, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Mali, Malawi (to 16 September 2008), Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru (to 15 September 2000), Nicaragua (to 21 July 2000 then again 12 January 2007), Nigeria, North Korea, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay (from 9 February 2000), Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (from 14 February 2002), Seychelles (to 17 April 2008), Sierra Leone, South Africa (from 15 September 2004), Suriname, Syria, Tanzania, Timor-Leste (from 20 May 2002), Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu (to 15 September 2000), Uganda, Uruguay (from 28 December 2005), Vanuatu (to November 2000 and then again from August 2008), Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
  36. [36]
    Mongolia–Taiwan relations
  37. [37]
    "Maps and list of administrative divisions covering above places were published until 2005." History of the administrative divisions of China (1912–49)
  38. [38]
    Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam defeated in the Sri Lankan Civil War
  39. [39]
    Rogan-Finnemore, Michelle (2005), "What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean", in Von Tigerstrom, Barbara (ed.), International Law Issues in the South Pacific, Ashgate Publishing, p. 204, ISBN 0-7546-4419-7 "Australia, New Zealand, France, Norway and the United Kingdom reciprocally recognize the validity of each other's claims."
  40. [40]
    CIA – the World Factbook – Antarctica – accessed 19 January 2008
  41. [41]
    "BBC - History - World Wars: Yugoslavia: 1918 - 2003".
  42. [42]
    Bilateral relations with countries Archived 2008-06-26 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved 2009-12-22
  43. [43]
    Chapter General of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (1998-01-12). Constitutional Charter and Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, promulgated 27 June 1961, revised by the Extraordinary Chapter General 28–30 April 1997, Article 3 "Sovereignty," Paragraph 1 (PDF). Rome: Tipografia Arte della Stampa. p. 11.
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