List_of_volcanic_eruptions_by_death_toll
Volcanic eruptions can be highly explosive. Some volcanoes have undergone catastrophic eruptions, killing large numbers of humans or other life forms. This list documents volcanic eruptions by human death toll.
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- "What is the largest eruption ever? | Volcano World | Oregon State University". volcano.oregonstate.edu. Archived from the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
- "Galunggung | Volcano World | Oregon State University". volcano.oregonstate.edu. 25 October 2010.
- "Papandayan". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
- Simkin, T.; Siebert, L. (1994). "Fatalities and Evacuations". Volcanoes of the World (2nd ed.). Tucson, Arizona: Geoscience Press. pp. 163–176. ISBN 978-0-945005-12-4.
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- Higgins, M.D. (2009). "The Cascadia megathrust earthquake of 1700 may have rejuvenated an isolated basalt volcano in western Canada: Age and petrographic evidence". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 179 (1–2): 149–156. Bibcode:2009JVGR..179..149H. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.10.016.
- "St. Vincent volcano is now less active (1902)". The Fort Wayne Sentinel. 26 May 1902. p. 1. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
- Subramanian, Archana (18 February 2016). "Firing the sky". The Hindu. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
- Zijlstra, Albert (30 June 2017). "The winter of Huaynaputina". volcanocafe.org. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
- "A Look Inside Mount Merapi". Live Science. 8 November 2010.
- "Taal Volcano". Volcano Live. John Seach.
- "Eruption of the Gamalama volcano". earthquake-report.com. 7 December 2011. Archived from the original on 12 February 2012.
- "BBC:On this day: November 13: 1985: Volcano kills thousands in Colombia". British Broadcasting Corporation. 13 November 1985. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
- McKee, C. O.; Johnson, R. W.; Lowenstein, P. L.; Riley, S. J.; Blong, R. J.; De Saint Ours, P.; Talai, B. (February 1985). "Rabaul Caldera". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 23 (3): 195–237. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(85)90035-6.
- "Hibok-Hibok Volcano". Volcano Live. John Seach.
- "Hibok-Hibok at Camiguin Philippines". Bohol Philippines.
- "Mayon Volcano, Philippines". Volcano Live. John Seach.
- "Ecuador Volcanoes". World Data.
- "L'eruzione del 1906". Vesuvius Observatory (in Italian).
- Paredes, Enrique; Morales, Sergio (4 July 2018). "Conred cifra en 332 el número de desaparecidos por erupción volcánica" [Conred: 332 the number of missing due to volcanic eruption]. Prensa Libre. Guatemala. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- ja:十勝岳#噴火史#大正噴火 Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- "Dieng Volcanic Complex". Oregon State University. 29 September 2010.
- "Arenal Volcano 1968 eruption". Arenal.net. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
- Rizzo, Andrea Luca; Caracausi, Antonio; Chavagnac, Valèrie; Nomikou, Paraskevi; Polymenakou, Paraskevi N.; Mandalakis, Manolis; Kotoulas, Georgios; Magoulas, Antonios; Castillo, Alain; Lampridou, Danai (17 June 2016). "Kolumbo submarine volcano (Greece): An active window into the Aegean subduction system". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 28013. Bibcode:2016NatSR...628013R. doi:10.1038/srep28013. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4911562. PMID 27311383.
- "Mount Merapi". Britannica. The editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- "Japan's Sakurajima volcano due for major eruption within 30 years, say scientists". BBC News. 14 September 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
- "Mount Unzen". Britannica. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Accessed 17 July 2022
- "66. Beyonesu (Bayonnaise) Rocks (including Myojinsho)" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
- "Rinjani Volcano". Volcano Live. John Seach.
- "Villarrica volcano, Chile". Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences.
- Sansivero, Fabio. "Osservatorio Vesuviano - Monte Nuovo". www.ov.ingv.it (in Italian). Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- "Villarrica volcano, Chile". Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences.
- "Indonesian volcano Mount Sinabung eruption causes 16 deaths". The Independent. 2 February 2014.
- "Villarrica volcano, Chile". Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences.
- ingvvulcani (12 September 2019). "Una tragica estate. L'eruzione dell'Etna del 1979". INGVvulcani (in Italian). Retrieved 7 November 2021.
- "Kuchinoerabu-jima volcano eruptions". Volcano Discovery. Dr. Tom Pfeiffer.
- "Volcano erupts off Yemen, soldiers killed". Reuters. 1 October 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- "Karangetang [Api Siau]". 24 April 2011.
- "Gamalama Volcano". Volcano Live. John Seach.
- Di Roberto, A.; Bertagnini, A.; Pompilio, M.; Bisson, M. (15 May 2014). "Pyroclastic density currents at Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy): a case study of the 1930 eruption". Bulletin of Volcanology. 76 (6): 827. Bibcode:2014BVol...76..827D. doi:10.1007/s00445-014-0827-5. ISSN 1432-0819. S2CID 129565883.
- "Death toll climbs to 3 from Guatemala volcano". CNN. 28 May 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
- "Canlaon Volcano Eruption". aenet.org. Retrieved 13 December 2015.
- "2 Killed as Volcano Erupts in El Salvador". Los Angeles Times. 2 October 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- "Javan volcano eruption kills two". BBC News. 8 June 2004. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
- "Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico): one fatality and two injured after being hit by rock during eruption". www.volcanodiscovery.com. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- "Stromboli: One dead as volcano erupts on Italian island". BBC News. 3 July 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
- "One dead as Chilean volcano spews ash for third day". Uk.reuters.com. 4 May 2008. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
- "Fate dealt eruption victim unlucky hand". NZ Herald. 21 March 2006. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
- "Deadly Gases". Oregon State University. 14 April 2010.
- "Which Way The Wind Blows – The Reykjavik Grapevine". The Reykjavik Grapevine. 26 September 2014.
- Williams Jr., R.S.; Moore, J.G. (1983). Man Against Volcano: The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland (PDF) (2nd ed.). USGS. p. 11.