List_of_wars_by_death_toll

List of wars by death toll

List of wars by death toll

Add article description

This list of wars by death toll includes all deaths that are either directly or indirectly caused by the war. These numbers usually include the deaths of military personnel which are the direct results of battle or other military wartime actions, as well as the wartime/war-related deaths of civilians which are the results of war-induced epidemics, famines, atrocities, genocide, etc.

Pre-modern (before 1500 AD)

Ancient wars (before 500 AD)

More information War, Death range ...

Note 1: The geometric mean is the middle of the quoted range, taken by multiplying together the endpoints and then taking the square root.

Medieval wars (500–1500 AD)

Note: the identity of a single "war" cannot be reliably given in some cases, and some "wars" can be taken to last over more than a human lifetime, e.g. "Reconquista" (711–1492, 781 years) "Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent" (12th to 16th c., 500 years) "Crusades" (ten or more campaigns during the period 1095–1291, 196 years), "Mongol invasions and conquests" (1206–1368, 162 years), "early Muslim conquests" (622–750, 128 years), "Hundred Years' War" (1337–1453, 116 years).

More information War, Deaths range ...

Modern

Modern (1500 AD–present) wars with greater than 25,000 deaths

More information War, Deaths range ...

Modern wars with fewer than 25,000 deaths by death toll

Charts and graphs

Bubble chart of wars over 1.5M deaths.

See also

Notes

  1. One estimate placed total Spanish deaths from all causes at 18,000. The fatal losses among the Dominican insurgents were estimated at 4,000.[31]
  2. One author estimates Mexican casualties at 1,000 dead, 700 prisoners, and 400 wounded. Desertion and noncombat deaths would significantly increase these numbers. The Texans lost about 600 killed and 350 wounded.
  3. See[215][216][217][218][219]
  4. See[224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234]

References

  1. [1]
    Peers, Chris, (1998). Warlords of China, 700 BC to AD 1662, (London: Arms and Armour), p 59.
  2. [2]
    White, Matthew. "Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era". Necrometrics.
  3. [3]
    Estimated at "several millions." Alföldy, Géza, (1975). The Social History of Rome, (London & Sydney: Johns Hopkins University Press), p 91.
  4. [4]
    "Atrocity statistics from the Roman Era". users.erols.com.
  5. [5]
    "The Jewish Roman Wars". www.jewishwikipedia.info. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
  6. [6]
    Robert B. Marks (2011). China: Its Environment and History (World Social Change). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1442212756.
  7. [7]
    Graziella Caselli (2005). Demography – Analysis and Synthesis: A Treatise in Population. Academic Press. ISBN 012765660X.
  8. [8]
    Kabha, Mustafa (2023). "The Fall of Al-Andalus and the Evolution of its Memory in Modern Arab-Muslim Historiography". The Maghreb Review. 48 (3): 289–303. doi:10.1353/tmr.2023.a901468. ISSN 2754-6772.
  9. [9]
    Book of Sui. 636.
  10. [10]
    White, Matthew. "Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century". Necrometrics. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
  11. [11]
    "귀주대첩 [네이버 지식백과] 귀주대첩 [龜州大捷] (두산백과)". Naver. Retrieved 4 July 2013.
  12. [12]
    Chapuis, Oscar (1995). A History of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 77. ISBN 0-313-29622-7.
  13. [13]
    Xu Zizhi Tongjian Changbian《長編》卷三百上載出師兵員“死者二十萬”，“上曰：「朝廷以交址犯順，故興師討罪，郭逵不能剪滅，垂成而還。今廣源瘴癘之地，我得之未為利，彼失之未為害，一夫不獲，朕尚閔之，况十死五六邪？」又安南之師，死者二十萬，朝廷當任其咎。《續資治通鑑長編·卷三百》”。 《越史略》載廣西被殺者“無慮十萬”。 《玉海》卷一九三上稱“兵夫三十萬人冒暑涉瘴地，死者過半”。
  14. [14]
    Robertson, John M., "A Short History of Christianity" (1902) p.278. Cited by White
  15. [15]
    White, Matthew. "Crusades (1095-1291)". Necrometrics.
  16. [16]
    "Massacre of the Pure". Time. April 28, 1961. Archived from the original on January 20, 2008.
  17. [17]
    McEvedy, Colin; Jones, Richard M. (1978). Atlas of World Population History. New York, NY: Puffin. p. 172. ISBN 9780140510768.
  18. [18]
    Ping-ti Ho, "An Estimate of the Total Population of Sung-Chin China", in Études Song, Series 1, No 1, (1970) pp. 33–53.
  19. [19]
    White, Matthew. "Mongol Conquests". Necrometrics. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
  20. [20]
    White, Matthew. "Twentieth Century Atlas – Historical Body Count". Necrometrics.
  21. [21]
    White, Matthew. "Timur Lenk (1369–1405)". Necrometrics. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
  22. [22]
    White, Matthew. "Miscellaneous Oriental Atrocities". Necrometrics. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
  23. [23]
    "War Statistics – Death Tolls, Length, and More". Archived from the original on 10 March 2017.
  24. [24]
    "De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios". remilitari.com.
  25. [25]
    Jaime Jaramillo Uribe (1989). Ensayos de historia social: La sociedad neogranadina. Santa Fe de Bogotá: Tercer Mundo, pp. 87. ISBN 978-9-58601-236-2.
  26. [26]
    https://www.banrep.gov.co/sites/default/files/paginas/lbr_colonial_graficos3.pdf
  27. [27]
    Nash (1976). Darkest Hours. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781590775264.
  28. [28]
    White, Matthew. "Peasants' War, Germany (1524-25)". Necrometrics.
  29. [29]
    Knecht, Robert J. (2002). The French Religious Wars 1562–1598. Osprey Publishing. pp. 91. ISBN 9781841763958.
  30. [30]
    Carlton, Charles (2011-11-22). This Seat of Mars: War and the British Isles, 1485-1746. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300180886.
  31. [31]
    Clodfelter, M (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015, 4th ed. McFarland.
  32. [32]
    Jones, Geo H. (1899). "The Japanese Invasion of Korea — 1592" (PDF). The China Review. 23 (5): 234. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-07-10. Retrieved 2018-05-13. Thus ended for a time one of the bloodiest wars in history. During the two years and more the loss of life was frightful; nothing remains upon which to base a reliable estimate, but the War Monument at Kiuto, and the accounts of such battles as Kyong-chu, Choung-chu, Haing chu, the Im Chiu River, Pyongyang, Yenan, the massacre at Söul, Ulsan and Chiu-chu, and fifty other engagements would make a million lives a conservative estimate.
  33. [33]
    McFarlane, Alan: The Savage Wars of Peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian Trap, Blackwell 2003, ISBN 0-631-18117-2, ISBN 978-0-631-18117-0 – cited by White
  34. [34]
    White, Matthew. "The Thirty Years War (1618-48)". Necrometrics.
  35. [35]
    Carlton 2002, p. 211.
  36. [36]
    Carlton 2002, p. 212.
  37. [37]
    Carlton 2002, p. 213.
  38. [38]
    Grabieże szwedzkie w Polsce (1). Przyczyny, charakterystyka i skutki
  39. [39]
    Matthew White (2011). Atrocitology: Humanity's 100 Deadliest Achievements. Canongate Books. p. 113. ISBN 9780857861252.
  40. [40]
    Matthew White (2011), Aurangzeb - in Atrocities: The 100 Deadliest Episodes in Human History, W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN 978-0393081923
  41. [41]
    Levy, Jack S (1983). War in the Modern Great Power System: 1495 to 1975. University Press of Kentucky. Page 90.
  42. [42]
    White, Matthew. "Northern War (1700-21)". Necrometrics.
  43. [43]
    Walpole, Horace (2015). Delphi Complete Works of Horace Walpole (Illustrated). We have already lost seven millions of money and thirty thousand men in the Spanish war and all the fruit of all this blood and treasure is the glory of having Admiral Vernon's head on alehouse signs!
  44. [44]
    P. J. Marshall (2006). Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern India 1740-1828. Cambridge University Press. p. 73. ISBN 9780521028226.
  45. [45]
    Kirti N. Chaudhuri (2006). The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company: 1660-1760. Cambridge University Press. p. 253. ISBN 9780521031592.
  46. [46]
    Peckham, Howard H., ed. (1974). The Toll of Independence: Engagements and Battle Casualties of the American Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  47. [47]
    Dawson, Warrington. "The 2112 Frenchmen who died in the United States from 1777 to 1783 while fighting for the American Independence". Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route. Journal de la societe des Americanistes. Archived from the original on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  48. [48]
    "Spanish casualties in The American Revolutionary war". Necrometrics.
  49. [49]
    Annual Register, 1783 (1785), pp. 199–200.
  50. [50]
    "De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios". remilitari.com.
  51. [51]
    "Shaka: Zulu Chieftain". HistoryNet.com. June 12, 2006.
  52. [52]
    Hanson, Victor (18 December 2007). Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-42518-8.
  53. [53]
    Walter, Eugene Victor (1969). Terror and resistance: a study of political violence, with case studies of some primitive African communities. Oxford University Press.
  54. [54]
    Wright, John; Cobbing, Julian (1988-09-12). "The Mfecane: Beginning the inquest". Wits Institutional Repository African Studies Institute - Seminar Papers.
  55. [55]
    Jalata, Asafa (2016). Phases of Terrorism in the Age of Globalization: From Christopher Columbus to Osama bin Laden. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 92–3. ISBN 978-1-137-55234-1. Within the first three decades, the French military massacred between half a million to one million from approximately three million Algerian people.
  56. [56]
    Kiernan, Ben (2007). Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and Extermination from Sparta to Darfur. Yale University Press. pp. 364–ff. ISBN 978-0-300-10098-3. In Algeria, colonization and genocidal massacres proceeded in tandem. From 1830 to 1847, its European settler population quadrupled to 104,000. Of the native Algerian population of approximately 3 million in 1830, about 500,000 to 1 million perished in the first three decades of French conquest.
  57. [57]
    Bennoune, Mahfoud (2002-08-22). The Making of Contemporary Algeria, 1830-1987. Cambridge University Press. p. 42. ISBN 9780521524322.
  58. [58]
    "Nineteenth Century Death Tolls". necrometrics.com.
  59. [59]
    Gruhl, Werner (2007). Imperial Japan's World War Two: 1931 - 1945. Transaction Publishers. p. 181. ISBN 9780765803528.
  60. [60]
    Cao, Shuji (2001). Zhongguo Renkou Shi [A History of China's Population] (in Chinese). Shanghai: Fudan Daxue Chubanshe. pp. 455, 509.
  61. [61]
    Hans Bielenstein. Chinese historical demography A.D. 2-1982. Östasiatiska museet. p 17
  62. [62]
    Ramesh, Randeep (24 August 2007). "India's secret history: 'A holocaust, one where millions disappeared...'". The Guardian.
  63. [63]
    Recounting the dead, Associate Professor J. David Hacker, "estimates, based on Census data, indicate that the death toll was at least 750,000, and may have been as high as 850,000" (study refers only to military casualties)
  64. [64]
    James M. McPherson, "Battle Cry of Freedom", Oxford University Press, Oct 24, 2003, page 619. "Suffering and death were widespread, nevertheless, and a fair estimate of war-related civilian deaths might total 50,000".
  65. [65]
    Professor James Downs. "Color blindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". Oxford University Press, April 13th 2012. "An 2 April 2012 New York Times article, "New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll," reports that a new study ratchets up the death toll from an estimated 650,000 to a staggering 850,000 people. As horrific as this new number is, it fails to reflect the mortality of former slaves during the war. If former slaves were included in this figure, the Civil War death toll would likely be over a million casualties... the rough 19th century estimate was that 60,000 former slaves died from [war-related diseases and starvation], but doctors treating black patients often claimed that they were unable to keep accurate records due to demands on their time and the lack of manpower and resources... tens of thousands of other slaves who died had no contact with army doctors, leaving no records of their deaths".
  66. [66]
    Doratioto, Francisco (2003). Maldita guerra: nova história da Guerra do Paraguai. Companhia das Letras. pp. 445–446. ISBN 978-85-359-0224-2. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  67. [67]
    Foner, Philip S. (1989). Antonio Maceo: The "Bronze Titan" of Cuba's Struggle for Independence. NYU Press. p. 21. With reinforcements and guidance from the Dominicans, the rebels defeated Spanish detachments, cut railway lines, and gained dominance over vast sections of the eastern portion of the island.
  68. [68]
    Vickers, Adrian (2005). A History of Modern Indonesia. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 13. ISBN 0-521-54262-6.
  69. [69]
    http://guerraalvg.blogspot.com/ | In Spanish, “Guerra de los Mil Dias”
  70. [70]
    BBC (14 August 2012). "Colombia Timeline". Retrieved 11 May 2016.
  71. [71]
    "South African War". Encyclopedia Britannica. December 11, 2017.
  72. [72]
    Gates, John M. (August 1984). "War-Related Deaths in the Philippines, 1898-1902". Pacific Historical Review. 53 (3): 367–378. doi:10.2307/3639234. JSTOR 3639234. PMID 11635503.
  73. [73]
    McCaa, Robert (2001). "Missing Millions: The human cost of the Mexican Revolution, 1910–1921".
  74. [74]
    "Russian Civil War". Spartacus-Educational.com. Archived from the original on 2010-12-05. Retrieved 2019-02-26.
  75. [75]
    "Iran/Kurds (1943-present)". Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
  76. [76]
    White, Matthew. "Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls". Necrometrics.
  77. [77]
    Lortz, Michael G. (2005). Willing to Face Death: A History of Kurdish Military Forces — the Peshmerga — from the Ottoman Empire to Present-Day Iraq (MA). Florida State University. OCLC 64130374. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
  78. [78]
    "De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios". remilitari.com.
  79. [79]
    White, Matthew. "Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls". Necrometrics. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  80. [80]
    Shinn, David H.; Ofcansky, Thomas P. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. p. 234. ISBN 9780810874572.
  81. [81]
    "Secondary Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century". Necrometrics.
  82. [82]
    Anderson, Duncan (2011-02-17). "World Wars: Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan". BBC.
  83. [83]
    Jones, Howard (1989). A New Kind of War. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195045819.
  84. [84]
    Edgar O'Ballance, The Greek Civil War : 1944–1949 (1966)
  85. [85]
    T. Lomperis, From People's War to People's Rule (1996)
  86. [86]
    "B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson, International Conflict : A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management 1945–1995 (1997)
  87. [87]
    "Modern Conflicts Database: Alternative Estimates for Death Tolls" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-11.
  88. [88]
    "Vital Statistics: Total Casualties, Arab-Israeli Conflict (1860–Present)". Jewish Virtual Library.
  89. [89]
    Lacina, Bethany (September 2009). "The PRIO Battle Deaths Dataset, 1946-2008, Version 3.0" (PDF). Peace Research Institute Oslo. pp. 359–362. Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  90. [90]
    France remembers the Algerian War, 50 years on France 24
  91. [91]
    "Chronological Index of Wars and Conflicts from 1950 to 1959". www.onwar.com.
  92. [92]
    Hirschman, Charles; Preston, Samuel; Vu Manh Loi (December 1995). "Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate" (PDF). Population and Development Review. 21 (4): 783. doi:10.2307/2137774. JSTOR 2137774.
  93. [93]
    Shenon, Philip (23 April 1995). "20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
  94. [94]
    Obermeyer, Ziad; Murray, Christopher J L; Gakidou, Emmanuela (26 June 2008). "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme". BMJ. 336 (7659): 1482–6. doi:10.1136/bmj.a137. PMC 2440905. PMID 18566045. From 1955 to 2002, data from the surveys indicated an estimated 5.4 million violent war deaths ... 3.8 million in Vietnam.
  95. [95]
    Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2014). Statecraft and Nation Building in Africa: A Post-colonial Study. Dar es Salaam: New Africa Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-9987-16-039-6.
  96. [96]
    "Yemen's First Civil War Offers Lessons for Ending the Country's Current Conflict". 21 April 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  97. [97]
    White, Matthew. "Mozambique, Anti-colonial war (1961-1975)". Necrometrics. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
  98. [98]
    Dear, John (October 2, 2010). "Georgetown Welcomes Colombia's Ex-Pres. Uribe". Archived from the original on 2010-11-13. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
  99. [99]
    Schiavo-Campo, Salvatore; Judd, Mary (2005-02-01). The Mindanao conflict in the Philippines: roots, costs, and potential peace dividend (PDF) (Report). World Bank. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.404.2086.
  100. [100]
    Holden, William Norman (2013). "The Never Ending War in the Wounded Land: The New People's Army on Samar" (PDF). Journal of Geography and Geology. 5 (4). doi:10.5539/jgg.v5n4p29. ISSN 1916-9787.
  101. [101]
    Matthew White's Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century
  102. [102]
    Gerlach, Christian (2010). Extremely Violent Societies: Mass Violence in the Twentieth-Century World. Cambridge University Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-139-49351-2.
  103. [103]
    Willem van Schendel (2009). A History of Bangladesh. Cambridge University Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-1-316-26497-3. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  104. [104]
    Rummel, Rudolph Joseph (1998). "Table 15.1: Lesser Murdering States, Quasi-States, and Groups". Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900. Münster: LIT Verlag. p. 314. ISBN 9783825840105.
  105. [105]
    "La Fuerza Aérea de Cuba en la Guerra de Etiopía (Ogadén) • Rubén Urribarres". Aviación Cubana • Rubén Urribarres.
  106. [106]
    Dowling, Timothy C. (2014). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond ... ABC-CLIO. p. 7. ISBN 9781598849486. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  107. [107]
    "Erdogan Rules Out Amnesty for Kurdish Rebels". Naharnet.
  108. [108]
    Isby, David (1986). Russia's war in Afghanistan. London: Osprey. ISBN 9780850456912.
  109. [109]
    Giustozzi, Antonio (2000). War, Politics and Society in Afghanistan, 1978–1992. Hurst. ISBN 9781850653967.
  110. [110]
    Khalidi, Noor Ahmad (1991). "Afghanistan: Demographic consequences of war, 1978–1987" (PDF). Central Asian Survey. 10 (3): 101–126. doi:10.1080/02634939108400750. PMID 12317412.
  111. [111]
    Report of the UN Truth Commission on El Salvador (Report). United Nations. April 1, 1993.
  112. [112]
    Andrews Bounds (2001), South America, Central America and The Caribbean 2002, El Salvador: History (10a ed.), London: Routledge, p. 384, ISBN 978-1-85743-121-6
  113. [113]
    "Iran-Iraq War | Causes, Summary, Casualties, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-09-02. Estimates of total casualties range from 1,000,000 to twice that number. The number killed on both sides was perhaps 500,000, with Iran suffering the greatest losses.
  114. [114]
    "Peru Shining Path Arrests: 24 Seized". BBC News. 10 April 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
  115. [115]
    Eckhardt, William, in World Military and Social Expenditures 1987–88 (12th ed., 1987) by Ruth Leger Sivard.
  116. [116]
    Wasswa, Henry (October 10, 2005). "Uganda's first prime minister, and two-time president, dead at 80". Associated Press.
  117. [117]
    "Up to 100,000 killed in Sri Lanka's civil war: UN". ABC News. 20 May 2009.
  118. [118]
    White, Matthew. "Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls and Casualty Statistics for Wars, Dictatorships and Genocides". Necrometrics. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
  119. [119]
    Allansson, Marie; Melander, Erik; Themnér, Lotta (2017). "Organized violence, 1989–2016". Journal of Peace Research. 54 (4): 574–587. doi:10.1177/0022343317718773. ISSN 0022-3433.
  120. [120]
    "Uganda (1987– 2010)". Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  121. [121]
    Sage, Adam (December 12, 2007). "Attacks raise spectre of civil war". The Australian.
  122. [122]
    Moore, Solomon (5 June 2006). "2 Mass Graves in Iraq Unearthed". Los Angeles Times.
  123. [123]
    Black, Ian (21 August 2007). "'Chemical Ali' on trial for brutal crushing of Shia uprising". The Guardian. London.
  124. [124]
    Endless Torment: The 1991 Uprising in Iraq And Its Aftermath. US: Human Rights Watch. June 1992. ISBN 1-56432-069-3.
  125. [125]
    "Heavy shelling in Burundi capital". BBC News. 18 April 2008.
  126. [126]
    Brennan, Richard (2006-07-16). "Inside Congo, An Unspeakable Toll". Theirc.org. Archived from the original on 2008-12-20. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
  127. [127]
    James Astill in Bukavu & Isabelle Chevallot (2003-04-08). "Conflict in Congo has killed 4.7m, charity says". Guardian. London. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
  128. [128]
    "Come Back, Colonialism, All Is Forgiven". Time. 14 February 2008. Archived from the original on February 15, 2008.
  129. [129]
    Lacina, Bethany; Gleditsch, Nils Petter (2005). "Monitoring Trends in Global Combat: A New Dataset of Battle Deaths" (PDF). European Journal of Population. 21 (2–3): 145–166. doi:10.1007/s10680-005-6851-6. S2CID 14344770.
  130. [130]
    Allen, Karen (30 November 2006). "Eastern DR Congo rebels to disarm". BBC News. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
  131. [131]
    Casualty Figures after 10 Years of the "War on Terror": Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan (PDF) (Report). International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War. March 2015. ISBN 978-3-9817315-0-7.
  132. [132]
    "Human costs of war: Direct war death in Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan October 2001 – February 2013" (PDF). Costs of War. February 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  133. [133]
    "Update on Iraqi Casualty Data" Archived 2008-02-01 at the Wayback Machine by Opinion Research Business. January 2008.
  134. [134]
    "Revised Casualty Analysis. New Analysis 'Confirms' 1 Million+ Iraq Casualties" Archived 2009-02-19 at the Wayback Machine. January 28, 2008. Opinion Research Business. Word Viewer for.doc files.
  135. [135]
    Degomme, Olivier; Guha-Sapir, Debarati (23 January 2010). "Patterns of mortality rates in Darfur conflict". The Lancet. 375 (9711): 294–300. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61967-X. PMID 20109956. S2CID 24643946.
  136. [136]
    Booth, William (20 November 2012). "Mexico's crime wave has left about 25,000 missing, government documents show". The Washington Post. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  137. [137]
    "Shooting at Mexico bar leaves many dead". Al Jazeera. 30 March 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
  138. [138]
    "ACLED Version 6 (1997–2015)". Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project. Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
  139. [139]
    "Libyan revolution casualties lower than expected, says new government". The Guardian. 8 January 2013. "4,700 rebel supporters died and 2,100 are missing, with unconfirmed similar casualty figures on the opposing side"
  140. [140]
    Kuperman, Alan (March–April 2015). "Obama's Libya Debacle". Foreign Affairs. 94 (March/April 2015). "the conflict killed at least 500 people a year in 2012 and 2013"
  141. [141]
    "Violent Deaths in 2014 & 2015". Libya Body Count. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
  142. [142]
    "Syria refugee flood to Turkey hits 100,000". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 5 November 2014.
  143. [143]
    "Study estimates 190,000 people killed in South Sudan's civil war". Reuters. 26 September 2018.
  144. [144]
    Plaut, Martin (24 May 2023). "Updated assessment of civilian starvation deaths during the Tigray war".
  145. [145]
    Crawford, Neta C. (4 April 2022). "Reliable death tolls from the Ukraine war are hard to come by – the result of undercounts and manipulation". The Conversation.
  146. [146]
    Varghese, Sanjana (May 4, 2022). "Counting the Dead in Ukraine".
  147. [147]
    Zebić, Enis (15 January 2018). "Ljudski gubici u ratu u Hrvatskoj: 22.211 osoba" [Human Casualties in the Croatian War: 22,211 Persons]. Radio Free Europe (in Croatian). Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  148. [148]
    Hicks, Neil (April 2000). "The Human Rights of Kurds in the Islamic Republic of Iran" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2011.
  149. [149]
    Treece, Dave (2000). Exiles, allies, rebels : Brazil's indianist movement, indigenist politics, and the imperial nation-state. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-31125-3.
  150. [150]
    Martin, Robert Montgomery (1847). China: Political, Commercial, and Social; In an Official Report to Her Majesty's Government. Volume 2. James Madden. pp. 81–82.
  151. [151]
    Blood, Peter R., ed. (2001). "The First Anglo-Afghan War". Afghanistan: A Country Study. Washington: GPO.
  152. [152]
    White, Matthew. "Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls". Necrometrics.
  153. [153]
    "Balochistan Assessment - 2017". www.satp.org.
  154. [154]
    "Balochistan: Pakistan's internal war - Europe Solidaire Sans Frontières". www.europe-solidaire.org.
  155. [155]
    Isaacs, Dan (5 May 2004). "Analysis: Behind Nigeria's violence". BBC News.
  156. [156]
    "Curfew relaxed in Nigeria's violence-wracked city: army". AFP. 25 January 2018. Archived from the original on 28 January 2010.
  157. [157]
    "'Hundreds dead' in Nigeria attack". BBC News. 8 March 2010.
  158. [158]
    Al Jazeera Correspondent. "India's Silent War". Archived from the original on 2019-05-25. Retrieved 2013-04-14.
  159. [159]
    Annual Report 2003–2004: Departments of Internal Security, Jammu & Kashmir Affairs, Border Management, States and Home (PDF) (Report). Government of India Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2013.
  160. [160]
    Adam M. Garfinkle (2000). Politics and Society in Modern Israel: Myths and Realities. M.E. Sharpe. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-7656-0514-6.
  161. [161]
    "Madagascar se souvient de l'insurrection de 1947 et des massacres du corps expéditionnaire français". Le Monde (in French). 28 February 1989. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  162. [162]
    Jean Fremigacci, "La vérité sur la grande révolte de Madagascar," L'Histoire, n°318, March 2007.
  163. [163]
    "Royal Malaysian Police (Malaysia)". Crwflags.com. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  164. [164]
    "Situation in eastern Ukraine worsening, says UN report". OHCHR. 15 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  165. [165]
    Setton, Kenneth (1976). The Papacy and the Levant : 1204–1571. Vol. 3. Philadelphia, PA: American Philosophical Society. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-87169-161-3.
  166. [166]
    Black, Ian (8 January 2013). "Libyan revolution casualties lower than expected, says new government". London: Guardian. Retrieved 2013-10-02.
  167. [167]
    "Iraq Body Count". www.iraqbodycount.org.
  168. [168]
    "War of 1812 Statistics". historyguy.com. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
  169. [169]
    Gaspar Correia (1558–1563) Lendas da Índia, 1864 edition, Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa, book II p.94.
  170. [170]
    Malik, V. P. (2010). Kargil from Surprise to Victory (paperback ed.). HarperCollins Publishers India. p. 343. ISBN 9789350293133.
  171. [171]
    Vicenç Fisas. Anuario 2009 de procesos de paz Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. Barcelona: Icaria Editorial, pp. 75. ISBN 978-84-9888-076-2.
  172. [172]
    "Insurgency claimed 6,543 lives in last 12 years". Bangkok Post. January 4, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  173. [173]
    "TIMELINE-Violence spirals in south Sudan". Reuters. 7 January 2010. Archived from the original on 26 July 2012.
  174. [174]
    Gettleman, Jeffrey (5 January 2012). "In South Sudan, Massacre of 3,000 Is Reported". The New York Times.
  175. [175]
    Bacary Domingo Mané (13 January 2011). "Casamance: no peace after thirty years of war". Guin Guin Bali. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013.
  176. [176]
    White, Matthew. "Nineteenth Century Death Tolls". Necrometrics. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  177. [177]
    Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson (1997). International Conflict: A Chronological Encyclopedia of Conflicts and Their Management, 1945–1995. Congressional Quarterly.
  178. [178]
    "Congressional Bills 117th Congress". GovInfo.
  179. [179]
    Bercovitch, Jacob (2019-07-15), "From Conflict Management to Conflict Resolution: The Problem-Solving Approach", Social Conflicts and Third Parties, Routledge, pp. 19–35, doi:10.4324/9780429306259-2, ISBN 978-0-429-30625-9, S2CID 208122778, retrieved 2021-07-02
  180. [180]
    "Armed Conflicts Report – Nigeria". Archived from the original on 10 October 2006.
  181. [181]
    "CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths". cain.ulster.ac.uk.
  182. [182]
    "Infographics. Total number of victims in Northern Caucasus in 2010–2014 under the data of the Caucasian Knot". Caucasian Knot. 19 February 2015. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  183. [183]
    Garcia, Pedro Antonio (2 July 2007). "Over three thousand black and mulatto Cubans killed in this act of force of the great national bourgeoisie". Afro Cuba Web. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
  184. [184]
    Escamilla, Luis (28 May 2013). "Partido de independiente de color (Cuba, 1908–1912)". Black Past. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
  185. [185]
    Čečuk 1960, p. 500.
  186. [186]
    "First-ever video proof documenting murder of suspected Gbagbo militants". The France 24 Observers. Archived from the original on 2015-06-05. Retrieved 2013-04-18.
  187. [187]
    Kadivar, Cyrus (8 August 2003). "A Question of Numbers". Rouzegar-Now.
  188. [188]
    "Armed Conflict Year Index". Archived from the original on 2012-04-06. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
  189. [189]
    "Home – Radio Dabanga". Archived from the original on 15 October 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  190. [190]
    "UN report: 1,500 killed and 73,000 displaced in S. Sudan conflicts – Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan". Archived from the original on 29 November 2011. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  191. [191]
    "DailyTimes – Your Right To Know". Archived from the original on 2012-10-24. Retrieved 2017-05-24.
  192. [192]
    "Egypt's Sinai rocked by wave of deadly attacks". BBC News. July 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  193. [193]
    "Nigeria (1990 – first combat deaths)". Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  194. [194]
    "ACLED Version 6 (1997–2015)". Archived from the original on 18 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  195. [195]
    Otim, Dennis (6 September 2010). "Revealed: 2,000 UPDF troops died in Kisangani". Uganda Corresponden. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
  196. [196]
    ""Комсомольская правда": в Оше тысячи погибших, беспорядки начинаются в Джалал-Абаде". polit.ru.
  197. [197]
    "Президент Узбекского национально-культурного центра Кыргызской Республики обратился с открытым письмо к Исламу Каримову". Фергана - международное агентство новостей.
  198. [198]
    "Отунбаева, зачем врать? Число погибших на юге Киргизии превысило две тысячи человек – ЦентрАзия". Archived from the original on 2019-07-09. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
  199. [199]
    "CSP - Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946-2012". Archived from the original on January 21, 2014. Retrieved 2013-11-14.
  200. [200]
    "Страница не найдена".
  201. [201]
    "Страница не найдена". Archived from the original on 2014-02-22. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
  202. [202]
    "ВОЗРОЖДЕННОМУ В ПРИДНЕСТРОВЬЕ". Archived from the original on 2007-05-03.
  203. [203]
    "MONUMENTE.MD: Памятники из натурального гранита". monumente.md.
  204. [204]
    "Congo refugees pour into Uganda after attack". Al Jazeera. 13 July 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  205. [205]
    "Datos significativos del conflicto Vasco, 1968–2003" (in Spanish). Eusko Ikaskuntza. 18 January 2016.
  206. [206]
    "Kargil war brings into sharp focus India's commitment to peace". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  207. [207]
    "Indian Army-Martyrs Home Page". Archived from the original on 22 December 2007.
  208. [208]
    "Musharraf claims Kargil was a big success militarily for Pak". Greater Kashmir. Press Trust of India. 1 February 2013. Archived from the original on 29 May 2013.
  209. [209]
    "Over 4,000 soldiers killed in Kargil: Sharif". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 17 August 2003. Archived from the original on 3 October 2003.
  210. [210]
    "Angola-Cabinda (1994 – first combat deaths) Update: January 2007 – The Institute For Global Church Studies (IGCS) Forum". Archived from the original on 2 March 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  211. [211]
    Georgia: Avoiding war in South Ossetia (PDF) (Report). International Crisis Group. 26 November 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2007. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
  212. [212]
    "Argentine Falklands War troops 'tortured by their own side'". BBC News. 14 September 2015.
  213. [213]
    Carver, Michael (1986). "Conventional Warfare in the Nuclear Age". In Paret, Peter (ed.). The Makers of Modern Strategy: From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 806. ISBN 978-0-691-02764-7.
  214. [214]
    Pimlott, John, ed. (1984). British Military Operations 1945–1985. London: Bison. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-86124-147-7.
  215. [215]
    "Cameroon's Civil War Intensifies, Casualties Mount". Voice of America News. 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
  216. [216]
    "Dozens of Cameroon Youth Killed in South". Voice of America News. 27 May 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
  217. [217]
    "Video: Cameroon's Anglophone secessionists try abducted cop, send him to their Ambazonia prison". Today's News Africa. 7 June 2018. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
  218. [218]
    "Cameroon soldier killed in restive English-speaking region". News24. 11 June 2018. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
  219. [219]
    "Police Officer killed in Fundong". Journal du Cameroun. 18 June 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
  220. [220]
    Air Vice-Marshal Peter Dye. The Jebel Akhdar War: The Royal Air Force in Oman Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. (PDF). Air Power Review. Centre for Air Power Studies. ISSN 1463-6298 Volume 11, Number 3, Winter 2008
  221. [221]
    Cantu, Gaston Garcia (1996). The U.S. invasions in Mexico. Fondo de Cultura Económica. ISBN 9789681650834. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  222. [222]
    "Kasese clashes death toll increases to 126, twenty-five new bodies discovered – The Ugandan". The Ugandan. 29 November 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  223. [223]
    "Uganda clashes; death toll from Kasese fighting rises to 126". Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  224. [224]
    "ISS Today: Mozambique's first Islamist attacks shock the region". Daily Maverick. 11 October 2017. Archived from the original on 19 December 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  225. [225]
    "Mais um ataque em Mocimboa da Praia". Voz da América Portugues (in Portuguese). 4 December 2017. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  226. [226]
    "50 Killed As Police Attack Islamic Terrorists In Mocimboa De Praia Mozam". Mozambique. Archived from the original on 2 January 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  227. [227]
    "Novo ataque de grupo armado faz cinco mortos no nordeste de Moçambique" (in Portuguese). 15 January 2018. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  228. [228]
    "Mozambique: Three Islamist Attacks Reported Over Weekend". Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique (Maputo). 25 April 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  229. [229]
    "Mozambique 'jihadists behead' villagers". BBC News. 29 May 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  230. [230]
    "Al Shabaab moçambicano mata mais 12 civis em Cabo Delgado; Presidente Nyusi mudo". Verdade Online (in Portuguese). 6 June 2018. Archived from the original on 10 June 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  231. [231]
    "At least 7 killed in machete attack in Mozambique, police say". Africa News. 5 June 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  232. [232]
    "Al menos 6 muertos en un nuevo ataque yihadista en el norte de Mozambique". La Vanguardia (in Portuguese). 7 June 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  233. [233]
    "Mozambique: Four dead in new terrorist attack in Changa, Nangade district – AIM report". Club of Mozambique. 12 June 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  234. [234]
    "Breaking: Insurgents wreak death and destruction in Nathuko, Macomia – Mozambique". Club of Mozambique. 12 June 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
  235. [235]
    "95 killed in Guinea clashes". The Times of India. 24 July 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  236. [236]
    "Lahad Datu: 52 gunmen killed in gunfights so far, says IGP". The Star. 7 March 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  237. [237]
    Golingai, Philip (9 March 2013). "Lahad Datu: Security forces shoot dead one gunman at Tanjung Batu village". The Star. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  238. [238]
    Beal, Bob. "North-West Rebellion". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2017-02-05.
  239. [239]
    "Nigeria soldiers kill 15 Niger Delta militants". TODAY.ng. Archived from the original on 2016-05-30. Retrieved 30 May 2016.

Works cited

Further reading
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article List_of_wars_by_death_toll, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.