Lithuanian_Embassy,_Chişinău

Foreign relations of Moldova

Foreign relations of Moldova

Overview of the foreign relations of Moldova

After achieving independence from the Soviet Union, the Republic of Moldova established relations with other European countries. A course for European Union integration and neutrality define the country's foreign policy guidelines.

In 1995, the country became the first post-Soviet state admitted to the Council of Europe. In addition to its participation in NATO's Partnership for Peace program, Moldova is a member state of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the North Atlantic Cooperation Council, the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Francophonie and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

In 2005, Moldova and EU established an action plan that sought to improve the collaboration between the two neighboring structures. After the Transnistria War, Moldova sought a peaceful resolution to the Transnistria conflict by working with Romania, Ukraine, and Russia, calling for international mediation, and cooperating with the OSCE and UN fact-finding and observer missions.[1]

Overview

List of countries which Moldova maintains diplomatic relations with:

More information #, Country ...

Moldova has not yet established diplomatic relations with the following UN countries:

  • Honduras
  • Botswana, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo
  • Bhutan, Iraq, Myanmar
  • Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu

Relations with the European Union

Main articles: Moldova–European Union relations and Accession of Moldova to the European Union

Moldova aspires to join the European Union[12] and is implementing its first three-year Action Plan within the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) of the EU.[13]

As regards energy policy, Moldova was an observer to the treaty establishing Energy Community from the outset (2006). Following its interest in full membership, the European Commission was mandated to carry out negotiations with Moldova in 2007. In December 2009, the Energy Community Ministerial Council decided on the accession, but made it conditional to amendment of Moldova's gas law.[14] Moldova joined the Energy Community as a full-fledged member in March 2010.[15]

Relations with NATO

Wörner and Snegur signing PfP on 16 March 1994
Main article: Moldova–NATO relations

NATO relations with Moldova date back to 1992, when the country joined the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. Moldova works alongside NATO allies and partner countries in a wide range of areas through the Partnership for Peace and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council.

Relations with post-Soviet states

The Moldovan Parliament approved the country's membership in the Commonwealth of Independent States and the CIS charter on economic union in April 1994. Moldova however has never participated in any military aspects of CIS, citing its neutral status.

In 1998, Moldova contributed to the founding of GUAM, a regional cooperation agreement made up of Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan and Moldova. Although the agreement initially included a declaration of mutual defense, Moldova has since declared its disinterest in participating in any GUAM-based mutual defense initiative.

Russia continues to maintain a military presence in the Transnistrian region of Moldova, despite previous agreements with Moldova and within OSCE and CAF to withdraw its troops and ammunition.

Moldova was granted Observer Status in the Russian-led Eurasian Union in April 2017.[16]

Relations with Transnistria

Main article: Transnistria

The territory of Moldova includes the separatist Transnistria region. Transnistria had a particularly large non-Moldovan population (about 60%) and broke away from Moldova less than a year after Moldova became independent at the fall of the Soviet Union. The Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic controls main part of this region, and also the city of Bender and its surrounding localities on the west bank. The international diplomatic situation with respect to the question of Transnistria determines and is determined by Moldova's relations with Russia. Russia, Ukraine, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, EU, and United States are involved at different degrees in the conflict resolution.

Bilateral relations

Multilateral

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Africa

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Americas

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Asia

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Europe

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Oceania

More information Country, Formal relations began ...

See also

  • Moldovan stamp commemorating membership in the United Nations
  • Moldovan stamp commemorating membership in the OSCE

References

  1. [1]
    Ejova, Cristina, and Anastasia Eșanu. "Public diplomacy of the European Union and its reflection in the Republic of Moldova." Moldoscopie 92.1 (2021): 43-53.
  2. [2]
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    Moldova will prove that it can and has chances to become EU member, Moldpress News Agency, 19 June 2007
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    Moldova-EU Action Plan Approved by European Commission Archived 4 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine, 14 December 2004. Retrieved 2 July 2007
  14. [14]
    Energy Community Ministerial Council Conclusions, Dec 2009[permanent dead link].
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    "Accession Protocol of Republic of Moldova to the Energy Community" (PDF). Retrieved 20 February 2015.[permanent dead link]
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    "Moldova granted observer status in Eurasian Union". 19 April 2017.
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    "President Nicolae Timofti participated in the Summit of Heads of State of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) held in Minsk, capital city of Belarus — Presidency of the Republic of Moldova". Archived from the original on 4 May 2018.
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    "Nicolae Timofti, Belarusian MPS discuss prospects of Belarus-Moldova cooperation | Belarus News". Archived from the original on 4 May 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
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    Cine ne sunt ambasadorii? (FOTO)
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    Cetatenia romana, portita spre Europa Archived 15 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine 27 December 2006
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    Dodon Denounces Romania Reunification Idea In Rare Visit To Gagauzia rferl.org 20 August 2017

Further reading

  • Baltag, Dorina. "EU external representation post-Lisbon: the performance of EU diplomacy in Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine." The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 13.1 (2018): 75-96. online
  • Baltag, Dorina. "Practice and performance: EU diplomacy in Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus after the inauguration of the European External Action Service, 2010–2015" (Diss. Loughborough University, 2018.) online
  • Cozma, Artur. "The Diplomacy of the Republic of Moldova during 1944-2001." (2007). online Archived 9 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  • Del Medico, Nicola. "A Black Knight in the Eastern Neighbourhood? Russia and EU Democracy Promotion in Armenia and Moldova." (EU Diplomacy Paper No. 7) (2014). online
  • Ejova, Cristina, and Anastasia Eșanu. "Public diplomacy of the European Union and its reflection in the Republic of Moldova." Moldoscopie 92.1 (2021): 43-53. online
  • Löwenhardt, John. "The OSCE, Moldova and Russian diplomacy in 2003." Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 20.4 (2004): 103-112.
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