Los Angeles

Los Angeles (US: /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ (listen) lawss AN-jəl-əs;[lower-alpha 1] Spanish: Los Ángeles [los ˈaŋxeles], lit. 'The Angels'), often referred to by its initials L.A.,[14] is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Southern California. Los Angeles is the largest city in the state of California, the second most populous city in the United States after New York City, and one of the world's most populous megacities. With a population of roughly 3.9 million residents within the city limits as of 2020^[update],[7] Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic and cultural diversity, being the home of the Hollywood film industry, and its sprawling metropolitan area. The majority of the city proper lies in a basin in Southern California adjacent to the Pacific Ocean in the west and extending partly through the Santa Monica Mountains and north into the San Fernando Valley, with the city bordering the San Gabriel Valley to its east. It covers about 469 square miles (1,210 km²),[6] and is the county seat of Los Angeles County, which is the most populous county in the United States with an estimated 9.86 million residents as of 2022^[update].[15]

Los Angeles
City
The skyline of Downtown Los Angeles Hollywood Sign Griffith Observatory Echo Park Los Angeles City Hall Theme Building Venice Beach
Flag Seal
Nickname(s):  L.A., City of Angels,[1] The Entertainment Capital of the World,[1] La-la-land, Tinseltown[1]
OpenStreetMap
Los Angeles Location within California Show map of California Los Angeles Location within the United States Show map of the United States Los Angeles Location within North America Show map of North America
Coordinates: 34°03′N 118°15′W
Country	United States
State	California
County	Los Angeles
Region	Southern California
CSA	Los Angeles-Long Beach
MSA	Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim
Pueblo	September 4, 1781[2]
City status	May 23, 1835[3]
Incorporated	April 4, 1850[4]
Named for	Our Lady, Queen of the Angels
Government
• Type	Strong mayor–council[5]
• Body	Los Angeles City Council
• Mayor	Karen Bass (D)
• City Attorney	Hydee Feldstein Soto (D)
• City Controller	Kenneth Mejia (D)
Area [6]
• Total	501.55 sq mi (1,299.01 km2)
• Land	469.49 sq mi (1,215.97 km2)
• Water	32.06 sq mi (83.04 km2)
Elevation	305 ft (93 m)
Highest elevation	5,075 ft (1,576 m)
Lowest elevation	0 ft (0 m)
Population  (2020)[7]
• Total	3,898,747
• Estimate  (2021)[7]	3,849,297
• Rank	2nd in the United States 1st in California
• Density	8,304.22/sq mi (3,206.29/km2)
• Urban [8]	12,237,376 (US: 2nd)
• Urban density	7,476.3/sq mi (2,886.6/km2)
• Metro [9]	13,200,998 (US: 2nd)
Demonym(s)	Angeleno, Angelino, Angeleño[10][11]
Time zone	UTC–08:00 (PST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC–07:00 (PDT)
ZIP Codes	List 90001–90084, 90086–90089, 90091, 90093–90097, 90099, 90101–90103, 90174, 90185, 90189, 90291–90293, 91040–91043, 91303–91308, 91311, 91316, 91324–91328, 91330, 91331, 91335, 91340, 91342–91349, 91352–91353, 91356–91357, 91364–91367, 91401–91499, 91504–91505, 91601–91609[12]
Area codes	213/323, 310/424, 747/818
FIPS code	06-44000
GNIS feature IDs	1662328, 2410877
Website	lacity.gov

The area that became Los Angeles was originally inhabited by the indigenous Tongva people and later claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542. The city was founded on September 4, 1781, under Spanish governor Felipe de Neve, on the village of Yaanga.[16] It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence. In 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and thus became part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months before California achieved statehood. The discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city.[17] The city was further expanded with the completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, which delivers water from Eastern California.

Los Angeles has a diverse economy with a broad range of industries. It has the busiest container port in the Americas.[18][19] In 2018, the Los Angeles metropolitan area had a gross metropolitan product of over $1.0 trillion,[20] making it the city with the third-largest GDP in the world, after New York City and Tokyo. Los Angeles hosted the 1932 and 1984 Summer Olympics and will host the 2028 Summer Olympics. More recently, statewide droughts in California have strained both the city's and Los Angeles County's water security.[21][22]