Lower Lotharingia
The Duchy of Lower Lotharingia,[1] also called Northern Lotharingia,[2][3] Lower Lorraine or Northern Lorraine (and also referred to as Lothier or Lottier[4] in titles), was a stem duchy established in 959, of the medieval Kingdom of Germany, which encompassed almost all of the modern Netherlands (the region of Frisia was loosely associated with the duchy, but the dukes exercised no de facto control over the territory), central and eastern Belgium, Luxemburg, the northern part of the German Rhineland province and the eastern parts of France's Nord-Pas de Calais region.
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2012) |
Duchy of Lower Lotharingia Neder-Lotharingen | |
|---|---|
| 959/977–1190 | |
 Coat of arms
| |
 Green: Lower (Northern) Lotharingia in 977 (borders of current states in purple) | |
| Status | Part of East Francia until 962 Part of Holy Roman Empire |
| Common languages | Old Dutch Old Frisian Old French Old Low German |
| Religion | Christianity |
| Government | Feudal Duchy |
| Duke | |
• 959–964 | Godfrey I (first) |
• 1142–1190 | Godfrey III (last) |
| Historical era | Middle Ages |
• Established | 959 |
• Disestablished | 1190 |
