M23 offensive (2022–2023)
In late March 2022, the March 23 Movement (M23) launched an offensive in North Kivu, clashing with the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) and MONUSCO. The fighting displaced tens of thousands of civilians and caused renewed tensions between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, as the latter was accused of supporting the rebel offensive.
| M23 offensive | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Kivu conflict | |||||||||
 MONUSCO peacekeepers on patrol near Mutwanga, North Kivu, 28 April 2022 | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
|
March 23 Movement Jean-Marie Nyatura's militia[6][7] |
 FDLR[3][16][17]Pro-government Mai-Mai[18] Pro-government Nyatura factions[18] APCLS[19] | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Bertrand Bisimwa[20][21] Sultani Makenga (WIA)[12][22] Yusuf Mboneza (allegedly killed)[22][23] Léon Kanyamibwa[24] |
 Félix Tshisekedi[17](President of DR Congo) Peter Cirimwami Nkuba[24]("Sokola 2/Nord-Kivu" commander until 6 July) Clément Bitangalo Bulime[24]("Sokola 2/Nord-Kivu" commander from 6 July) Philémon Yav Irung[24](32nd Military Region commander) Constant Ndima Kongba[25](North Kivu military governor) Muhindo Lwanzo[26](Rutshuru Territory military chief aide) Francois-Xavier Aba van Ang[17](North Kivu deputy police commander)   Major General Jeff Nyagah[27](EAC-RF commander) | ||||||||
| Units involved | |||||||||
|
M23 forces Rwanda Defence Force (denied by Rwanda)[3][30]
|
DR Congo forces
United Nations Force Intervention Brigade | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
Rebels: 100–200+ (March 2022)[28] 400+ (May 2022)[28] Rwanda: c. 500–1,000+[3][35] |
Unknown 900+[14]  750 [15] | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown |
1 helicopter shot down 1 helicopter shot down,[1] 9 killed[lower-alpha 2] | ||||||||
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