Establishment and development (1950s-1980s)

During the Royal Era of Iraq, al-Mansour Shareholding Company started to develop and plan out designs for the district. The company bought tracts of agricultural lands from their owners at that time and in that location, and he had begun to build the Dragh neighborhood after sorting out the lands belonging to the Dragh family. The neighborhood was distributed to doctors and employees of al-Rafidain Bank. The district in its beginning was characterized by its many markets along with the Princesses Street.^[3]

In 1952, an Iraqi social and cultural club named "al-Mansour Club" was established at the direct behest of the Crown Prince Abd al-Ilah and Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Said. This was to spit al-Alawiya Club which was founded by the British. The club contained many activities such as swimming, entertainment, and sports activities. A field for horse racing was also established next to the club and was the pioneer in the region in its time. Apartment complexes were built and distributed to state employees and many state institutions and markets were provided although the challenges rain provided remained a problem until the 1970s. The streets were also connected to the many streets of the city such as al-Rasheed Street and Bab al-Mu'azzam.^[3][2]

Al-Mansour was named after Abu Ja'far al-Mansur, the second Abbasid Caliph and founder of Baghdad. The district became traditionally an affluent area where wealthy Arab families lived. It was also known as the "embassies district" due to the many foreign embassies situated there. It is known to be an avid shopping district that attracts those seeking luxury imported goods, modern marketplaces, and services including restaurants, cafes, and entertainment.^[4] Among them was al-Sa'ah Restaurant which was one of the most famous restaurants in al-Mansour during the 1990s and considered an important part of the district before it was demolished in 2022.^[5]

Furthermore, the district includes the main airport of Baghdad, the Baghdad International Airport. The Airport was built by French company Spie Batignolles under an agreement made in 1979 although the airport's opening was delayed to 1982 due to the Iran-Iraq War.^[6]

Present day (1990s-present)

In 1994, former-Iraqi President Saddam Hussein ordered the building of al-Ma'mun Tower, then called the Saddam Tower, which was Iraq's first revolving restaurant. It was topped with observation balconies, a café level, and two restaurants.^[7]

On December 12, 1996, Uday Saddam Hussein was subjected to an assassination attempt while he was driving his golden Porsche in al-Mansour neighborhood. Two unidentified gunmen, with their Kalashnikov rifles, opened fire and wounded Uday with 16 bullets. Uday visited the district's boulevards on a regular basis but the assassination attempt raised questions on how the gunmen managed to track down Uday.^[8][9]

During the reign of Saddam Hussein, the horse racing field was moved to its current location in al-Ghazaliya in 1993. This was during the Faith Campaign and the movement of the field was to make way for the construction of a new Mosque.^[2] Architect Saher al-Qaisi was brought to prepare the designs and planning of what would become one of the largest mosques in the Islamic world that would rival the Taj Mahal in India. After the first phase of the project was completed, architect Afif Jawad was brought to design the new design for the mosque. After the plans were submitted that included details, measurements, and locations, in addition to the facades and their detailed treatment, in addition to the general site that includes private and public corridors, the minaret, the summer chapel, entrances, and service buildings; construction on what would become al-Rahman Mosque began in 1999. Although the construction of the Mosque stopped after the US-led invasion on Iraq took place in 2003.^[10][11]

In 2004, the Umm al-Qura Mosque, a Sunni Mosque built by Saddam Hussein, saw a gathering of 200,000 Muslims, both Sunni and Shi'a Muslims, to denounce the US-led occupation and pledge solidarity with the people of Fallujah as well as the uprising led by the Shi'a cleric, Muqtada al-Sadr. The preacher of the Mosque, Dr. Harith al-Dhari, gave a speech denouncing the US-led occupation and democracy. Reportedly. al-Dhari was crying due to what was happening at Fallujah at that time. After the gathering was over, a boycott of American and British goods was called into action. Protests were also carried out against the US-led occupation.^[12]

During the sectarian unrest which occurred between 2006 and 2007, the district became a place of extreme contention and violence, resulting in street violence and bombings which displaced much of the population at the time resulting in extensive damage and depopulation of citizens due to the Sunni majority at the time leaving the district.^[4] Kidnappings along with robberies also became widespread in the district. Militias, including Iranian-backed ones, moved into the district and some captured al-Rahman Mosque to use it as headquarters.^[2][11] Gradually, as the situation in Baghdad stabilized, markets, shopping malls, and luxury goods returned to the area.^[13]

Malls, such as the Babylon Mall, have also been opened in the district in order to expand commercial plans in the district.^[14]

Al-Mansur Statue

A bronze bust of Abu Ja'far al-Mansur was erected in the Mansour district in 1979 and was designed to serve as a link between Iraq's illustrious past and its bright future.^[15] The work of Iraqi sculptor, Khaled al-Rahal, the statue base was bombed by unidentified armed men on October 18, 2005, the day former president Saddam Hussein was put on trial.^[16] The base was later rebuilt, and the statue was reattached on May 2008.^[17]

The Statue is a bronze sculpture of the face of the Abbasid Caliph, mounted on a brick body that forms a small building decorated with Islamic decoration. The statue and its complex is located on a small rounded square decorated with trees and herbs.^{[citation needed]}

The statue also gained infamy due to Shi'i extremists believed to be backed by Iran calling for the removal and demolishing of the statue and used Social Medias such as Twitter in order to spread the message. This forced the government to take a security measure and deploy law enforcement forces in order to protect the statue from vandalism.^[18][19]

Babylon Mall

Babylon Mall (Arabic: بابيلون مول) is a commercial and investment mall opened by the Baghdad Investment Commission and the Baghdad Municipality and was built on land owned by the Municipality. The mall's goal is to expand the field of commercial and marketing services and shops as part of a plan to increase investment projects and activate the private sector as well as reduce unemployment. The mall has multiple floors. Including the basement, a floor with a bazaar, the first floor which includes commercial stores, the second floor which includes shops and restaurants, the third floor which includes a coffee shop, the fourth floor which contains games and restaurants, the fifth floor which contains more restaurants and shops and a sixth floor.^[14]

Al-Ma'mun Tower

Al-Ma'mun Tower (Arabic: برج المأمون), also known as the Baghdad Tower (Arabic: برج بغداد), is located in the Yarmouk Neighborhood and it was built as a communication center as well as a revolving restaurant on top of it in 1991. The tower was damaged during the US invasion of Iraq in 2003 but it had been renovated a few times.^[26]

Al-Mansour Mall

Al-Mansour Mall (Arabic: مول المنصور) is one of the largest commercial malls in Baghdad, built to reduce unemployment in the area and attract foreign capital. Opened in 2013, the mall has four floors including within them are over 170 shops and a sophisticated cinema.^[27]