The Marquisate or Margraviate of Mantua (Italian: Marchesato di Mantova) was a margraviate located in Lombardy, Northern Italy. Placed under the sovereignty of the House of Gonzaga since its erection in 1433, it was further raised to Duchy in 1530.^[1]

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Margraviate of Mantua Marchesato di Mantova (Italian)
1433–1530
Flag Coat of arms
Northern Italy in 1796; the Duchy of Mantua can be seen centre-right, shaded in orange, as part of the Duchy of Milan.
Capital	Mantua
Common languages	Lombard, Italian, Latin
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Government	Feudal monarchy
Margrave
• 1433–1444	Gianfrancesco I (first)
• 1444–1478	Ludovico II
• 1478–1484	Federico I
• 1484–1519	Francesco II
• 1519–1530	Federico II (last)
Historical era	Early Modern
• Gonzagas' uprising	16 August 1328
• Imperial diploma of Sigismund of Bohemia	22 September 1433
• Charles V raises the Margravate to Duchy	8 April 1530
Currency	Zecca di Mantova
Preceded by Succeeded by Lordship of Mantua Duchy of Mantua

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The Marquisate of Mantua began with Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga who, with the payment of 12,000 gold florins, in 1433 was appointed first marquis by the Emperor Sigismund, of whom he had married his niece Barbara of Brandenburg with his eldest son, Ludovico III Gonzaga. The territorial expansion of the family began with Gianfrancesco, up to occupying some border lands of today's Upper Mantua area, taken from the Brescians, and the territories of Ostiano and Isola Dovarese, wrested from the Cremonese. During the period of the Margraviate, the Gonzaga's coat of arms was enriched with the cross in red set aside by the four eagles.^[2]

From 1444 to 1478 Ludovico III ruled, which marked a first peak in the city's artistic life. Notable artists such as Andrea Mantegna, Luca Fancelli and Leon Battista Alberti were called to his court, who left an indelible mark on the history of Mantua.^[3][4]

In his brief marquisate, from 1478 to 1484, Federico I Gonzaga consolidated his line of friendship with the powerful Milanese Sforza dynasty, also serving as commander of the Milanese troops.^[5]

The fourth Marquis, Francesco II, renewed his alliance with the House of Este thanks to his marriage to Isabella d'Este, one of the most important women of the Renaissance and of the Italian cultural world of her time.^[6]

With Federico II Gonzaga, who succeeded his father Francesco as fifth and last Marquis of Mantua in 1519, the city experienced another period of splendour. He is remembered for the construction of Palazzo Te by Giulio Romano and the embellishment of the Palazzo Ducale.^[7][8]

The history of the Marquisate of Mantua ended with Federico, which lasted a century. And on 25 March 1530, with the raise of the Margraviate to Duchy by Charles V, another period began in the history of Mantua, destined to last until 1708.^[9][10]

• Gianfrancesco, ruled as the first Margrave (1433–1444)
• Ludovico III (ruled 1444–78), son of Gianfrancesco
• Federico I (ruled 1478–84), son of Ludovico III
• Francesco II (ruled 1484–1519), son of Federico I
• Federico II (ruled as Margrave 1519–1530), son of Francesco II