Reform MP

In early 1997, Vellacott defeated Sam Dyck and Fred Wesolowski to win the Reform Party's nomination for the new Saskatoon-area electoral district of Wanuskewin. Dyck later ran as an independent candidate against Vellacott in the 1997 federal election, arguing that Vellacott would try to "legislate morality" if victorious.^[10] Vellacott was nonetheless elected, amid a general gain for Reform in Saskatchewan. The Liberal Party of Canada won a second consecutive majority government, and Vellacott served as a member of the Official Opposition.

Shortly after his election, Vellacott announced that he would introduce a private member's bill to eliminate the national Court Challenges Program, which provides funding for groups that bring human rights cases before the Canadian courts. He argued that "some zealots" were "using our important tax dollars" for dubious ends via the program, and singled out an effort by Saskatoon resident Ailsa Watkinson to prohibit corporal punishment against children.^[11] Vellacott wrote an editorial piece in early 1998 describing Watkinson as a "social engineer" promoting an "extremist agenda", and accusing Canada's "unelected judges" of "judicial imperialism" in their interpretations of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.^[12] A supporter of Watkinson responded that Vellacott's piece was a "mixture of invective and innuendo", and argued that his defence of corporal punishment was based on flawed logic.^[13]

Vellacott supported other socially conservative initiatives. In late 1998, he brought forward a "conscience rights" bill to prevent nurses and doctors from being forced to perform abortions.^[14] He wrote an editorial against same-sex marriage the following year, arguing that marriage should be restricted to heterosexual couples because of its traditional role in the procreation and nurturing of children. He wrote that "homosexuals already have the right to marry, providing that -- like everybody else -- they marry someone of the opposite sex."^[15] He opposed granting spousal benefits for same-sex couples, describing supporters of the initiative as "activist liberal judges and a small but aggressive homosexual lobby."^[16]

In 1999, he criticized the Saskatchewan government's decision to force thirteen-year-old Tyrell Dueck into cancer treatment. Dueck's parents objected to continued cancer treatment at the Saskatoon cancer centre on the grounds that it did not appear to be working and instead sought to access a more experimental treatment in Mexico. Vellacott supported parental discretion in such matters.^[17]

Vellacott also called for full compensation to Hepatitis C victims during his first term in Parliament, arguing that the government could overcome complicated legal issues around liability by issuing ex gratia payments.^[18]

Vellacott confirmed his support for Preston Manning's leadership of the Reform Party in 1998, after two other Saskatchewan Reform MPs called for a leadership review.^[19] He originally voted against the 1999 United Alternative initiative which led to the creation of the Canadian Alliance, but later changed his mind and supported it.^[20] In March 2000, he became the first Reform MP to endorse Stockwell Day's ultimately successful bid for the Canadian Alliance leadership.^[21] Vellacott said that he supported Day's "respect for life and his recognition of the family as the basic building block of society."^[22] He also defended the socially conservative Campaign Life Coalition during the campaign, after that organization was criticized for drawing attention to homosexual supporters of rival candidate Tom Long.^[23]

Canadian Alliance MP

Vellacott was re-elected by an increased majority in the 2000 election, as a candidate of the Canadian Alliance.

In January 2001, he argued that Governor General Adrienne Clarkson had abused her office by sending a "best wishes" message to a newly married same-sex couple in Toronto, Ontario. Clarkson's office responded that the letter was a personal courtesy, and was not a political statement.^[24]

Stockwell Day's leadership of the Canadian Alliance came under increased scrutiny in the summer of 2001, and several MPs called for his resignation. Vellacott remained a Day supporter, and described the critics as "backstabbers, hijackers (and) guerrillas."^[25] Day resigned late in the year, and declared that he would campaign to succeed himself in the following leadership contest. Vellacott again supported his candidacy.^[26] Supporters of rival candidate Stephen Harper, who would go on to win the contest, criticized Vellacott for mailing out endorsements of Day through his constituency office at public expense.^[27]

Vellacott continued to support socially conservative causes as a Canadian Alliance MP, and was a vocal opponent of embryonic stem-cell research in 2002, although he supported adult stem cell research.^[28] In the same year, he mailed out a controversial pamphlet opposing the addition of sexual orientation as a protected category under Canada's hate crimes legislation. Vellacott claimed the policy change "substantially interferes with the right of religious and education leaders to communicate essential matters of faith."^[29]

Also in 2002, Vellacott was the only MP to speak against a parliamentary motion recognizing an Armenian genocide as having occurred in 1915. He was quoted as saying:

What the Turks so strenuously object to is the Armenian activists' one-sided portrayal of the tragic events to the world community and labelling them as genocide, using, in some cases, distortion or exaggeration of facts to further their political agenda of obtaining money and land from Turkey. While doing so, Armenians ignore the death and massacre of more than twice as many Turks at the hands of the Armenian revolutionary bands and the Russians whom they were helping during the First World War.^[30]

His comments were commended by some Turkish Canadian groups, and criticized by some Armenian Canadians.^[31]

The Canadian Alliance merged with the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in 2003–04 to create the Conservative Party of Canada. Vellacott supported the merger, and endorsed Stephen Harper's successful campaign for the new party's leadership.^[32]

Conservative MP

Vellacott won the Conservative nomination for Saskatoon—Wanuskewin in early 2004, defeating former Progressive Conservative Nick Bakker with 85% support.^[33] He faced a difficult challenge in the 2004 federal election from Chris Axworthy, a former federal New Democratic Party (NDP) MP and provincial NDP cabinet minister now running for the Liberals. Vellacott was elected as the Liberals won a minority government nationally.

After the election, Vellacott called for the trial of Saskatoon police officers Ken Munson and Dan Hatchen to be reopened. Munson and Hatchen had been convicted of abandoning an Indigenous man near a power station during freezing weather. Vellacott said new evidence had been found, indicating that the officers dropped the man off within a short walking distance of where he told the officers he lived.^[34] He later established a defence fund for the officers.^[35] The case was not re-opened.

When the Saskatchewan judicial system approved same-sex marriages in 2004, Vellacott said it was "unfortunate that the Saskatchewan court has followed in the activist footsteps of other courts in this country."^[36] He later argued that marriage commissioners should have "conscience rights" to refuse to marry same-sex couples.^[37] During a 2005 rally, he said, "there is no such thing as a right to same-sex marriage."^[38]

Also in 2005, Vellacott called for legislation making it illegal to harm or kill the unborn children of mothers not planning to have abortions (such that killing a pregnant woman would constitute a double-murder).^[39] The suggestion won support from some, while others argued that it could eventually lead to restrictions on abortion.

When Belinda Stronach crossed the floor from the Conservatives to the Liberals in mid-2005, Vellacott suggested that she was prostituting herself for power and had "sold out for a cabinet position."^[40] This was criticized as sexist, and Vellacott issued a "statement of regret" for his choice of words.^[41]

Vellacott was re-elected over Chris Axworthy a second time in the 2006 federal election, in a contest that was marked by extreme bitterness and controversy. During a live televised debate late in the campaign, a caller falsely suggested that Vellacott had been forced to leave North Park Church in Saskatoon after being accused of sexual assault on a church secretary. The call was subsequently traced to Axworthy's campaign headquarters. Axworthy described the allegations as "deplorable", and apologized to Vellacott for the situation. He denied that anyone in his office was put up to making the call, and suggested that a "mischief-maker" may have entered the office.^[42] Former long-term pastor Jerold Gliege indicated that Vellacott never served at or attended the church in question, which has been defunct since 1979.^[43] Vellacott's campaign later produced an affidavit from Saskatchewan politician Tom Hengen, in which he "to the best of [his] knowledge and belief" named Axworthy campaign worker George Laliberte as the caller. Axworthy spoke to Laliberte and reported that he vehemently denied making the call.^[44] Vellacott's lawyer later filed a defamation suit against Laliberte on March 22, 2006, in the Court of Queen's Bench in Saskatoon. Vellacott won the lawsuit and was awarded $5,000 in damages.^[45]

The national Conservative campaign accused the Liberals of a coverup and called for Axworthy to withdraw from the contest. Axworthy declined, denying that he was responsible for any wrongdoing.^[46] Vellacott was re-elected with an increased margin of victory.

Government backbench

The Conservatives won a minority government in the 2006 election, making Vellacott a government backbencher. In March 2006, he wrote an open letter supporting restrictions on abortion and calling for pregnant women to be informed of possible risks associated with abortion.^[47]

In April 2006, Vellacott attracted negative attention when he claimed that Indigenous people would travel to the outskirts of Saskatoon to drink in a shack around the same time that allegations surfaced that Saskatoon police were dropping off Indigenous people on "moonlight riders." Vellacott would admit that he never saw the existence of a drinking shack.^[48]

He was appointed to serve as chairman of the Commons' Aboriginal Affairs Committee in April 2006. He attracted controversy one month later, after suggesting that Canadian judges consider themselves to have "god-like powers" when rendering their decisions. Vellacott claimed Chief Justice Beverley McLachlin said that "when they step into this role [of supreme court justice] that suddenly there's some kind of mystical power that comes over them, which everything that they've ever decreed is not to be questioned."^[49] McLachlin, through a spokesperson, denied having made that comment. Vellacott later issued an apology, indicating that he did not intend to imply McLachlin had actually used the phrase "god-like powers." He added that he was alluding to comments made by McLachlin at a Lord Cooke Lecture, given on December 1, 2005, at the University of Victoria in Wellington, New Zealand. Journalists noted that the "mystical power" quote does not appear in McLachlin's speech.^[50] Vellacott also informed reporters that he regarded judicial independence as a "fundamental aspect of a free and democratic society."^[51]

Vellacott resigned from his role as committee chairman following significant opposition from other parties.^[52] He then served as a member of the House of Commons Standing Committee on the Environment, and called for the Canadian government to intervene against state-sponsored violence in the Darfur province of Sudan.^[53]

During his time in parliament, Vellacott served as deputy critic for health, Human Resources Development Canada, and Indian Affairs. He had involvement with several organizations, including the Canadian Club and the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada, and supported Focus on the Family.^[54] He received the Queen's Golden Jubilee Medal in 2002, the Commemorative Medal for the Centennial of Saskatchewan in March 2006 and a Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012; all were automatic by virtue of being an elected Member of Parliament.

Vellacott was re-elected in 2008 and 2011.

In 2013, Vellacott introduced Bill C-560, an Act to Amend the Divorce Act and make shared parenting for children with separated parents the default outcome in courts, barring extraordinary circumstances.^[55] The bill was defeated at second reading.

Vellacott decided not to run for re-election in the 2015 federal election.^[1] After Stephen Harper's resignation as Conservative leader, Vellacott endorsed Saskatoon MP Brad Trost for the 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election. Vellacott identified Trost as a champion of social conservatism and warned Conservative members against supporting eventual winner Andrew Scheer.^[56]