Metrodorus (Greek: Μητρόδωρος; fl. c. 6th century) was a Greek grammarian and mathematician, who collected mathematical epigrams which appear in the Greek Anthology.

Nothing is known about the life of Metrodorus. The time he lived is not certain: he may have lived as early as the 3rd century AD, but it is more likely that he lived in the time of the emperors Anastasius I and Justin I, in the early 6th century.^[1]

His name occurs in connection with 45 mathematical epigrams which are to be found in book 14 of the Greek Anthology.^[2] Although he may have authored some of the epigrams, it is generally accepted that he collected most of them, and some of them may predate the 5th century BC.^[1] Many of the epigrams lead to simple equations, and they are of the same type as those found in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (17th century BC).^[3] Among the problems Metrodorus collected are:^[3]

• Twenty-three simple equations with one unknown, one of which is the famous epigram which reveals the age of Diophantus.^[4]
• Twelve are easy simultaneous equations with two unknowns.
• One gives a simultaneous equation with three unknowns.^[5]
• Six are problems about filling and emptying vessels by pipes.