Micafungin

Micafungin

Micafungin

Chemical compound

Micafungin, sold under the brand name Mycamine, is an echinocandin antifungal medication used to treat and prevent invasive fungal infections including candidemia, abscesses, and esophageal candidiasis. It inhibits the production of beta-1,3-glucan, an essential component of fungal cell walls that is not found in mammals.

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Administered intravenously, Micafungin received final approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2005, and gained approval in the European Union in April 2008. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[1]

In August 2023, Mycamine was acquired from Astellas Pharma by Sandoz.[2]

Indications

Micafungin is indicated for the treatment of candidemia, acute disseminated candidiasis, Candida peritonitis, abscesses and esophageal candidiasis.

Micafungin works by way of concentration-dependent inhibition of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase resulting in reduced formation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, which is an essential polysaccharide comprising one-third of the majority of Candida spp. cell walls. This decreased glucan production leads to osmotic instability and thus cellular lysis. [3] [4]

Dosage

The metabolism of micafungin occurs hepatically via acryp sulfatase followed by secondary metabolism by a transferase. Precautions should be taken with regards to dosing, as micafungin weakly inhibits CYP3A4.[5][6]

Dosage forms

Micafungin is a natural antifungal product derived from other fungi as a defense mechanism for competition of nutrients, etc. To be specific, micafungin is derived from FR901379, and is produced by Coleophoma empetri.[7][8]

References

  1. [1]
    World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
  2. [2]
    Dharma RK (28 August 2023). "Sandoz concludes acquisition of Mycamine antifungal agent". Pharmaceutical Technology. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  3. [3]
    Pappas PG, Rotstein CM, Betts RF, Nucci M, Talwar D, De Waele JJ, et al. (October 2007). "Micafungin versus caspofungin for treatment of candidemia and other forms of invasive candidiasis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 45 (7): 883–93. doi:10.1086/520980. PMID 17806055.
  4. [4]
    Pettengell K, Mynhardt J, Kluyts T, Lau W, Facklam D, Buell D, et al. (FK463 South African Study Group) (August 2004). "Successful treatment of oesophageal candidiasis by micafungin: a novel systemic antifungal agent". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 20 (4): 475–81. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02083.x. PMID 15298643. S2CID 31500007.
  5. [5]
    Carver PL (October 2004). "Micafungin". The Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 38 (10): 1707–21. doi:10.1345/aph.1D301. PMID 15340133. S2CID 265942428.
  6. [6]
    Kohno S, Masaoka T, Yamaguchi H, Mori T, Urabe A, Ito A, et al. (2004). "A multicenter, open-label clinical study of micafungin (FK463) in the treatment of deep-seated mycosis in Japan". Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 36 (5): 372–9. doi:10.1080/00365540410020406. PMID 15287383. S2CID 10873612.
  7. [7]
    Hashimoto S (January 2009). "Micafungin: a sulfated echinocandin". The Journal of Antibiotics. 62 (1): 27–35. doi:10.1038/ja.2008.3. PMID 19132058.
  8. [8]
    Fujie A (2007). "Discovery of micafungin (FK463): A novel antifungal drug derived from a natural product lead". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 79 (4): 603–614. doi:10.1351/pac200779040603.

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