Mickey_Mouse_(film_series)

<i>Mickey Mouse</i> (film series)

Mickey Mouse (film series)

Short film series


Mickey Mouse (originally known as Mickey Mouse Sound Cartoons)[1] is a series of American animated comedy short films produced by Walt Disney Productions. The series started in 1928 with Steamboat Willie[lower-alpha 2] and ended in 2013 with Get a Horse!, taking a hiatus from 1953 to 1983. The series is notable for its innovation with sound synchronization and character animation, and also introduced well-known characters such as Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Daisy Duck, Pluto and Goofy.

Quick Facts Mickey Mouse, Productioncompany ...

The name "Mickey Mouse" was first used in the films' title sequences to refer specifically to the character, but was used from 1935 to 1953 to refer to the series itself, as in "Walt Disney presents a Mickey Mouse". In this sense "a Mickey Mouse" was a shortened form of "a Mickey Mouse sound cartoon" which was used in the earliest films. Films from 1929 to 1935 which were re-released during this time also used this naming convention, but it was not used for the three shorts released between 1983 and 1995 (Mickey's Christmas Carol, The Prince and the Pauper, and Runaway Brain). Mickey's name was also used occasionally to market other films which were formally part of other series. Examples of this include several Silly Symphonies and Goofy and Wilbur (1939).

Production

Black-and-white version of the introductory title of the short films.

Disney began secretly producing the first Mickey Mouse films while still contractually required to finish some Oswald the Lucky Rabbit cartoons for producer Charles Mintz. The first two films, Plane Crazy and The Gallopin' Gaucho, were previewed in theaters but failed to pick up a distributor for a broad release. For the third film, Disney added synchronized sound, a technology that was still in its early stages at the time. Steamboat Willie debuted in New York in November 1928 and was an instant success. The revenues from the film provided the studio with much needed resources, and the studio quickly began to produce new cartoons as well as releasing sound versions of the first two.[2]

Production slowed towards the end of the 1930s as the studio began to focus on other characters and feature-length films. The series was informally retired in 1953 with the release of The Simple Things, but was revived in 1983 and 1990 with two featurettes, or three reel short films. 1995's Runaway Brain returned the series to its single reel format, while the latest installment, 2013's Get a Horse!, was produced in the black-and-white style of the early films and combining color CGI animation scenes.

The cartoons were directed by 20 different people. Those with the most credits include Burt Gillett (34), Wilfred Jackson (18), Walt Disney (16), David Hand (15), and Ben Sharpsteen (14); the director of the most recent installment, Lauren MacMullan, was the first female director. Notable animators who worked on the series include Ub Iwerks, Norm Ferguson, Ollie Johnston, Frank Thomas, and Fred Moore. Mickey's voice is mostly provided by Walt Disney, with some additional work by Carl Stalling and Clarence Nash. By 1948, Jimmy MacDonald had taken over Mickey's voice. Wayne Allwine voiced the mouse in the three films released from 1983 to 1995. In the most recent film, Get a Horse!, Mickey's dialogue was compiled from archival recordings primarily of Walt Disney's voice work.

List of films

The following is a list of Mickey Mouse films. The early films released by Celebrity Productions (1928–1929) and Columbia Pictures (1930–1932) were distributed by region and state, so there is no definitive release date. The dates used in the list from 1928 to mid-1932 are shipping dates, reflecting when the Disney studio shipped the completed films to the distributors, per the 2018 Disney Enterprises book Mickey Mouse: The Ultimate History. The shorts released by United Artists (1932–1937) and RKO Radio (1937–1940) have official release dates announced by the distributors.[3]

The list does not include shorts where Mickey Mouse appears outside of the Mickey Mouse series, such as appearances in short films starring other characters in their own film series, segments from feature films (such as The Sorcerer's Apprentice), nor shorts of Mickey Mouse made as part of the episodes of the television series Mickey Mouse Works.

Gray headers indicate black-and-white films, while yellow headers indicate color films.

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1928

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1929

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1930

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1931

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1932

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1933

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1934

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1935

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1936

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1937

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1938

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1939

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1940

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1941

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1942

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1943

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1946

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1947

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1948

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1951

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1952

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1953

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1983

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1990

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1995

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2013

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Releases

Every Mickey Mouse cartoon was originally released theatrically, typically appearing before feature films. In 1929, some theaters began to host the "Mickey Mouse Club", a children's program which would exclusively show Mickey's cartoons.[34] The series was distributed by Columbia Pictures (1930–1932), United Artists (1932–1937), and RKO Radio Pictures (1937–1953). The four most recent films were released by Disney's own company, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures (formerly known as Buena Vista Pictures Distribution).

Many of the films were also broadcast on television, beginning in 1936 on BBC Television. Here the series was shown on a regular basis except during World War II.[35] In the United States, selected films were shown on the Walt Disney anthology television series, and later on other series such as The Mouse Factory (1971–1973), Mickey's Mouse Tracks (1992–1995), and Ink & Paint Club (1997–1998).

Home media

The films have also been released in various forms of home media. In the 1960s there were several 8 mm and Super 8 releases, although these were often silent, black-and-white, or condensed versions. In 1978, Disney began to release selected films on VHS, laserdisc, and later DVD. Starting in 2010, some of the cartoons were made available on the iTunes Store as digital downloads.

Disney has also released films online. At the Disney website, cartoons are shown on a rotating basis under the video page "Mickey & Friends". On Walt Disney Animation Studios' official YouTube channel, three complete cartoons have been released: Plane Crazy (1928), Steamboat Willie (1928), and Hawaiian Holiday (1937), and most of Thru the Mirror (1936) as seen on the Disneyland episode "The Plausible Impossible" (1956).

As of 2018, the only complete re-release of the entire series has been in the "Walt Disney Treasures" DVD sets. The vast majority[36] of the series appears between four two-disc sets: "Mickey Mouse in Black and White" (2002), "Mickey Mouse in Black and White, Volume Two" (2004), "Mickey Mouse in Living Color" (2001), and "Mickey Mouse in Living Color, Volume Two" (2004). Film critic Leonard Maltin, who hosts the collection, implied that there was opposition to releasing the complete series because of some content now considered politically incorrect, such as racial and ethnic stereotypes. Maltin argued that releasing the material uncensored was the only way to "learn from the past". The only film not included in this collection was the subsequently released Get a Horse! (2013) which first premiered at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival and was shown ahead of Frozen.

See also

Notes

  1. Also distributor of reissues of previous short films.
  2. While Plane Crazy and The Gallopin' Gaucho were completed before Steamboat Willie, the latter was the first short film in the series to have a formal release.
  3. While many sources credit Walt Disney as the director, the animators' draft lists King as director instead.[9]

References

  1. Kaufman, J.B.; Gerstein, David (2018). Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse: The Ultimate History. Taschen. p. 60. ISBN 978-3-8365-5284-4.
  2. Gable 2007, p. 115 ff.
  3. Kaufman, J.B.; Gerstein, David (2018). Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse: The Ultimate History. Cologne: Taschen. ISBN 978-3-8365-5284-4.
  4. Except where noted, source for directors is Disney A to Z.
  5. The dates used in the list from 1928 to mid-1932 are shipping dates, reflecting when the Disney studio shipped the completed films to the distributors, per the 2018 Disney Enterprises book Mickey Mouse: The Ultimate History. The shorts released by United Artists (1932–1937) and RKO Radio (1937–1940) have official release dates announced by the distributors.
  6. "Mickey Mouse – Mickey's Choo Choo 1929 HD (colorized)". youtube.com. Archived from the original on April 4, 2011. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
  7. PAu001629050 / 1991-10-31
  8. Gerstein, David; Groth, Gary (eds.). Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse: Race to Death Valley. Fantagraphics Books.
  9. Ryan, Jeff (2018). A Mouse Divided: How Ub Iwerks Became Forgotten, and Walt Disney Became Uncle Walt. Post Hill Press. pp. 181–183. ISBN 978-1-68261-628-4.
  10. Smith 1996, p. 270 "Just Mickey"
  11. Layton, James; Pierce, David (2015). The Dawn of Technicolor: 1915–1935. Rochester, NY: George Eastman House. p. 269. ISBN 978-0935398281.
  12. "5th Academy Awards Winners". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  13. Smith 2006, p. 57 "Barnyard Olympics"
  14. "6th Academy Awards Winners". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  15. Smith 1996, pp. 327–328 "Mickey's Pal Pluto"
  16. PAu001629049 / 1991-10-31
  17. Smith 1996, p. 205 "Giantland"
  18. Smith 1996, p. 329 "Mickey's Steam-Roller"
  19. Smith 1996, p. 327 "Mickey's Man Friday"
  20. Gerstien (2005) p. 178
  21. "11th Academy Awards Winners". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  22. Smith 1996, p. 329 "Mickey's Surprise Party"
  23. "12th Academy Awards Winners". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  24. "14th Academy Awards Winners". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  25. Smith 1996, p. 286 "Lend a Paw"
  26. "19th Academy Awards Winners". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  27. "56th Academy Awards Winners". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  28. "68th Academy Awards Winners". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  29. "Walt Disney Voices Mickey Mouse in Get A Horse!". Disney. April 23, 2013. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
  30. "2014 Oscar Nominations". Oscars.com. January 16, 2013. Archived from the original on January 10, 2013. Retrieved January 16, 2013.
  31. Tomart's Illustrated Disneyana Catalog and Price Guide
  32. Holliss 1986, pp. 70–71
  33. Donald and Pluto appears on "The Chronological Donald" and several others which prominently feature Pluto appear on "The Complete Pluto".

Bibliography


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