The Middle East Treaty Organization (METO) is a non-governmental organization founded in 2017 by a coalition of civil-society activists and disarmament practitioners, with the aim to rid the Middle East of all weapons of mass destruction (WMD).^[1] This proposal is in line with the 1970s proposal for a Middle East nuclear weapon free zone, albeit with broader scope following the 1990 Mubarak Initiative to include chemical and biological as well as nuclear weapons.

Working toward the broader vision of regional security and peace, METO defines its purpose as the establishment of a zone free of weapons of mass destruction (WMDFZ) in the Middle East.^[2] To achieve that end, the organization embraces a traditional treaty-based approach relying on diplomatic mechanisms and civil society campaigns.^[3] This strategy is supported through programming and events centered around policy debates, advocacy and education.

Three strategic pillars underlie METO's treaty-based approach for achieving the Middle East WMDFZ:

• A WMDFZ Treaty, based on a text negotiated, agreed and adopted by regional governments and relevant stakeholders through an inclusive, multilateral track I and track II diplomatic process facilitated by METO and partner organizations (including formal United Nations negotiations).
• A regional organization, which must be established to oversee and carry out functions necessary to the treaty’s eventual implementation, verification and compliance.
• Engagement with civil society, in particular to foster a civil society movement that can formulate demands to regional and international governments to advance the goals of the proposed treaty.

METO is an international partner of International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons,^[4] International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Geneva Centre for Security Policy, British American Security Information Council, Abolition 2000,^[5] and Geneva Disarmament Platform.^[6]

METO began facilitating the creation of a draft treaty text that would form the basis for discussion on a WMDFZ Treaty in 2017^[7] through track 1.5-2 diplomacy.^[8] Roundtable negotiations to discuss the treaty were organized among senior diplomatic and former diplomatic figures from regional governments and representatives from international organizations, as well as subject experts.

The draft treaty text^[9] facilitated by METO's process was brought to the United Nations General Assembly by Egypt on 22 December 2018, alongside a proposal to launch an annual conference to discuss the zone.^[10] The UN General Assembly resolved to convene an annual meeting on the establishment of a Middle East WMDFZ.^[11]

The first annual conference was held from 18 November to 22 November 2019 at UN Headquarters in New York, presided over by the UN Permanent Representative from Jordan.^[12] Almost all states of the region attended the conference, including the 22 members of the Arab League and Iran, as well as four nuclear-armed states China, France, Russia, and the United Kingdom, alongside other observer states and international organizations.^[13] The only regional country that did not participate was Israel.

The conference adopted a Final Report^[14] and Political Declaration^[15] articulating the participating member states' commitment to pursue the elaboration of a consensus-based, legally binding treaty to establish a WMDFZ in the Middle East through an open and inclusive process involving all states in the region.

As part of the organization's education and advocacy programs, METO staff frequently contribute articles to academic publications and mainstream media outlets, as well as through film, radio and podcast productions.