Minister of State for Immigration

Mike O'Brien served as Parliamentary Under Secretary Minister of State for Immigration in the Home Office from 1997 till May 1999. Mike O'Brien, said that the last Conservative government left the immigration system in "a complete shambles" and it could take two years or more to process an application for asylum ^[18] and "we need to speed up the system. The deportation system is manifestly slow and cumbersome and produces inequity."^[19]

O'Brien described to a colleague the chaos he discovered in the department on being appointed as Immigration Minister: "Once, on a visit to IND, he opened a cupboard and found it full of unanswered mail, having just been assured there were no more outstanding letters. A hapless junior official was summoned. His explanation? 'We put them there so that the Minister wouldn't see them'".^[20]

In October 1997, after consulting with lawyers from Stonewall, Mike O'Brien announced a change in UK immigration law allowing citizens to sponsor unmarried partners in 1997, including same-sex couples in this group. "Under this concession, a couple must show that they have been living together for four years or more and intend to continue to live together permanently. Once admitted they will have to show that the relationship has subsisted for a further year before being granted settlement". In 1999, again consulting with Stonewall, he announced this was improved by reducing the required length of relationship to two years. This was the first step taken by the New Labour government toward equality for the LGBTQ community.^[21][22]

As a Home Office Minister responsible for race relations, Mike O'Brien worked with Jack Straw to set up the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry, meeting with the Lawrence family and their lawyers. He later endorsed the Macpherson Report in a book called "Institutional Racism and the Police: Fact or Fiction?" saying that, "The Report is about securing the commitment of all of us to tackling racism, whether open or unwitting throughout our society, not just in the police force.... The important thing for all of us is that Britain is a multiracial society. We have a choice whether to succeed as one or not. Racism in all its guises endangers and undermines the future success of our society; that is why to be racist in today's multi-racial Britain is to be 'un-British'."^[23]

Since 1992, the trend for net migration to the UK had been rising and continued till 1999. In 1997, annual net immigration stood at 56,000 but by 2001 net immigration had risen to 191,500.^[24]

In March 1998, Mike O'Brien told Parliament that in 1994, the previous administration had scrapped the "embarkation checks for passengers travelling from ferry ports and small ports to destinations within the European Union; so, for four years, 40 per cent. of departing passengers have not been seen by an immigration officer…We inherited an embarkation control which serves little purpose in the tracking down of immigration offenders" and therefore Mike O'Brien described the procedure of checking passports as "routine and unproductive" and said that "Enhanced technology, such as closed circuit television, combined with close liaison between the border agencies, port operators and airlines, will create a stronger deterrent than the current immigration departure checks."^[25] The Immigration Service Union criticised the move, saying the changes made it harder to ensure that illegal immigrants ordered out of the country actually left.^[26]

In May 1998, Mike O'Brien announced that inhabitants of the island of Montserrat, which had been hit by volcanic eruptions, were able to stay in Britain indefinitely.^[27] O'Brien's time as Minister of State for Immigration saw him deal with the late 1990s administrative problems including delays in officials giving clearance to NHS doctors^[28] and backlogs in processing applications for passports. The delays in issuing passports made national headlines^[29] and resulted in the UK Passport Agency being stripped of its Charter Mark for customer service.^[30]

Mike O'Brien also took through major reforms in the Immigration and Asylum Act, including introducing fines for hauliers found to have illegal migrants in their lorry, whether or not the haulier knew of their presence.^[31]

Responding to a debate on forced marriage on 10 February 1999, Mike O'Brien told MPs that "…multicultural sensitivity is no excuse for official silence or moral blindness. We long ago abolished laws that treated women as chattels. We cannot shelter or tolerate bad practices under the guise of sensitivity."^[32] He announced a national dialogue on how to deal with forced marriage which led to the forced marriage unit run jointly by the Foreign Office and the Home Office.^[33]

Mike O'Brien developed the procedures for the creation of the Special Immigration Appeals Commission (also known by the acronym SIAC) as a superior court of record in the United Kingdom established by the Special Immigration Appeals Commission Act 1997. SIAC deals with appeals from persons deported by the Home Secretary for reasons of national security or terrorism. It allows the security service to disclose confidential intelligence information to the court without disclosing its sources. Information and the source is disclosed to a special advocate who acts for the person but cannot disclose the source of information to either the person or their main lawyers. Speaking at the close of the committee stage of the bill, O'Brien said the law had, "been governed by the terms of the European Court of Human Rights judgment in the case of Chahal. It is about creating the right balance between the liberty of the individual and the safety of the state."^[34]

Minister for Constitutional Affairs

On 10 May 1999, Mike O'Brien became the Minister for Constitutional Affairs, taking through the Commons the Freedom of Information Act, The Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, two Representation of the People Acts and introduced a White Paper on Alcohol Licensing Reform.^{[citation needed]}

As the Minister responsible for Race Relations, he developed the Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 which placed obligations on all public bodies to promote good race relations. He also worked to develop closer links between the Government and the Muslim community, something he continued to work on over the next decade, particularly after 9/11.^[36]

He regularly spoke at Muslim community events and as the Minister for Race Relations in the Home Office he was responsible for building a dialogue between Muslim Groups and the Home Office. Later after becoming a Foreign office Minister and in the aftermath of 9/11, "the FCO, led by Mike O'Brien, try to strengthen its relationship with the British Muslim community" and this included sponsoring the British Haj delegation.^[37]

At a ministerial meeting, O'Brien joined Chris Mullin in warning the Prime Minister that his education reforms were "hectoring" teachers.^[38]

Mike O'Brien changed the rules so that cosmetics could not be tested on animals, but considered resigning after the Home Secretary refused to have an inquiry into animal rights complaints about Huntingdon Life Sciences.^[39]

In July 2000, Mike O'Brien became a "have a go hero" after he intercepted an alleged shoplifter being chased by a security guard, by sticking his leg out to trip him up as he ran past. Although the man ran off after a scuffle, he had dropped his car keys when he fell and police traced and arrested him. Mike O'Brien had broken his leg, but despite this went straight on to conduct a television interview.^[40] He was on crutches for six weeks. He said, "It is something anyone would have done…they caught the man… so I was able to have some small sense of satisfaction."^[41]

On 21 December 2000 in the Deregulation (Sunday Dancing) Order 2000, Mike O'Brien ended the ban on any public dancing on a Sunday which had existed since the Sunday Observance Act 1780. He faced opposition to the move from the then Conservative MPs Theresa May and Philip Hammond.^[42][43] Scrapping the ban, O'Brien said: "Our proposals will give freedom of choice for people as well as remove an unnecessary regulation on business. Be it line dancing, square dancing, ballroom or disco, it is plainly daft to have a ban on dancing because it is a Sunday."^[42]

In 2001 when the Government proposed to introduce ID cards, O'Brien wrote a pamphlet for "Liberty" attacking ID cards saying, "Identity cards were abolished in the early fifties for good reasons. They were unreliable in proving identity and damaged the relationship between the public and the police. When it comes to fighting terrorism and serious crime, there are more effective things to spend our money on".^[44]

Minister for the Middle East

At the Foreign Office from 2002 to 2003 he was Minister for the Middle East. He went to Libya to hold the first meeting of a British Minister with Libyan leader Colonel Gaddafi which opened the way to better relations between Gaddafi's Libya and the West and helped lead to cooperation on ending controversial Libyan weapons research programmes.^[45]

In the run up to the Iraq War, he addressed parliament stating the Government's position, saying: "The body of evidence that Saddam Hussein possesses a fearsome range of weapons of mass destruction is substantial. The evidence comes from the UN reports, from Dr Blix, from our own intelligence and indeed from Saddam Hussein himself, who last night, oddly, admitted that the Iraqis had found a biological bomb and wanted to show us. Let us be clear: Saddam Hussein has weapons of mass destruction and he is a threat to his people, his neighbours and ultimately the middle east and the wider world.^[46] The UN Security Council is in no doubt about that. That is why its resolution 1441 gave Saddam Hussein a final opportunity to comply with a string of legally binding obligations imposed on him over the past 12 years. Nearly four months later, Saddam Hussein has not taken that final opportunity. I cannot put the matter more crisply than Dr. Blix. He has reported that Iraq "appears not to have come to a genuine acceptance . . . of the disarmament which was demanded of it". Before adding "If we have to undertake military action and American and British troops are committed and have to go into Baghdad, I suspect that the Iraqi people will be the first to cheer."^[47]

Chris Mullin says that privately when Mullin asked for advice about what to say to Blair at an NEC meeting Mike O'Brien said, "Tell him not to make any more promises to George Bush. Somewhere along the line he's promised Bush that we will be there with him and now he can't back down because his integrity is at stake".^[48]

In May 2003, Chris Mullin says Mike O'Brien intended to resign as a Foreign Office Minister over Iraq, "Because I don't believe what I am being asked to say about the existence of weapons of mass destruction. The Security Service is still saying they will be found, but I don't believe them." Mullin, who opposed the war, convinced him to "stay put" because it was unnecessary "self immolation" to resign.^[49] Mike O'Brien was not criticised in the various reports into the Iraq war.

He was the first Western government minister into Baghdad after the Iraq War and worked on relationships with Iran, Syria and Afghanistan during this period.^{[citation needed]}

O'Brien was sent by Tony Blair to meet President Assad in Damascus, to secure the release of two SAS soldiers picked up by Syrian security crossing the border, and was credited with the success.^[50]

Mike O'Brien was the Foreign Office Minister charged with negotiating Britain's rapprochement with Libya in 2002 ^[51] which led to Libya admitting responsibility for Lockerbie and paying compensation for victims, ending financial support for terrorism and an extensive chemical and nuclear weapons programme. "…the Americans thought it was entirely pointless exercise. We took the view that it would produce beneficial results… it was a calculated risk… are MI6 people did a tremendous job and the foreign office deserves a lot of credit… The Americans were absolutely stunned by this."^[52]

Concerned by the abuse of human rights by the military leadership in Myanmar/Burma, O'Brien successfully ran a campaign to get British American Tobacco to withdraw its investments.^[53]

In December 2002, concerned by the human rights violations in Zimbabwe, O'Brien called upon the England Cricket Board to cancel the participation of the England team in the World Cup match in that country; but he rejected demands for compensation for the cost of cancellation. He said, "We cannot order the ECB not to go to Zimbabwe, but we have asked them not to go".^[54] In February 2003, the England team confirmed it would not go to Zimbabwe.^[55]

Minister of State for Trade and Industry

He was then appointed Minister of State for Trade and Industry, dealing with talks with the WTO as part of the Doha Round and helping to write the 2004 Trade White Paper.

Minister of State for Energy and e-Commerce

Following a reshuffle, O'Brien became Minister of State for Energy and e-Commerce at the Department of Trade and Industry on 9 September 2004.

Solicitor General for England and Wales

Following the 2005 general election, O'Brien replaced Harriet Harman as Solicitor General for England and Wales. Mike O'Brien had worked closely with the UK Jewish community to set up the first Holocaust Memorial Day in January 2001 and later in June 2005 he was asked to lead the British delegation to the OSCE Cordoba Conference on Anti-Semitism. Speaking at the conference he recalled, "As Race Equality Minister I helped introduce national Holocaust Memorial Day each year which demonstrates our commitment to eternal vigilance against the rise of intolerance." and added that, "The British Government has also promoted an inclusive concept of citizenship. It allows people to be British but to be individuals and express their cultural identity. Our aim is integration, not assimilation. We welcome migrants and expect them to integrate, but on the basis of respect for their own identity."^[56]

Minister of State for Pensions

On 29 June 2007, O'Brien was appointed as Minister of State for Pension Reform in the Department for Work and Pensions under Secretary of State Peter Hain. Referring to the long running Pensions Action Group campaign and speaking on the BBC Radio 4 Moneybox programme on the day compensation was announced, pensions expert Ros Altmann, credited Peter Hain and O'Brien with "having been very different to deal with than their predecessors and ... willing and eager to engage and find a way to sort this out."^[57] The Pensions Act 2008 completed its major stages whilst O' Brien was minister and received Royal assent in November 2008.^[58]

Minister of State for Energy and Climate Change

On 5 October 2008, O'Brien became Minister of State at the new Department of Energy and Climate Change. He took through Parliament two Energy Acts making reforms to take account of the Climate Change debate and to enable the building of new nuclear power stations.^[59]

Minister of State for Health

In June 2009, he became the Minister of State for Health. Through administrative reforms of the NHS in two Acts of Parliament he firmly rejected a study commissioned from consultancy firm McKinsey and Company by his ministerial predecessor, which had recommended 137,000 jobs would need to go to make NHS efficiency savings.^[60]

Mike O'Brien introduced priority NHS treatment for former service personnel injured in the line of duty and negotiated a settlement of compensation for the victims of thalidomide. Harold Evans, the former editor of the Observer who had helped expose the thalidomide scandal, said Mike O'Brien was one of the "heroes for Justice" in the thalidomide story, adding, "On 14 January 2010 O'Brien made a dramatic announcement in Parliament. He apologised to the victims and their parents but he also committed the government to give £20m to the Thalidomide Trust."^[61]