The Moscow Automobile Ring Road (Russian: Московская кольцевая автомобильная дорога, romanized: Moskovskaya koltsevaya avtomobilnaya doroga), or MKAD (МКАД), is a ring road running predominantly on the city border of Moscow with a length of 108.9 km (67.7 mi) and 35 exits (including ten interchanges). It was completed in 1962. The speed limit is 100 km/h.

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Quick Facts Moscow Ring Road (MKAD) Московская кольцевая автомобильная дорога, Route information ...

Moscow Ring Road (MKAD) Московская кольцевая автомобильная дорога
MKAD on Moscow map
Route information
Part of E22 E30 E101 E105 E115 E119
Length	108.9 km (67.7 mi)
Existed	1961–present
Location
Country	Russia
Major cities	Moscow
Highway system
Russian Federal Highways

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The growth of traffic in and around Moscow in the 1950s made the city planners realise Russia's largest metropolis needed a bypass to redirect incoming traffic from major roads that run through the city. Opened in 1961, the MKAD had four lanes of asphalt running 108.9 kilometres along the city borders. Although not yet a freeway, it featured interchanges at major junctions, very few traffic lights, and a speed limit of 100 km/h (62 mph).

For a long time the MKAD served as the administrative boundary of Moscow city, until in the 1980s Moscow started annexing territory outside the beltway. In December 2002 Bulvar Dmitriya Donskogo became the first Moscow Metro station that opened beyond the limits of MKAD.^[1]

In 1995–1999, the road was widened from the initial four to ten lanes, while all intersections became grade-separated, bridges were built to accommodate pedestrians, traffic lights were removed, and a solid concrete barrier was installed in the median. In 2001, all slow-moving vehicles were banned from entering the MKAD, and the renovated road received a freeway designation from the mayor's office.

Ring roads in Moscow:

• Boulevard Ring
• Garden Ring
• Third Ring Road
• Central Ring Road

Comparison to other ring roads encircling big cities:

• Saint Petersburg Ring Road
• Minsk Ring Road
• Berliner Ring in Berlin
• London Orbital motorway
• Boulevard Périphérique and Paris super-périphérique in Paris
• Grande Raccordo Anulare in Rome
• Autopista de Circunvalación M-40 and M-50 (Spain) in Madrid
• Anillo Periférico in Mexico City
• Washington, DC Beltway
• Interstate 610 (Texas) and Texas State Highway Beltway 8 in Houston
• Ring roads of Beijing
• Tokyo Central Circular Expressway, Tokyo Outer Expressway, and four other regular roads, encircling Tokyo
• Circumferential roads in and around Metro Manila, acting as beltways for the cities in the capital