The Moscow State Symphony Orchestra (MSSO) is a Russian orchestra, based in Moscow. The orchestra gives concerts primarily at the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory,^[1] and at the Tchaikovsky Concert Hall. As well, the orchestra gives concerts in the Great Hall of the Saint-Petersburg D.D. Shostakovich Philharmonic Society, as well as in other Russian cities.

The orchestra was founded in 1943 under the auspices of the government of the then-USSR. Lev Steinberg was the orchestra's first chief conductor, until his death in 1945. Successive chief conductors have included Nikolai Anosov (1945–1950), Leo Ginzburg (1950–1954), Mikhail Terian (1954 – 1960), Veronica Dudarova (1960–1989), Pavel Kogan (1989-2022).

• Lev Steinberg (1943–1945)
• Nikolai Anosov (1945–1950)
• Leo Ginzburg (1950–1954)
• Mikhail Terian (1954–1960)
• Veronica Dudarova (1960–1989)
• Pavel Kogan (1989–2022)