Mumbai_Metro

Mumbai Metro

Mumbai Metro

Rapid transit system in Mumbai, India

The Mumbai Metro is a rapid transit (MRT) system serving the city of Mumbai and the wider Mumbai Metropolitan Region in Maharashtra, India.

Quick Facts Overview, Owner ...

While the Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited is responsible for all metro rail projects being developed in Maharashtra, except for those in the Mumbai Metropolitan Area, the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority is the authority responsible for maintaining the metro system in the Greater Mumbai area.

The rapid transit metro system is designed to reduce traffic congestion in the city and supplement the overcrowded Mumbai Suburban Railway network. It is being built in three phases, over a 15-year period, with overall completion expected in October 2026. The Mumbai Metro is the sixth longest operational metro network in India with an operational length of 46.4 km (28.8 mi) as of January 2023. When completed, the core system will comprise fourteen high-capacity metro railway lines and one metrolite line, spanning a total of 356.972 kilometres (221.812 mi) (24% underground, the rest elevated, with a minuscule portion built at-grade) and serviced by 286 stations.

Line 1 of the Mumbai Metro Line 1 is operated by Mumbai Metro One Private Limited (MMOPL), a joint venture between Reliance Infrastructure (69%), Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority, (26%) and RATP Dev Transdev Asia, France (5%).[3] While lines 2, 4, 6, 7 (under construction), 5 and their extensions (bidding in progress) will be built by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA), the completely underground Line 3 (also under construction) will be built by Mumbai Metro Railway Corporation Limited (MMRCL). The total financial outlay for the expansion of the metro system beyond the currently operational Line 1 is ₹82,172 crore (equivalent to ₹1.2 trillion or US$14.43 billion in 2023), to be funded through a mix of equity and bilateral, multilateral as well as syndicated debt.[4] In another boost to connectivity, the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) has decided to connect Mumbai and Virar with a Metro line.

In June 2006, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh laid the foundation stone for the first phase of the Mumbai Metro project, although construction work began in February 2008.[5][6][7] A successful trial run was conducted in May 2013,[8][9][10] and the system's first line commenced operations on 8 June 2014. Many metro projects were being delayed because of late environmental clearances, land acquisition troubles and protests.

After nearly 8 years, another two new metro corridors, 2A and 7, were inaugurated, which are now fully operational. New Metro flagged off the new metro lines 2A and 7 on 2 April 2022. The minimum fare is ₹10 for 3 km (1.9 mi), and the maximum fare is ₹50 for 30 km (19 mi). Additionally, there are 9 other metro lines currently under construction in the city.

History

Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra. It is among the largest cities in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of over 2 crore (20 million) as of 2011,[11] and a population growth rate of around 2% per annum.[12] Mumbai has the advantage of a high modal share of the public (88%) in favour of a public mass transport system.[13] The existing Mumbai Suburban Railway carries over 70 lakh (7 million) passengers per day,[14] and is supplemented by the Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) bus system, which provides feeder services to station-going passengers to allow them to complete their journeys. Until 1980s, transport in Mumbai was not a big problem. The discontinuation of trams resulted in a direct increase of passenger pressure on the suburban railway network. By 2010, the population of Mumbai doubled. However, due to the city's geographical constraints and rapid population growth, road and rail infrastructure development has not been able to keep pace with growing demand over the last 4-5 decades.[15] Moreover, the Mumbai Suburban Railway, though extensive, is not built to rapid transit specifications. The main objective of the Mumbai Metro is to provide mass rapid transit services to people within an approach distance of between 1 and 2 kilometres (0.62 and 1.24 mi), and to serve the areas not connected by the existing Suburban Rail network. The master plan unveiled by the MMRDA in 2004 encompassed a total of 146.5 kilometres (91.0 mi) of track, of which 32 kilometres (20 mi) would be underground.[16] The Mumbai Metro was proposed to be built in three phases, at an estimated cost of ₹19,525 crore.[15] In September 2009, the proposed Hutatma Chowk – Ghatkopar was reduced to a line between Hutatma Chowk and Carnac Bunder.

In 2011, the MMRDA unveiled plans for an extended Colaba-Bandra-SEEPZ metro line. According to its earlier plans, a 20 km (12 mi) Colaba-to-Bandra metro line was to be constructed, running underground for 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Colaba to Mahalaxmi, and then on an elevated track from Mahalaxmi to Bandra. However, the MMRDA decided to increase ridership on the line by running it out past Bandra to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport. The 33.5-kilometre (20.8 mi) Colaba-Bandra-SEEPZ line will be built at a cost of ₹21,000 crore (US$2.6 billion),[17] and will be the city's first underground metro line. It will have 27 stations.[18]

CRRC Puzhen trainset on Line 1 approaching Andheri station in 2019

On 27 February 2012, the Union Government gave in-principle approval to the plan for Line 3. Money for the project is being borrowed from Japanese International Cooperation Agency (50%), the state government (16%), the central government (14%), and others.[19] In April 2012, the MMRDA announced plans to grant the Mumbai Metro Rail Company increased management autonomy, in an effort to enhance the project's operational efficiency.[20] In July 2012, the MMRDA announced plans to add more metro lines to its existing plan, including a line parallel to the Western Express Highway from Bandra to Dahisar. This line is expected to reduce the passenger load on the Western Line and vehicle traffic on the highway. Another proposed route, the 30-kilometre (19 mi), 28-station Wadala–Kasarvadavali line, received in-principle approval from the state government in 2013.[21] The MMRDA also intends to convert the proposed Lokhandwala–SEEPZ–Kanjurmarg monorail route into a metro line.[22] The Mumbai Metro master plan was revised by the MMRDA in 2012, increasing the total length of the proposed network to 160.90 km (99.98 mi).[23] In June 2015, two new lines were proposed. A line from Andheri West to Dahisar West, and a line from BKC to Mankhurd.[24] The following table shows the updated master plan unveiled by the MMRDA:

More information Phase, Line ...
A metro station under construction in Andheri in March 2012
Metro passes were included with the Mumbai 1 card introduced in 2021[25]

On 18 February 2013, the MMRDA signed a memorandum of understanding with Transport for London, the transit authority in Greater London. The arrangement will facilitate the exchange of information, personnel and technology in the transportation sector.[26][27][28][29]

The revised Mumbai Metro master plan had proposed a line along the Thane-Teen Haath Naka-Kaapurbavdi-Ghodbunder Road route. The feasibility report concluded that the line was not feasible as most residents of Thane and its neighbouring areas travelled to Mumbai for work daily. On 14 June 2014, Chavan announced that the MMRDA was instead examining a proposal for a metro line along the new proposed route of Wadala-Ghatkopar-Teen Haat Naka route. RITES will prepare the detailed project report and is expected to submit it by August 2014. The preliminary report proposed a 32 km (20 mi) line with 29 stations, to be built at an estimated cost of ₹22,000 crore.[30] This would be the fourth line of the metro, after the previously proposed Charkop-Dahisar route was merged with the Charkop-Bandra-Mankhurd route to form Line 2.[31]

In May 2015, the MMRDA said that it had begun planning for the Andheri-Dahisar line and Seepz-Kanjurmarg. Both lines are expected to be elevated, although the latter could be constructed underground if a proposal to extend Line 3 to Kanjurmarg is undertaken. DPRs for both lines had been prepared in 2004, along with the master plan, and the MMRDA would now update the DPRs. The agency also intends to construct Line 9 of the metro as an underground corridor from Sewri to Worli. However, planning for the project will only begun after the construction of the proposed Mumbai Trans Harbour Link commences.[32]

In a report on 14 November 2014 about the cancellation of the PPP agreement for Line 2, Mint quoted a senior MMRDA official: "as decided earlier, all future lines of Mumbai Metro will be constructed by the Mumbai Metro Railway Corp. Ltd (MMRCL), a joint venture between the state government and the Union government."[33] On 20 May 2015, Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis requested officials to consider constructing the Charkop-Bandra-Dahisar and the Wadala-Thane-Kasarvadavali lines as elevated corridors. Although both corridors had been planned as elevated lines in the Mumbai Metro master plan, the previous Congress-NCP had decided to construct all metro lines underground, after delays and difficulties caused by acquiring land for Line 1. However, Fadnavis believes that the two proposed lines can be constructed quicker and cheaper if they were elevated due to the proposed route of the alignment.[34] The Government plans to implement all future metro lines (except Line 3) as elevated corridors.[35] On 15 June 2015, the MMRDA announced that it would implement Line 2 of the metro in three parts. The Andheri-Dahisar line will have connectivity with the existing Line 1 and the proposed JVLR-Kanjurmarg line.[35]

In June 2015, Fadnavis announced that he would request the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) to assist in the implementation of the Mumbai Metro. He said that he intends to expand the metro system by 109 km (68 mi) before the state assembly elections in October 2019.[36][37][38] In July 2015, UPS Madan announced that the State Government formally appointed the DMRC to revise and update the Mumbai Metro master plan. The DMRC will prepare DPRs for the Andheri East to Dahisar East, Jogeshwari to Kanjurmarg, Andheri West to Dahisar West and Bandra Kurla Complex to Mankhurd lines.[39] The Andheri-Dahisar line will have connectivity with the existing Line 1 and the proposed JVLR-Kanjurmarg line.[35] All four lines are proposed to be elevated and constructed as cash contracts. The lines are estimated to cost a total of ₹21,000 crore (US$2.6 billion), or about ₹350 crore (US$44 million) per km.[24] In addition, the planned Line 3 and Wadala-Ghatkopar-Thane-Kasarvadavli line of the metro would also be constructed.[39]

Fadnavis announced on 8 April 2017 that the government was considering a circular metro loop line along the Kalyan-Dombivli-Taloja route. The proposed 15 km (9.3 mi) line would link Kalyan and Shil Phata with 13 stations, bring metro connectivity to Kalyan East, Dombivli, Ambernath and Diva.[40][41]

The Mumbai Metro resumed services for general public on 19 October 2020, after being shut down since March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[42][43]

Protests and delay

The project has faced significant and costly legal challenges.[44] In 2018, protestors rallied to protect trees that were to be chopped down as part of construction plans. The central government first proposed the construction of a metro station at the forest area of Aarey colony.[45] The protest resulted in several arrests.[46] Protests again flared in 2022.[47]

Lines

Line 1

Main article: Line 1 (Mumbai Metro)
Metro trains arriving

Line 1 connects Versova in the Western Suburbs to Ghatkopar in the Central Suburbs, covering a distance of 11.4 kilometres (7.1 mi).[48] It is fully elevated, and consists of 12 stations.[48] Work on the Versova-Andheri-Ghatkopar corridor, a part of Phase I, began on 8 February 2008. A crucial bridge on the project was completed at the end of 2012.[49] The line opened for service on 8 June 2014.[50]

Line 2

Main article: Line 2 (Mumbai Metro)

This corridor is being executed in two phases.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched phase 2A in January 2023.[51] The 18.589 km (11.551 mi)[52] long 2A corridor was executed by DMRC on behalf of MMRDA. The corridor has 17 stations (Dahisar (West) to D N Nagar), and cost ₹6,410 crore (equivalent to ₹90 billion or US$1.13 billion in 2023). The line had been partially operational since 2 April 2022 and became fully operational from 19 January 2023.

The 2B line will be 23.643 km (14.691 mi) long, and is estimated to cost ₹109.7 billion (equivalent to ₹150 billion or US$1.93 billion in 2023), including land acquisition cost of ₹1,274 crore (equivalent to ₹18 billion or US$223.80 million in 2023). This section will have 22 stations (D N Nagar to Mandale), work on which began in mid 2018.[53]

Line 3

Main article: Line 3 (Mumbai Metro)

A planned fully underground section of the metro, Line 3 is set to be 33.50 km (20.82 mi) long, and will have 27 stations.[54] The metro line will connect the Cuffe Parade business district in the south of Mumbai with SEEPZ and Aarey in the north.[55] It will also pass through the Domestic and International airports of Mumbai, for which the airport operator (GVK) has promised an equity infusion of ₹777 crore (equivalent to ₹12 billion or US$146.84 million in 2023).

The cost of this corridor is estimated at ₹23,136 crore (equivalent to ₹320 billion or US$4.06 billion in 2023).[56][57] The original deadline for the project was 2016, but it is currently expected to be completed only by early 2024[58] due to Covid delays.

The line will have interchanges with the planned Line 6 at SEEPZ, Line 1 at Marol Naka, Line 2 at BKC, Central Line at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Mumbai Monorail at Mahalaxmi (Jacob Circle), and Western Line at Mahalaxmi, Mumbai Central and Churchgate.

Line 4

Main article: Line 4 (Mumbai Metro)

The line 4 of Mumbai Metro is planned to be a 32.32 km (20.08 mi)[59] long elevated corridor, covering 32[59] stations from Kasarvadavali (near Thane) in the north to Wadala in the south. It is estimated to cost ₹14,549 crore (equivalent to ₹200 billion or US$2.56 billion in 2023). This project will help connect the city of Thane with Mumbai with an alternate mode of public transport. The line was approved by the Maharashtra Government on 27 September 2016,[60][61] and construction work on this line began in mid 2018.[53] The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank has extended a multilateral loan of ₹3,916 crore (equivalent to ₹55 billion or US$687.92 million in 2023)[62] for this project.[63] It is expected to get completed by 2025 at a cost of ₹15,498 crore and an anticipated daily ridership of 13.4 Lakh (1,340,000).

Line 5

Main article: Line 5 (Mumbai Metro)

The 24.9 km (15.5 mi)-long Thane-Bhiwandi-Kalyan Metro-V corridor will have 17 stations and will cost ₹8,416 crore. It will be an elevated corridor. It will connect Thane to Bhiwandi and Kalyan in the eastern suburbs, with further extension to Taloja in Navi Mumbai that is line 12.

The line was approved by Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis on 19 October 2016.The 12.811 km Thane – Bhiwandi section is under construction. Bhiwandi – Kalyan is on-hold (route modification in progress).[64] The corridor is being constructucted by Afcons in one package from Kalyan to Bhiwandi including 7 stations.

Line 6

Main article: Line 6 (Mumbai Metro)

The 14.47 km (8.99 mi) long Lokhandwala-Jogeshwari-Vikhroli-Kanjurmarg Metro-VI corridor will have 13 stations and cost ₹6,672 crore. It will be an elevated corridor. It will connect Lokhandwala Complex in Andheri in the western suburbs to Vikhroli and Kanjurmarg in the eastern suburbs. The stations include Lokhandwala Complex, Adarsh Nagar, Momin Nagar, JVLR, Shyam Nagar, Mahakali Caves, SEEPZ Village, Saki Vihar Road, Ram Baug, Powai Lake, IIT Powai, Kanjurmarg (W), Vikhroli-Eastern Express Highway.

Metro 6 will provide interchange with Metro 2 at Infinity Mall in Andheri, with Metro 3 at SEEPZ, with Metro 4 and the Mumbai Suburban Railway at Jogeshwari and Kanjurmarg, and with Metro 7 at JVLR.[65]

The line was approved by Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis on 19 October 2016.[66][67] The MMRDA issued a tender to conduct a detailed aerial mapping survey of the alignment in April 2017. Authorities will also be able to determine the location of trees along the alignment accuracy of up to 10 cm utilizing a differential GPS (DGPS), while a digital aerial triangulation system will help determine the types of trees, their heights and diameters.[68] Line-6's first section is expected to open in 2025.

Line 7

Main article: Line 7 (Mumbai Metro)

This corridor is 16.475 km (10.237 mi)[69] long, and runs from Dahisar (East) in the north to Andheri (East) in the south, with a further extension till Bhayander[70] in the north, and Mumbai International Airport Terminal 2[71] in the south. The line is partially elevated (under construction, with completion slated for 2019), and partially underground (approved, with construction planned to begin in 2018).

The elevated section is expected to cost ₹6,208 crore (equivalent to ₹89 billion or US$1.12 billion in 2023), while the outlay for the recently approved underground section is ₹600 crore (equivalent to ₹842 crore or US$105.40 million in 2023). Civil works, including viaduct and station works, is being executed by NCC, Simplex Infrastructure, and J. Kumar Infraprojects. The corridor is partially operational since 2 April 2022 and fully operational since 19 January 2023.

A section of Line 7 from Dahisar East to Aarey (along with the section of Line 2 from Dahanukarwadi to Dahisar East ) was opened on 2 April 2022, by the then CM Uddhav Thackeray. The final section of the line (along with the final section of Line 2A from Dhanukarwadi to Andheri West) was inaugurated on 19 January 2023 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Line 8

Main article: Line 8 (Mumbai Metro)

This is a proposed metro line between the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport and the under construction Navi Mumbai International Airport.[72] It will connect Mumbai airport to upcoming Navi Mumbai airport • and its length would be approx 32 km.

It's expected to cost ₹15,000 crore and finish construction by October 2026. The line has an anticipated daily ridership of 3 Lakh (300,000).[73]

Line 9

Extension of Line 7 (Red Line)

Main article: Line 9 (Mumbai Metro)

Metro line 9 will ply between Dahisar-Mira Bhayander route. It will have 10 stations all elevated. This Under Construction Metro of Dahisar to Mira-Bhayandar will cut down approximately 30 km of travel distance between the Mira-Bhayandar and Mumbai suburbs. It is an extension of Line 7. The line was expected to be completed by 2024.

Line 10

Extension of Line 4 (Green Line)

Main article: Line 10 (Mumbai Metro)

In February 2017, the MMRDA announced that the DMRC was preparing a detailed project report (DPR) on Metro 10, a proposed 9 km (5.6 mi) elevated extension of Metro 4 from Gaimukh to Shivaji Chowk.[74] The project is estimated to cost ₹3,908 crore (US$490 million) with an estimated ridership of 2.5 lakh (250,000).[75][76][77][78] It will be completed by 2025.

Line 11

Extension of Line 4 (Green Line)

Main article: Line 11 (Mumbai Metro)

In November 2018, the MMRDA cleared the Metro 11, which connects Wadala with CSMT. This would be considered to be an extension to Metro 4. The length of the line is 11.4 km (7.1 mi), and it proposed to cost ₹8,739 crore (US$1.207 billion). The line will be partially underground, with 8 underground and 2 elevated stations. It will be completed by October 2026.

Line 12

Extension of Line 5 (Orange Line)

Main article: Line 12 (Mumbai Metro)

MMRDA has planned the Metro 12, which will connect Kalyan with Taloja. It is an extension of line 5. In another boost to connectivity, the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) has decided to connect Mumbai, Thane and Navi Mumbai with a Metro line. The estimated cost of the project is ₹5,865 crore and construction began in August 2020.[79] It will be completed by October 2024.

Line 13

It is a proposed metro project to connect Mira Road with Virar. The project length is 23 km and the estimated cost of the project is ₹6,900 crore.

Line 14

It is an approved metro project to connect Vikhroli with Kanjurmarg and further to Ambernath-Badlapur. It will have an intersection at Kanjurmarg with Line 6, the Pink Line. This project is now at the DPR stage. The project length is 45 km (28 mi) and the estimated cost of the project is ₹13,500 crore. It will be completed by October 2026.

  • Railcars of the Mumbai Metro in 2010
  • Interior of a metro train
  • A metro train on an elevated viaduct
  • Metro bridge, part of the Mumbai Metro

Network

Main article: List of Mumbai Metro stations
Map showing all of the railway services in Mumbai, including the Metro, Monorail, and Suburban services

Lines on the Mumbai Metro are currently identified by numbers. In March 2016, MMRDA Metropolitan Commissioner, U.P.S. Madan, announced that all lines on the system would be color-coded after more lines are opened.

More information Operational Lines, No. ...

Rolling stock

Reliance Infrastructure consulted a number of major international rolling stock builders to provide the train fleet for the Mumbai Metro. Bidders for the contract included established metro-vehicle manufacturers such as Kawasaki, Alstom, Siemens and Bombardier, but CRRC Nanjing Puzhen of China was ultimately chosen to supply rolling stock for ₹600 crore.[80][81] In May 2008, CSR Nanjing completed the first 16 trains, each comprising four cars.[80] The first ten trains were reported to be ready for operation in January 2013.[82]

The coaches are fire retardant,[83] air-conditioned and designed to reduce noise and vibration, and will feature both high seating capacity and ample space for standing passengers. They will be outfitted with a number of features for safety and convenience, including LCD screens, 3D route maps, first-aid kits, wheelchair facilities, fire-fighting equipment and intercom systems permitting communication with the train driver. Each coach will furthermore feature a black box to assist in accident investigations.[84] The trains will be capable of carrying over 1,100 passengers in a four-car unit, with each carriage being approximately 2.9 metres (9 ft 6 in) wide.[85]

In 2018, the Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation chose Alstom to supply 31 eight car trains for Aqua line (line 3). The trains will be capable of driverless operations and will be built at Alstom's factory in Sri City, Andhra Pradesh.[86]

In 2018, Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority which will operate all metro lines except Line 3, awarded a tender to Bharat Earth Movers Ltd. (BEML) to supply 63 trainsets (378 coaches) for Yellow Line (Line 2) and Red Line (Line 7) at a cost of ₹3,015 crores ($427.33 million). Capable of driverless operations, the trains are manufactured at BEML's factory in Bengaluru and first trainset for the Yellow Line arrived in Mumbai on 27 January 2021, and will continue to receive the rest of the sets until 2022.[87][88] Recently on 17 January 2021, Bombardier won the tender to supply 234 driverless coaches for the Green Line (Line 4) of six-car configuration for Mumbai metro. However, the contract has been cancelled in March 2022 due to delays and uncertainties of the project.[89][90]

Power supply

Unlike 97% of metro corridors worldwide which run on direct current (DC), the Mumbai Metro runs on alternating current (AC) which is more labour and cost-intensive. MMRDA joint project director Dilip Kawathkar stated that AC power was chosen "after a proper study by a team of experts" which found that the AC model was "a better option". Bidders for Line 3 were reportedly in favour of the DC model. Experts believe that the decision to use AC will escalate the project cost of underground lines by 15%, since more digging is required for the rail to work on AC.[91]

Signalling and communications

The Mumbai Metro will feature an advanced signalling system, including an automatic train protection system (ATPS) and automated signalling to control train movements on the 11-kilometre (6.8 mi) Line 1. A four-minute service interval is anticipated on the route.[2]

Siemens will supply the signalling systems required for the project, while Thales Group will supply the Metro's communication systems. The network's signalling and train control systems will be based on LZB 700M technology.[92]

Ridership

On 21 October 2019, exactly after 1,960 days (approx. 5 years) of Mumbai Metro Line 1's inception, the system crossed 60 crore passengers, with an average daily ridership of around 4,50,000 (4.5 lakh) passengers.[93]

Railway map of Mumbai including metro

List of Mumbai Metro stations

See also

References

  1. [1]
    "Overhead Metro wires to be charged". Hindustan Times. 27 February 2014. Archived from the original on 23 December 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  2. [2]
    "Mumbai Metro project". MMRDA. 1 January 2008. Archived from the original on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  3. [3]
    "Mumbai Metro One Pvt. Ltd. (MMOPL)". MMOPL. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  4. [4]
    "Despite loan waiver, major projects not funded by govt to be on track". 27 June 2017.
  5. [5]
    "Mumbai monorail to be ready by Dec, Metro by March". Business Standard. 12 June 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  6. [6]
    "Mumbai's first metro may chug in 2013". DNA India. 6 May 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
  7. [7]
    "Metro, Monorail projects could miss deadline". The Indian Express. 14 August 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
  8. [8]
    "Mumbai: The connected city". Mint. 20 June 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  9. [9]
    "Mumbai Metro trial run successful". Times of India. 1 May 2013. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  10. [10]
    "Mumbai Metro: trial run with train draped in flowers". NDTV. 1 May 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  11. [11]
    United Nations Population Division - City Population Archived 10 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  12. [12]
    Average Annual Rate of Change Archived 10 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine. United Nations Population Division. Retrieved 5 October 2011.
  13. [13]
    "Businessworld - 7 Questions You Wanted to Ask". web.archive.org. 25 June 2009. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  14. [14]
    Mumbai Suburban Railway Network. Western Railway – Indian Railways. Updated 9 April 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
  15. [15]
    "Mmrda – Projects – Mumbai Metro Rail Project". Mmrdamumbai.org. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  16. [16]
    "Metro Rail-I to be operational in Mumbai in 2012". The Economic Times. 5 September 2011. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
  17. [17]
    "Development body in talks with CSIA". The Indian Express. 14 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  18. [18]
    "Views on Colaba-Seepz underground metro sought". DNA India. 14 December 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  19. [19]
    "Centre paves way for 3rd Metro line". The Times of India. 28 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  20. [20]
    "Mumbai Metro likely to get autonomy status: MMRDA". DNA India. 27 April 2012. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
  21. [21]
    "Soon, take a metro from south Mumbai to Thane" Archived 30 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Hindustan Times. 23 April 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  22. [22]
    "MMRDA to add more lines to Mumbai Metro railway project". DNA India. 8 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
  23. [23]
    "Third phase of metro rail inaugurated". @businessline. 26 August 2014.
  24. [24]
    "Over 130 km of Metro lines to criss-cross city by 2020". 16 June 2015.
  25. [25]
    Livemint (8 July 2021). "Mumbai: One Mumbai Metro Card launched for more convenience to commuters". mint. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  26. [26]
    "Mumbai transport body, London counterpart ink MoU". Business Line. 2 March 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  27. [27]
    "MMRDA inks pact with UK transport authority". Indian Express. 19 February 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  28. [28]
    "MMRDA, Transport for London ink MoU for under ground metro in Mumbai". Business Standard. 18 February 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
  29. [29]
    Mumbai metro to run 150 km Deccan Herald 18 February 2013
  30. [30]
    "Mumbai Metro services to be extended till Thane: Prithviraj Chavan". The Economic Times. 14 June 2014.
  31. [31]
    "First Metro line to be extended to Wadala and Thane". The Times of India. 15 June 2014.
  32. [32]
    "MMRDA plans two new Metro lines for Mumbai". Hindustan Times. 20 May 2015.
  33. [33]
    "Reliance Infra pulls out of Mumbai Metro Line 2". Mint. 13 November 2014.
  34. [34]
    "Mumbai metro rail: State considers elevated Metro route". 21 May 2015.
  35. [35]
    "Metro 2 to be built in three phases, 2 other routes also on cards". Hindustan Times. 16 June 2015.
  36. [36]
    "Business News: Business News India, Business News Today, Latest Finance News, Business News Live". 11 June 2015.
  37. [37]
    Jog, Sanjay (16 June 2015). "Mumbai Metro seeks Delhi counterpart's help to expedite project". Business Standard India – via Business Standard.
  38. [38]
    "Pan-Mumbai Metro network by 2019, targets Maharashtra". 11 June 2015.
  39. [39]
    "Mumbai Metro master plan: Maharashtra government nod for Delhi body revise and update blueprint". dna. 2 July 2015.
  40. [40]
    "Metro loop to connect central suburbs, Navi Mumbai on cards". Asian Age. 9 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  41. [41]
    "Kalyan-Dombivli-Taloja metro under consideration: Devendra Fadnavis". The Economic Times. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  42. [42]
    "Mumbai local services suspended till March 31 due to Covid-19: All you need to know". Hindustan Times. 22 March 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  43. [43]
    "Mumbai Metro News: Mumbai Metro resumes operations with Covid protocols". The Times of India. ANI. 19 October 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  44. [44]
    Mumbai: Litigations delaying metro car shed project and causing loss of public money, HC told. Press Trust of India. Published on Economic Times. 16 February 2013.
  45. [45]
    Saving Aarey: Why a city with a weak protest culture is demonstrating to protect Mumbai's green lung. Aarefa Johari. Scroll. 15 September 2019.
  46. [46]
    18 protesters held at Aarey as Metro yard trees get axed. Times News Network. 30 September 2018.
  47. [47]
    Finally, voices of Aarey protesters fall silent. Prayag Arora-Desai. Hindustan Times. 30 Nov 2022.
  48. [48]
    "Know Your Metro - Features". Reliance Mumbai Metro. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  49. [49]
    "Metro ride in June '13? Work on crucial bridge completed". The Times of India. 26 December 2012. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
  50. [50]
    "Maharashtra CM Prithivraj Chavan flags off Mumbai Metro". The Times of India. 8 June 2014. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
  51. [51]
    PM Narendra Modi to launch Mumbai Metro Line 2A and Line 7, what you need to know about the new routes. Economic Times. 19 January 2023.
  52. [52]
    "Mumbai Metro Line 2A (DAHISAR - D.N. NAGAR)". 6 June 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  53. [53]
    "Contractors appointed for Metro 2B and Metro 4". asianage.com/. 4 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
  54. [54]
    "Cabinet clears Mumbai Metro's third line". The Times of India. 29 June 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  55. [55]
    "Further delay in Colaba-Seepz metro as govt tweaks bid norms | Business Standard". Business Standard India. business-standard.com. Press Trust of India. 4 February 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
  56. [56]
    "Mumbai Metro Line 3 plan kicks off". Mumbai Mirror. 29 June 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  57. [57]
    "Cabinet approves Mumbai Metro Line 3: FM". Zee News. 28 June 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  58. [58]
    "Mumbai Metro Aqua Line (3): Connecting the unconnected". Moneycontrol. 23 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  59. [59]
    "Mumbai Metro Line 4 (WADALA - KASARVADAVALI)". MMRDA. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  60. [60]
    "Maharashtra Cabinet Gives Go-Ahead For Two Metro Lines". NDTV.com. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  61. [61]
    "Metro-4 gets thumbs-up from Devendra Fadnavis". dna. 4 June 2016.
  62. [62]
    "Mumbai's Metro projects get a boost, two financial institutions agree to fund ₹13,660 crore". Hindustan Times. 20 June 2017.
  63. [63]
    "Mumbai Metro Phase 4 may cover entire Ghodbunder Road stretch in Thane | mumbai news | Hindustan Times". 3 February 2017. Archived from the original on 3 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  64. [64]
    "MMRDA seeks nod to take Mumbai's Metro Line 5 underground".
  65. [65]
    "Mumbai's east-west connectivity to get a boost with another Metro corridor". hindustantimes.com. 2 March 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  66. [66]
    "New metro lines for Mumbai and Thane; project to cost Rs 15,000 crore". Business Standard India. 19 October 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  67. [67]
    "Kalyan-Thane, Lokhandwala-Kanjurmarg metro lines get approval". dna. 20 October 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  68. [68]
    "MMRDA to begin tree count for Metro 6". mid-day. 6 April 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
  69. [69]
    "Mumbai Metro Line 7 (ANDHERI EAST - DAHISAR EAST)". Retrieved 11 June 2017.
  70. [70]
    "Mira-Bhayander to be connected with Metro". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
  71. [71]
    "State clears extension of Metro 7 up to Terminal 2". Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  72. [72]
    "Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority - Metro Line - 8". mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in.[permanent dead link]
  73. [73]
    https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/documents/10180/11273712/62%2C943+cr+for+METRO+PROJECTS.pdf/cb92ba27-a1af-45d5-8047-7e145368e7cb%5B%5D
  74. [74]
    "Bidding for Metro 10 line to start later this year | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis". dna. 22 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  75. [75]
    Expected Daily Ridership – 2.5 Lakh
  76. [76]
    "Mira-Bhayander to be connected with Metro". The Times of India. 25 February 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  77. [77]
    "Plans to extend metro stations to Bhayander may be implemented soon". dna. 25 February 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  78. [78]
    "Dahisar metro extension work to begin in December 2017". Asian Age. 25 February 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  79. [79]
    Narendra Shah (12 January 2020). "MMRDA likely to begin work on Mumbai Metro line 10, 11 and 12 in 2020". Metro Rail News. News. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  80. [80]
    Mumbai's beautiful butterfly emerges Railway Gazette International 25 March 2010
  81. [81]
    "Mumbai Metro One Project updates". mumbai-metro.com. Archived from the original on 18 November 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
  82. [82]
    "Mumbai metro trains raring to run, but where are tracks?". DNAIndia. 23 January 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  83. [83]
    "A Mumbai Metro train every three minutes". DNA India. 1 May 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  84. [84]
    "Metro first line hinges on Andheri bridge". Times of India. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  85. [85]
    Katkurwar, Saurabh (26 February 2012). "CIDCO opts for wider metro coaches". MiD DAY. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  86. [86]
    Nag, Devanjana (11 September 2018). "Mumbai Metro Line 3: Alstom wins 'Make in India' contract for modern train sets worth 315 million euros". The Financial Express. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
  87. [87]
    "BEML receives order worth Rs 3015 crore for Mumbai Metro". Capital Market. Business Standard. 24 November 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  88. [88]
    "BEML secures $427.33m Mumbai metro car supply contract". Railway Technology. 26 November 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  89. [89]
    "Alstom terminates Mumbai Line 4 fleet contract". 10 March 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  90. [90]
    "Alstom cancels order bagged from MMRDA for supply of coaches for Mumbai Metro 4". 4 March 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  91. [91]
    "Mumbai s Metro-3 will be one of the few in the world to run on AC". mid-day. 15 May 2014.
  92. [92]
    "MMOPL awards contract to ABB, Siemens, SEW". Projects Today. 8 January 2008. Retrieved 15 January 2010.
  93. [93]
    "Versova-Ghatkopar Metro One crosses 60 crore ridership in 5 years". The Times of India. 21 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mumbai Metro.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Mumbai.
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Mumbai_Metro, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.