NA61_experiment
NA61/SHINE (standing for "SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment") is a particle physics experiment at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).[1] The experiment studies the hadronic final states produced in interactions of various beam particles (pions, protons and beryllium, argon, and xenon nuclei) with a variety of fixed nuclear targets at the SPS energies.
Quick Facts Formation, Headquarters ...
NA61 Experiment Logo | |
| Formation | Data taking started on 18-04-2008 |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | Geneva, Switzerland |
Leader of Experiment | Marek Gazdzicki |
| Website | https://shine.web.cern.ch/ |
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Quick Facts Key SPS Experiments, UA1 ...
| Key SPS Experiments | |
|---|---|
| UA1 | Underground Area 1 |
| UA2 | Underground Area 2 |
| NA31 | NA31 Experiment |
| NA32 | Investigation of Charm Production in Hadronic Interactions Using High-Resolution Silicon Detectors |
| COMPASS | Common Muon and Proton Apparatus for Structure and Spectroscopy |
| SHINE | SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment |
| NA62 | NA62 Experiment |
| SPS preaccelerators | |
| p and Pb | Linear accelerators for protons (Linac 2) and Lead (Linac 3) |
| (not marked) | Proton Synchrotron Booster |
| PS | Proton Synchrotron |
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About 135 physicists from 14 countries and 35 institutions work in NA61/SHINE, led by Marek Gazdzicki. NA61/SHINE is the second largest fixed target experiment at CERN.
The NA61/SHINE physics program has been designed to measure hadron production in three different types of collisions:[1]
- In nucleus–nucleus (heavy ion) collisions, in particular the measurement of fluctuations and long range correlations, with the aim to identify the properties of the onset of deconfinement and find evidence for the critical point of strongly interacting matter.
- In proton–proton and proton–nucleus interactions needed as reference data for better understanding of nucleus–nucleus reactions; in particular with regards to correlations, fluctuations and high transverse momenta.
- In hadron–nucleus interactions needed for neutrino (T2K, NOvA and future DUNE) and cosmic-ray experiments (Pierre Auger Observatory and KASCADE).
The NA61/SHINE experiment uses a large acceptance hadron spectrometer located on the H2 beam line in the North Area of CERN.[1] It consist of components used by the heavy ion NA49 experiment as well as those designed and constructed for NA61/SHINE.[2]
The main tracking devices are four large volume time projection chambers (TPCs), which are capable of detecting up to 70% of all charged particles created in the studied reactions. Two of them are located in the magnetic field of two super-conducting dipole magnets with maximum bending powers of 9 Tesla meters. Two others are positioned downstream of the magnets symmetrically with respect to the beam line. Additionally, four small volume TPCs placed directly along the beamline region are used in case of hadron and light ion beams.[2][3]
The setup is supplemented by time of flight detector walls, which extend particle identification to low momenta (1 GeV/c < p ). Furthermore, the Projectile Spectator Detector (a calorimeter) is positioned downstream of the time of flight detectors to measure energy of projectile fragments.
More information Beam momentum 
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...| Type of interaction | Beam momentum |
Year | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| π + Be | 120 | 2016 | CERN-SPSC-2017-038[4] |
| π + C | 30, 60, 158, and 350 | 2009, 2012, 2016, and 2017 | CERN-SPSC-2016-038,[5] PR D100 112004,[6] and PR D100 112001[7] |
| π + Al | 60 | 2017 | CERN-SPSC-2016-038[5] and PR D98 052001[8] |
| Kaon + C | 158 | 2012 | CERN-SPSC-2016-038[5] and MPL A34 1950078[9] |
| p + p | 13, 20, 31, 40, 80, 158, and 400 | 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2016 | EPJ C80 460,[10] SQM 2019 315,[11] and EPJ C74 2794[12] |
| p + Be | 60, and 120 | 2016 and 2017 | CERN-SPSC-2017-038,[4] and PR D100 112001[7] |
| p + C p + (T2K replica target) p + (NOvA replica target) | 31, 60, 90, and 120 | 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2016, 2017, and 2018 | CERN-SPSC-2017-038,[4] CERN-SPSC-2016-038,[5] CERN-SPSC-2019-041,[13] PR D100 112001[7] and EPJ C76 617[14] |
| p + Al | 60 | 2016 | CERN-SPSC-2017-038[4] and NP B732 1[15] |
| p + Pb | 30, 40, 80 and 158 | 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2017 | CERN-SPSC-2015-036[16] |
| Be + Be | 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A, and 150A | 2011, 2012, and 2013 | CERN-SPSC-2013-028,[17] PoS 364 305,[18] and EPJ C80 961[19] |
C + C and C + CH | 13A | 2018 | CERN-SPSC-2019-041[13] |
| Ar + Sc | 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150A | 2015 | CERN-SPSC-2015-036,[16] PoS 364 305,[18] Acta Phys. Pol. B Proc. Suppl. 10 645[20] and EPJ C81 397[21] |
| Xe + La | 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A, and 150A | 2017 | CERN-SPSC-2018-029[22] and PoS 364 305[18] |
| Pb + Pb | 13A, 30A, and 150A | 2016 and 2018 | CERN-SPSC-2016-038,[5] J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1690 012127[23] and PR C77 064908[24] |
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Extended program: after Long Shutdown 2
In 2018 the NA61/SHINE collaboration published an addendum presenting an intent to upgrade the experimental facility and perform a new set of measurements after Long Shutdown 2.[25] As in the original program, the new one proposes studies of hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions for heavy ions, neutrino and cosmic-ray physics.
The heavy ions program will focus on study of charm hadron production (mostly D mesons) in lead-lead interactions.
In 2020 the SPS and PS Experiments Committee (SPSC) recommended approval of beam time in 2021.[26] The Research Board endorsed these recommendations.[27]
- Antoniou, N.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (2006). "Study of hadron production in hadron–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions at the CERN SPS". Proposal. SPSC-P-330, CERN-SPSC-2006-034.
- Abgrall, N.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (2014). "NA61/SHINE facility at the CERN SPS: beams and detector system". Journal of Instrumentation. 9 (2–3): P06005. arXiv:1401.4699. Bibcode:2014JInst...9P6005A. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/9/06/P06005. S2CID 49214489.
- Rumberger, B.; et al. (2020). "The Forward TPC system of the NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN: a tandem TPC concept". Journal of Instrumentation. 15 (7): P07013. arXiv:2004.11358. Bibcode:2020JInst..15P7013R. doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/07/p07013. S2CID 216080710.
- Aduszkiewicz, A.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (4 October 2017). Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS (Report). Status Report. Vol. CERN-SPSC-2017-038. doi:10.17181/CERN.0KV8.20KE.
- Aduszkiewicz, A.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (8 October 2016). Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS (Report). Status Report. Vol. CERN-SPSC-2016-038. doi:10.17181/CERN.SD0Z.RJ9V.
- Aduszkiewicz, A.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (11 December 2019). "Measurements of hadron production in π++C and π++Be interactions at 60 GeV/c". Physical Review D. 100 (11): 112004. arXiv:1909.06294. Bibcode:2019PhRvD.100k2004A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.100.112004. S2CID 202573079.
- Aduszkiewicz, A.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (2 December 2019). "Measurements of production and inelastic cross sections for p+C, p+Be, and p+Al at 60 GeV/c and p+C and p+Be at 120 GeV/c". Physical Review D. 100 (11): 112001. arXiv:1909.03351. Bibcode:2019PhRvD.100k2001A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.100.112001. S2CID 202540178.
- Aduszkiewicz, A.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (10 September 2018). "Measurements of total production cross sections for π++C, π++Al, K++C, and K++Al at 60 GeV/c and π++C and π++Al at 31 GeV/c". Physical Review D. 98 (5): 052001. arXiv:1805.04546. Bibcode:2018PhRvD..98e2001A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.98.052001. S2CID 53657928.
- Ali, Y.; Ullah, S.; Khattak, S. A.; Ajaz, M. (28 March 2019). "Study of pion kaon and proton in proton–carbon interactions at 158 GeV/ c using hadron production models". Modern Physics Letters A. 34 (10): 1950078. Bibcode:2019MPLA...3450078A. doi:10.1142/S0217732319500780. S2CID 127251073.
- Aduszkiewicz, A.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (May 2020). "K∗(892)0 meson production in inelastic p+p interactions at 158 GeV/c beam momentum measured by NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS". The European Physical Journal C. 80 (5): 460. arXiv:2001.05370. Bibcode:2020EPJC...80..460N. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7955-1. S2CID 210718327.
- Tefelska, Angelika (2020). "$$K^{*}(892)^0$$ Production in p$$+$$p Interactions from NA61/SHINE". The XVIII International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM 2019). Springer Proceedings in Physics. Vol. 250. pp. 315–318. arXiv:1911.01818. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53448-6_49. ISBN 978-3-030-53447-9. S2CID 207870670.
- Abgrall, N.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (March 2014). "Measurement of negatively charged pion spectra in inelastic p+p interactions at plab = 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c". The European Physical Journal C. 74 (3): 2794. arXiv:1310.2417. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-014-2794-6. S2CID 56103527.
- Aduszkiewicz, A.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (2019). Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS (Report). Status Report. Vol. CERN-SPSC-2019-041. doi:10.17181/CERN.E3JY.7Z6E.
- Abgrall, N.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (November 2016). "Measurements of π± differential yields from the surface of the T2K replica target for incoming 31 GeV/c protons with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS". The European Physical Journal C. 76 (11): 617. arXiv:1603.06774. Bibcode:2016EPJC...76..617A. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4440-y. S2CID 55382653.
- Catanesi, M.G.; et al. (2006). "Measurement of the production cross-section of positive pions in p–Al collisions at". Nuclear Physics B. 732 (1–2): 1–45. arXiv:hep-ex/0510039. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2005.10.016. S2CID 119507867.
- Aduszkiewicz, A.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (2015). Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment (Report). Status Report. Vol. CERN-SPSC-2015-036. doi:10.17181/CERN.38K1.4QRP.
- Abgrall, N.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (2013). Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS (Report). Status Report. doi:10.17181/CERN.91DL.3G3V.
- Davis, Nikolaos (2020). "Searching for the critical point of strongly interacting matter in nucleus-nucleus collisions at CERN SPS". European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics (EPS-HEP2019). Proceedings of Science. Vol. 364. p. 305. doi:10.22323/1.364.0305. S2CID 228963987.
- Acharya, A.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (October 2020). "Measurements of π− production in 7Be + 9Be collisions at beam momenta from 19A to 150A GeV/c in the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS". The European Physical Journal C. 80 (10): 961. arXiv:2008.06277. Bibcode:2020EPJC...80..961A. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08514-6. S2CID 222277028.
- Lewicki, M. (2017). "Pion Spectra in Ar+Sc Interactions at SPS Energies". Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement. 10 (3): 645. arXiv:1612.01334. doi:10.5506/APhysPolBSupp.10.645. S2CID 119011438.
- Acharya, A.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (May 2021). "Spectra and mean multiplicities of π− in central 40Ar + 45Sc collisions at 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150A GeV/c beam momenta measured by the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS". The European Physical Journal C. 81 (5): 397. Bibcode:2021EPJC...81..397A. doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09135-3. S2CID 236615453.
- Aduszkiewicz, A.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (2018). Report from the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS (Report). Status Report. Vol. CERN-SPSC-2018-029. doi:10.17181/CERN.XNSX.G8FK.
- Kashirin, E; Selyuzhenkov, I; Golosov, O; Klochkov, V (December 2020). "Directed flow measurement in Pb+Pb collisions at p lab = 13 A GeV/c collected with NA61/SHINE at SPS". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1690: 012127. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1690/1/012127. S2CID 234506920.
- Alt, C.; et al. (30 June 2008). "Bose-Einstein correlations of π − π − pairs in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20 A , 30 A , 40 A , 80 A , and 158 A GeV". Physical Review C. 77 (6): 064908. arXiv:0709.4507. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.77.064908. S2CID 119200777.
- Aduszkiewicz, A.; et al. (NA61/SHINE Collaboration) (2018). "Study of Hadron-Nucleus and Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at the CERN SPS: Early Post-LS2 Measurements and Future Plans". Addendum (Proposal). CERN-SPSC-2018-008, SPSC-P-330-ADD-10.
- "Minutes of the 136th Meeting of the SPSC, Tuesday and Wednesday, 21–22 January 2020". 2020. CERN-SPSC-2020-003 ; SPSC-136.
- "Minutes of the 232nd meeting of the Research Board, held on 11 March 2020". 2020. CERN-DG-RB-2020-495 ; M-232.