Nanjing_Dajiaochang_Airport

Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport

Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport

Former airport of Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (1934–2015)

For the current airport serving Nanjing, see Nanjing Lukou International Airport.

Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport (Chinese: 南京大校场机场) was a closed airport previously serving Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. It is located 6.2 kilometres (3.9 mi) south of Xinjiekou, the center of Nanjing, and is surrounded on three sides by the Qinhuai River.[1]

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On 28 June 1997 Nanjing Lukou International Airport was opened and all civil flights were transferred to the new airport. Dajiaochang Airport remained in use as a military air base.[1] On 8 August 2012, construction began for Nanjing Luhe Airport.[2] After Luhe Airport was opened in July 2015 and the Nanjing Air Base transferred to the new airport, Dajiaochang Airport was closed on 30 July 2015.[3] It will be redeveloped into a commercial and residential area, and its historic runway will be conserved as a public open space.[4]

Facilities

Since its opening in 1934 Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport has been expanded more than ten times. As of 1999 the airport had a runway that was 2,200 meters long, 60 meters wide, and 46 centimeters thick, capable of handling the Boeing 737 and 757. It occupied an area of 2,720,000 square metres (29,300,000 sq ft).[1]

History

In 1367 Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, established his capital in Nanjing and built a military training ground in the area that the airport now occupies. The area has since been called Dajiaochang, meaning "big training ground".[5]

Republic of China era

Dajiaochang Airport was one of the largest air bases of the Republic of China era.[4] It was first built in April 1931 for the Central Aviation School of China, which was soon moved to Hangzhou Jianqiao Airport. In 1934 Dajiaochang was converted to a military air base with an 800-meter runway. It was further expanded in 1935 and 1936.[1]

During the War of Resistance-World War II,[6] Dajiaochang and Jurong Airbase served as primary air force bases of the Chinese Air Force in the defense of Nanjing and the support of the Battle of Shanghai; the Japanese army took over the airport when Nanjing fell in December 1937. After the surrender of Japan in 1945, the Republic of China government expanded the airport, lengthening its runway to 1,200 meters. After a plane carrying American General George Marshall was damaged at Dajiaochang Airport during landing, in 1947 the airport was expanded again, with a concrete runway that was 2,200 meters long and 45 meters wide.[1]

People's Republic of China era

In April 1949 Dajiaochang Airport was taken over by the People's Liberation Army of the Chinese Communist Party and became an air base of the Nanjing Military Region of the newly established People's Republic of China. The airport was again expanded in 1954.[1]

In July 1956 Dajiaochang Airport became a dual-use military and public airport when all civil flights serving Nanjing were transferred here from the old Ming Palace Airport.[7] On 28 June 1997, Nanjing Lukou International Airport was opened and all civil flights were transferred to the new airport. The final civil flight departed Dajiaochang Airport on 30 June.[1]

With the rapid expansion of the city of Nanjing, the military Dajiaochang Airport, originally far from the city, is surrounded by the urban area and increasingly restricting its development.[8] Since 2003 the local government and the military have been in talks on relocating the air base. In January 2006 a site for the new airport was determined and the project received approvals from the State Council and the Central Military Commission in January 2009. On 8 August 2012, construction for the new Nanjing Luhe Airport was started in suburban Luhe District north of the Yangtze.[2] On 30 July 2015, the airport was permanently closed after the military air base was transferred to the Luhe Airport.[3][9][10] A 10-square-kilometre (3.9 sq mi) area encompassing Dajiaochang Airport will be redeveloped into a commercial and residential area.[8] Its historic runway will be conserved as a public open space.[4]

Accidents and Incidents

Main article: China General Aviation Flight 7552

On 31 July 1992, the China General Aviation Flight 7552 bound for Xiamen crashed soon after taking off from Dajiaochang Airport. The Soviet-made Yakovlev 42D crashed into a pond 600 meters past the runway at 15:12 and caught fire, killing 8 of the 10 crew members and 100 of the 116 passengers.[11][12]

See also

Notes

  1. The airport codes have been transferred to Nanjing Lukou International Airport.
  2. The airport codes have been transferred to Nanjing Lukou International Airport.

References

  1. [1]
    大校场机场 [Dajiaochang Airport]. Nanjing City Chronicles (in Chinese). Nanjing City Government. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
  2. [2]
    空军南京新机场建设工程开工. Sina (in Chinese). 2012-08-09. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
  3. [3]
    "86岁的大校场机场正式关闭 将建南部"智慧客厅"". Nanjing Daily. 1 August 2015.
  4. [4]
    南京大校场机场北迁 民国跑道将保留历史记忆. Chinanews (in Chinese). 2009-12-22. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
  5. [5]
    大校场 [Dajiaochang] (in Chinese). Nanjing Architecture of the Republic of China. Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
  6. [6]
    Sun, Lianggang. "Shanghai 1937 – Where World War II Began". SHANGHAI 1937: WHERE WORLD WAR II BEGAN. Retrieved 2020-12-28. When did World War II begin? Shanghai 1937: Where World War II Began answers that question in a way most audiences will find surprising. Americans might say December 7, 1941… The day the Japanese Imperial Navy attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. For Europeans, it was September 1, 1939… When Nazi Germany invaded Poland. But in China, people will tell you a different date. August 13, 1937.
  7. [7]
    明故宫机场 [Ming Palace Airport]. Nanjing City Chronicles (in Chinese). Nanjing City Government. Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
  8. [8]
    南京大校场机场将动迁 3年后将建"智慧新城". Xinhua (in Chinese). 2010-06-10. Archived from the original on 2014-05-18. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
  9. [9]
    南京最後的民國機場 7/30走入歷史 [The Last Remaining ROC Airport in Nanjing is Closing on 7/30] (in Chinese). Taipei: Central News Agency. 2015-07-31. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
  10. [10]
    余浚安 (2015-07-31). 1949蔣介石黯然離開南京86歲機場正式關閉 [The Sadly Flyaway Airport of Chiang Kai-shek. The 86 Years Old Airport is Closed Down] (in Chinese). Taipei: AppleyDaily. Retrieved 2015-08-01.
  11. [11]
    "ASN Aircraft accident Yakovlev 42D B-2755 Nanking Airport (NKG)". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
  12. [12]
    7·31空难 [July 31 air crash]. Hexun.com (in Chinese). 2012-07-30. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
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