The Czech Republic formerly had a large number of narrow-gauge railways. Apart from the public lines listed below, there were many non-public industrial, forest and agricultural narrow-gauge systems; only a few of these are still running.

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• Obrataň–Jindřichův Hradec–Nová Bystřice; gauge 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in), total length 79 km, 30 stations and stops, partly operated by steam locomotives, maximum permitted speed 50 km/h, privately owned by JHMD
• Třemešná ve Slezsku–Osoblaha; gauge 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in), total length 20 km, maximum permitted speed 40 km/h, infrastructure operator is Správa železnic, regular passenger trains are operated by České dráhy
• Liberec–Jablonec nad Nisou; 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge, operated by trams

• Frýdlant–Heřmanice; 1900–1976; gauge 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in), used to be connected to Zittau–Reichenau line
• Moravský Beroun–Dvorce; 1898–1933; gauge 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) (cs)
• Most–Litvínov–Janov; 7 Aug 1901 – 24 Mar 1961; gauge 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in), operated by trams
• Network of 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in) gauge tram lines around Ostrava, Bohumín, Orlová and Karviná; 1902–1973 (last remaining line closed)