The National Institute of Statistics (Romanian: Institutul Național de Statistică, INS) is a Romanian government agency which is responsible for collecting national statistics, in fields such as geography, the economy, demographics and society. The institute is also responsible for conducting Romania's census every ten years, with the latest census being organised in 2022.

The head of the NIS is currently Tudorel Andrei, while the three vice-presidents are:

• Elena Mihaela Iagăr, in charge of economic and social statistics
• Marian Chivu, in charge of national accounts and the dissemination of statistical information
• Beatrix Gered, in charge of IT activities and statistical infrastructure

Romania's first official statistics body was the Central Office for Administrative Statistics (Oficiul Central de Statistică Administrativă), established on July 12, 1859, under the reign of Alexandru Ioan Cuza. The organisation, one of the first national statistics organisations in Europe, conducted its first public census between 1859 and 1860.

The Romanian national statistics organisation was known under various names throughout the country's history, as can be seen in the table below:

• Demographic history of Romania
• Romanian Statistical Yearbook

• (in English and Romanian) National Institute of Statistics - official site