Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel

Near-close near-front unrounded vowel
Near-close near-front unrounded vowel
ɪ
IPA Number	319
Audio sample
	source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ɪ
Unicode (hex)	U+026A
X-SAMPA	I
Braille
Image

Near-close near-front unrounded vowel

Vowel sound represented by ⟨ɪ⟩ in IPA

The near-close near-front unrounded vowel, or near-high near-front unrounded vowel,^[1] is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɪ⟩, the small capital I. The International Phonetic Association advises serifs on the symbol's ends.^[2] Some sans-serif fonts do meet this typographic specification.^[3] Prior to 1989, there was an alternate symbol for this sound: ⟨ɩ⟩ (the Latin iota), the use of which is no longer sanctioned by the IPA.^[4] Despite that, some modern writings^[5] still use it.

Quick Facts ɪ, IPA Number ...

More information IPA: Vowels, Front ...

Handbook of the International Phonetic Association defines [ɪ] as a mid-centralized (lowered and centralized) close front unrounded vowel (transcribed [i̽] or [ï̞]), and the current official IPA name of the vowel transcribed with the symbol ⟨ɪ⟩ is a near-close near-front unrounded vowel.^[6] However, some languages have the close-mid near-front unrounded vowel, a vowel that is somewhat lower than the canonical value of [ɪ], though it still fits the definition of a mid-centralized [i]. It occurs in some dialects of English (such as Californian, General American and modern Received Pronunciation)^[7]^[8]^[9] as well as some other languages (such as Icelandic),^[10]^[11] and it can be transcribed with the symbol ⟨ɪ̞⟩ (a lowered ⟨ɪ⟩) in narrow transcription. Certain sources^[12] may even use ⟨ɪ⟩ for the close-mid front unrounded vowel, but that is rare. For the close-mid (near-)front unrounded vowel that is not usually transcribed with the symbol ⟨ɪ⟩ (or ⟨i⟩), see close-mid front unrounded vowel.

In some other languages (such as Danish, Luxembourgish and Sotho)^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16] there is a fully front near-close unrounded vowel (a sound between cardinal [i] and [e]), which can be transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɪ̟⟩, ⟨i̞⟩ or ⟨e̝⟩. There may be phonological reasons not to transcribe the fully front variant with the symbol ⟨ɪ⟩, which may incorrectly imply a relation to the close [i].

Sometimes, especially in broad transcription, this vowel is transcribed with a simpler symbol ⟨i⟩, which technically represents the close front unrounded vowel.

References

Altendorf, Ulrike; Watt, Dominik (2004), "The dialects in the South of England: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 181–196, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
Árnason, Kristján (2011), The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-922931-4
Ayyad, Hadeel Salama (2011), Phonological development of typically developing Kuwaiti Arabic-speaking preschoolers, Vancouver: University of British Columbia, doi:10.14288/1.0103320
Bamgboṣe, Ayọ (1966), A Grammar of Yoruba, [West African Languages Survey / Institute of African Studies], Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Barbosa, Plínio A.; Albano, Eleonora C. (2004), "Brazilian Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 227–232, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001756
Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, ISBN 0-203-97876-5
Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul; Bardsley, Dianne; Kennedy, Marianna; Major, George (2007), "New Zealand English", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (1): 97–102, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002830
Bowerman, Sean (2004), "White South African English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 931–942, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
Chen, Yiya; Gussenhoven, Carlos (2015), "Shanghai Chinese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 45 (3): 321–327, doi:10.1017/S0025100315000043
Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (1990), "The Phonetics of Cardiff English", in Coupland, Nikolas; Thomas, Alan Richard (eds.), English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change, Multilingual Matters Ltd., pp. 87–103, ISBN 1-85359-032-0
Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003) [First published 1981], The Phonetics of English and Dutch (5th ed.), Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN 9004103406
Connolly, John H. (1990), "Port Talbot English", in Coupland, Nikolas; Thomas, Alan Richard (eds.), English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change, Multilingual Matters Ltd., pp. 121–129, ISBN 1-85359-032-0
Cox, Felicity; Fletcher, Janet (2017) [First published 2012], Australian English Pronunciation and Transcription (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-316-63926-9
Cox, Felicity; Palethorpe, Sallyanne (2007), "Australian English" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (3): 341–350, doi:10.1017/S0025100307003192
Dahlstedt, Karl-Hampus (1967), Svårigheter i svenskans uttal, Modersmålslärarnas förening
Dankovičová, Jana (1999), "Czech", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 70–74, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
Danyenko, Andrii; Vakulenko, Serhii (1995), Ukrainian, Lincom Europa, ISBN 9783929075083
Doke, Clement Martyn; Mofokeng, S. Machabe (1974), Textbook of Southern Sotho Grammar (3rd ed.), Cape Town: Longman Southern Africa, ISBN 0-582-61700-6
Dudenredaktion; Kleiner, Stefan; Knöbl, Ralf (2015) [First published 1962], Das Aussprachewörterbuch (in German) (7th ed.), Berlin: Dudenverlag, ISBN 978-3-411-04067-4
Einarsson, Stefán (1945), Icelandic. Grammar texts glossary., Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, ISBN 978-0801863578
Engstrand, Olle (1999), "Swedish", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 140–142, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005), Turkish: a comprehensive grammar, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415114943
Gordon, Elizabeth; Maclagan, Margaret (2004), "Regional and social differences in New Zealand: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 603–613, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
Gordon, Matthew J. (2004), "New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 282–299, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
Grønnum, Nina (1998), "Illustrations of the IPA: Danish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 28 (1 & 2): 99–105, doi:10.1017/s0025100300006290, S2CID 249412109
Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
Gussenhoven, Carlos; Aarts, Flor (1999), "The dialect of Maastricht" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 29 (2): 155–166, doi:10.1017/S0025100300006526, S2CID 145782045
Gussmann, Edmund (2011). "Getting your head around: the vowel system of Modern Icelandic" (PDF). Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia. 12: 71–90. ISBN 978-83-232-2296-5.
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Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
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Khattab, Ghada (2007), "Lebanese Arabic speech acquisition", in McLeod, Sharynne (ed.), The international guide to speech acquisition, Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning, pp. 300–312, ISBN 9781418053604
Kvifte, Bjørn; Gude-Husken, Verena (2005) [First published 1997], Praktische Grammatik der norwegischen Sprache (3rd ed.), Gottfried Egert Verlag, ISBN 3-926972-54-8
Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
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Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010), A Course in Phonetics (6th ed.), Boston, Massachusetts: Wadsworth Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4282-3126-9
Lass, Roger (1987), "Intradiphthongal Dependencies", in Anderson, John; Durand, Jacques (eds.), Explorations in Dependency Phonology, Dordrecht: Foris Publications Holland, pp. 109–131, ISBN 9067652970
Ohala, Manjari (1999), "Hindi", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press, pp. 100–103, ISBN 978-0-521-63751-0
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Peters, Jörg (2017), "Saterland Frisian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 49 (2): 223–230, doi:10.1017/S0025100317000226, S2CID 232348873
Perera, H.S.; Jones, D. (1919), A colloquial Sinhalese reader in phonetic transcription, Manchester: Longmans, Green & Co
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Szende, Tamás (1994), "Illustrations of the IPA: Hungarian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 24 (2): 91–94, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005090, S2CID 242632087
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Vanvik, Arne (1979), Norsk fonetikk, Oslo: Universitetet i Oslo, ISBN 82-990584-0-6
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Walker, Douglas (1984), The Pronunciation of Canadian French (PDF), Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, ISBN 0-7766-4500-5
Watkins, Justin W. (2001), "Illustrations of the IPA: Burmese" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 31 (2): 291–295, doi:10.1017/S0025100301002122, S2CID 232344700
Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English. Vol. 2: The British Isles (pp. i–xx, 279–466), Vol. 3: Beyond the British Isles (pp. i–xx, 467–674). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511611759, 10.1017/CBO9780511611766. ISBN 0-52128540-2, 0-52128541-0.
Yanushevskaya, Irena; Bunčić, Daniel (2015), "Russian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 45 (2): 221–228, doi:10.1017/S0025100314000395
Zamora Vicente, Alonso (1967), Dialectología española (2nd ed.), Biblioteca Romanica Hispanica, Editorial Gredos, ISBN 9788424911157
Zimmer, Karl; Orgun, Orhan (1999), "Turkish" (PDF), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 154–158, ISBN 0-521-65236-7, archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-07-25, retrieved 2015-11-21

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[1] [1]
While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".

[2] [2]
"IPA Fonts: General Advice". International Phonetic Association. 2015. With any font you consider using, it is worth checking that the symbol for the centralized close front vowel (ɪ, U+026A) appears correctly with serifs top and bottom; that the symbol for the dental click (ǀ, U+01C0) is distinct from the lower-case L (l)

[3] [3]
Sans-serif fonts with serifed ɪ (despite having serifless capital I) include Arial, FreeSans and Lucida Sans.
On the other hand, Segoe and Tahoma place serifs on ɪ as well as capital I.
Finally, both are serifless in Calibri.

[FOOTNOTEInternational_Phonetic_Association1999167-4] [4]
International Phonetic Association (1999), p. 167.

[5] [5]
Such as Árnason (2011)

[FOOTNOTEInternational_Phonetic_Association199913,_168,_180-6] [6]
International Phonetic Association (1999), pp. 13, 168, 180.

[FOOTNOTELadefoged199942-7] [7]
Ladefoged (1999), p. 42.

[FOOTNOTEWells1982486-8] [8]
Wells (1982), p. 486.

[FOOTNOTECollinsMees200390-9] [9]
Collins & Mees (2003), p. 90.

[FOOTNOTEÁrnason201160-10] [10]
Árnason (2011), p. 60.

[einarsson-11] [11]
Einarsson (1945:10), cited in Gussmann (2011:73)

[12] [12]
Such as Šimáčková, Podlipský & Chládková (2012).

[FOOTNOTEGrønnum1998100-13] [13]
Grønnum (1998), p. 100.

[FOOTNOTEGillesTrouvain201370-14] [14]
Gilles & Trouvain (2013), p. 70.

[FOOTNOTEBasbøll200545-15] [15]
Basbøll (2005), p. 45.

[FOOTNOTEDokeMofokeng1974?-16] [16]
Doke & Mofokeng (1974), p. ?.

[17] [17]
"Abenaki, Western". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2022-05-26.

[18] [18]
"Numbers in Abenaki". omniglot.com. Retrieved 2022-05-26.

[19] [19]
Warne, Janet Leila (1975). A Historical Phonology of Abenaki. Thesis (M.A.)--McGill University.

[FOOTNOTELass1987119-20] [20]
Lass (1987), p. 119.

[FOOTNOTEAyyad2011?-21] [21]
Ayyad (2011), p. ?.

[FOOTNOTEKhattab2007?-22] [22]
Khattab (2007), p. ?.

[FOOTNOTEWatkins2001293-23] [23]
Watkins (2001), p. 293.

[FOOTNOTEChenGussenhoven2015328-24] [24]
Chen & Gussenhoven (2015), p. 328.

[FOOTNOTEDankovičová199972-25] [25]
Dankovičová (1999), p. 72.

[FOOTNOTEŠimáčkováPodlipskýChládková2012228–229-26] [26]
Šimáčková, Podlipský & Chládková (2012), pp. 228–229.

[FOOTNOTELadefogedJohnson2010227-27] [27]
Ladefoged & Johnson (2010), p. 227.

[FOOTNOTEBasbøll200558-28] [28]
Basbøll (2005), p. 58.

[FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003128-29] [29]
Collins & Mees (2003), p. 128.

[FOOTNOTEGussenhoven199247-30] [30]
Gussenhoven (1992), p. 47.

[FOOTNOTEVerhoeven2005245-31] [31]
Verhoeven (2005), p. 245.

[FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003131-32] [32]
Collins & Mees (2003), p. 131.

[FOOTNOTEAltendorfWatt2004188-33] [33]
Altendorf & Watt (2004), p. 188.

[FOOTNOTEWells1982291-34] [34]
Wells (1982), p. 291.

[FOOTNOTECoxFletcher201765-35] [35]
Cox & Fletcher (2017), p. 65.

[FOOTNOTECoxPalethorpe2007344-36] [36]
Cox & Palethorpe (2007), p. 344.

[FOOTNOTEGordon2004294,_296-37] [37]
Gordon (2004), pp. 294, 296.

[FOOTNOTEGordon2004290-38] [38]
Gordon (2004), p. 290.

[FOOTNOTETench1990135-39] [39]
Tench (1990), p. 135.

[FOOTNOTEConnolly1990125-40] [40]
Connolly (1990), p. 125.

[FOOTNOTECollinsMees199093-41] [41]
Collins & Mees (1990), p. 93.

[FOOTNOTEBauerWarrenBardsleyKennedy200798-42] [42]
Bauer et al. (2007), p. 98.

[FOOTNOTEGordonMaclagan2004609-43] [43]
Gordon & Maclagan (2004), p. 609.

[FOOTNOTECoxFletcher201765,_67-44] [44]
Cox & Fletcher (2017), pp. 65, 67.

[FOOTNOTEBowerman2004936–937-45] [45]
Bowerman (2004), pp. 936–937.

[FOOTNOTEWalker198451–60-46] [46]
Walker (1984), pp. 51–60.

[FOOTNOTEDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl201534,_64-47] [47]
Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015), pp. 34, 64.

[FOOTNOTEOhala1999102-48] [48]
Ohala (1999), p. 102.

[FOOTNOTESzende199492-49] [49]
Szende (1994), p. 92.

[FOOTNOTEGussenhovenAarts1999158–159-50] [50]
Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999), pp. 158–159.

[FOOTNOTEPeters2006119-51] [51]
Peters (2006), p. 119.

[FOOTNOTEVanvik197913–14-52] [52]
Vanvik (1979), pp. 13–14.

[FOOTNOTEKvifteGude-Husken20052-53] [53]
Kvifte & Gude-Husken (2005), p. 2.

[FOOTNOTEBarbosaAlbano2004229-54] [54]
Barbosa & Albano (2004), p. 229.

[FOOTNOTEJonesWard196937-55] [55]
Jones & Ward (1969), p. 37.

[FOOTNOTEYanushevskayaBunčić2015225-56] [56]
Yanushevskaya & Bunčić (2015), p. 225.

[FOOTNOTEPeters2017?-57] [57]
Peters (2017), p. ?.

[Hull-58] [58]
Hull, Geoffrey (1989). Polyglot Italy: Languages, Dialects, Peoples. CIS Educational.

[FOOTNOTEPereraJones19195,_9-59] [59]
Perera & Jones (1919), pp. 5, 9.

[FOOTNOTEPavlík200493,_95-60] [60]
Pavlík (2004), pp. 93, 95.

[FOOTNOTEHanulíkováHamann2010375-61] [61]
Hanulíková & Hamann (2010), p. 375.

[FOOTNOTEZamora_Vicente1967290–295-62] [62]
Zamora Vicente (1967), pp. 290–295.

[FOOTNOTEZamora_Vicente1967341-63] [63]
Zamora Vicente (1967), p. 341.

[FOOTNOTEEngstrand1999140-64] [64]
Engstrand (1999), p. 140.

[FOOTNOTERosenqvist20079-65] [65]
Rosenqvist (2007), p. 9.

[FOOTNOTEDahlstedt196716-66] [66]
Dahlstedt (1967), p. 16.

[FOOTNOTEKanuTucker2010249-67] [67]
Kanu & Tucker (2010), p. 249.

[FOOTNOTEGökselKerslake200510-68] [68]
Göksel & Kerslake (2005), p. 10.

[FOOTNOTEZimmerOrgun1999155-69] [69]
Zimmer & Orgun (1999), p. 155.

[70] [70]
Сучасна українська мова: Підручник / О.Д. Пономарів, В.В.Різун, Л.Ю.Шевченко та ін.; За ред. О.Д.пономарева. — 2-ге вид., перероб. —К.: Либідь, 2001. — с. 14

[FOOTNOTEDanyenkoVakulenko19954-71] [71]
Danyenko & Vakulenko (1995), p. 4.

[FOOTNOTEBamgboṣe1966166-72] [72]
Bamgboṣe (1966), p. 166.

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Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Abenaki		nis	[nɪs]	'two'	The quality varies between near-close [ɪ] and close [i].^[17]^[18]^[19] See Abenaki phonology
Afrikaans	Standard^[20]	meter	[ˈmɪ̞ˑtɐr]	'meter'	Close-mid. Allophone of /ɪə/ in less stressed words and in stressed syllables of polysyllabic words. In the latter case, it is in free variation with the diphthongal realization [ɪə̯ ~ ɪ̯ə ~ ɪə].^[20] See Afrikaans phonology
Arabic	Kuwaiti^[21]	بِنْت/bint	[bɪnt]	'girl'	Corresponds to /i/ in Classical Arabic. Contrasts with /i/ or [iː]^[21]^[22] See Arabic phonology
Arabic	Lebanese^[22]	لبنان/libneen	[lɪbneːn]	'Lebanon'
Burmese^[23]		မြစ်/mracʻ	[mjɪʔ]	'root'	Allophone of /i/ in syllables closed by a glottal stop and when nasalized.^[23]
Chinese	Shanghainese^[24]	一 / ih	[ɪ̞ʔ˥]	'one'	Close-mid; appears only in closed syllables. Phonetically, it is nearly identical to /ɛ/ ([e̠]), which appears only in open syllables.^[24]
Czech	Bohemian^[25]	byli	[ˈbɪlɪ]	'they were'	The quality has been variously described as near-close near-front [ɪ]^[25] and close-mid front [ɪ̟˕].^[26] It corresponds to close front [i] in Moravian Czech.^[26] See Czech phonology
Danish	Standard^[13]^[15]	hel	[ˈhe̝ːˀl]	'whole'	Fully front; contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels.^[13]^[15] It is typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨eː⟩ - the way it is pronounced in the conservative variety.^[27] The Danish vowel transcribed in IPA with ⟨ɪ⟩ is pronounced similarly to the short /e/.^[28] See Danish phonology
Dutch	Standard^[29]^[30]^[31]	blik	[blɪk]^ⓘ	'glance'	The Standard Northern realization is near-close [ɪ],^[29]^[30] but the Standard Belgian realization has also been described as close-mid [ɪ̞].^[31] Some regional dialects have a vowel that is slightly closer to the cardinal [i].^[32] See Dutch phonology
English	Californian^[7]	bit	[bɪ̞t]^ⓘ	'bit'	Close-mid.^[7]^[8] See English phonology
	General American^[8]		[bɪ̞t]^ⓘ		Close-mid.^[7]^[8] See English phonology
	Estuary^[33]		[bɪʔt]		Can be fully front [ɪ̟], near-front [ɪ] or close-mid [ɪ̞], with other realizations also being possible.^[33]
	Received Pronunciation^[9]^[34]		[bɪʔt]		Close-mid [ɪ̞] for younger speakers, near-close [ɪ] for older speakers.^[9]^[34]
	General Australian^[35]		[bɪ̟t]		Fully front;^[35] also described as close [i].^[36] See Australian English phonology
	Inland Northern American^[37]		[bɪt]		The quality varies between near-close near-front [ɪ], near-close central [ɪ̈], close-mid near-front [ɪ̞] and close-mid central [ɘ].^[37]
	Philadelphian^[38]				The height varies between near-close [ɪ] and close-mid [ɪ̞].^[38]
	Welsh^[39]^[40]^[41]				Near-close [ɪ] in Abercrave and Port Talbot, close-mid [ɪ̞] in Cardiff.^[39]^[40]^[41]
	New Zealand^[42]^[43]	bed	[be̝d]	'bed'	The quality varies between near-close front [e̝], near-close near-front [ɪ], close-mid front [e] and close-mid near-front [e̠].^[42] It is typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨e⟩. In the cultivated variety, it is mid [e̞].^[43] See New Zealand English phonology
	Some Australian speakers^[44]				Close-mid [e] in General Australian, may be even lower for some other speakers.^[44] See Australian English phonology
	Some South African speakers^[45]				Used by some General and Broad speakers. In the Broad variety, it is usually lower [ɛ], whereas in the General variety, it can be close-mid [e] instead.^[45] Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨e⟩. See South African English phonology
French	Quebec^[46]	petite	[pət͡sɪt]	'small'	Allophone of /i/ in closed syllables.^[46] See Quebec French phonology
German	Standard^[47]	bitte	[ˈb̥ɪ̞tə]^ⓘ	'please'	Close-mid; for some speakers, it may be as high as [i].^[47] See Standard German phonology
Hindustani^[48]		इरादा/ارادہ/iraadaa	[ɪˈɾäːd̪ä]	'intention'	See Hindustani phonology
Hungarian^[49]		visz	[vɪs]	'to carry'	Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨i⟩. See Hungarian phonology
Icelandic^[10]^[11]		vinur	[ˈʋɪ̞ːnʏ̞ɾ]	'friend'	Close-mid.^[10]^[11] See Icelandic phonology
Kabiye		kabɩyɛ	[kàbɪ̀jɛ̀]	'Kabiye'	-ATR front vowel. See Kabiye language
Kazakh		бір/bır	[bɪ̞ɾ]	'one'	Close-mid. See Kazakh phonology
Limburgish^[50]^[51]		hin	[ɦɪ̞n]	'chicken'	Near-close [ɪ]^[51] or close-mid [ɪ̞],^[50] depending on the dialect. The example word is from the Maastrichtian dialect.
Luxembourgish^[14]		Been	[be̝ːn]	'leg'	Fully front.^[14] Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨eː⟩. See Luxembourgish phonology
Malay		kecil	[kət͡ʃɪl]	'small'	Allophone of /i/ in closed-final syllables. May be [e] or [e̞] depending on the speaker. See Malay phonology
Norwegian^[52]		litt	[lɪ̟tː]	'a little'	The example word is from Urban East Norwegian, in which the vowel has been variously described as near-close front [ɪ̟]^[52] and close front [i].^[53] See Norwegian phonology
Portuguese	Brazilian^[54]	cine	[ˈsinɪ]	'cine'	Reduction and neutralization of unstressed /e/ (can be epenthetic), /ɛ/ and /i/. Can be voiceless. See Portuguese phonology
Russian^[55]^[56]		дерево/derevo	[ˈdʲerʲɪvə]^ⓘ	'tree'	Backness varies between fully front and near-front. It occurs only in unstressed syllables.^[55]^[56] See Russian phonology
Saterland Frisian^[57]		Dee	[de̝ː]	'dough'	Phonetic realization of /eː/ and /ɪ/. Near-close front [e̝ː] in the former case, close-mid near-front [ɪ̞] in the latter. Phonetically, the latter is nearly identical to /ɛː/ ([e̠ː]).^[57]
Sicilian^[58]		unni	[ˈunnɪ]	'Where'	Unstressed allophone of [i]. See Sicilian vowel system
Sinhala^[59]		පිරිමි/pirimi	[ˈpi̞ɾi̞mi̞]	'male'	Fully front;^[59] typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨i⟩.
Slovak^[60]^[61]		rýchly	[ˈri̞ːxli̞]	'fast'	Typically fully front.^[60] See Slovak phonology
Sotho^[16]		ho leka	[hʊ̠lɪ̟kʼɑ̈]	'to attempt'	Fully front; contrasts close, near-close and close-mid front unrounded vowels.^[16] See Sotho phonology
Spanish	Eastern Andalusian^[62]	mis	[mɪ̟ː]	'my' (pl.)	Fully front. It corresponds to [i] in other dialects, but in these dialects they are distinct. See Spanish phonology
	Murcian^[63]	mis	[mɪ̟ː]	'my' (pl.)
	Rioplatense^{[citation needed]}	si
Swedish	Central Standard^[64]^[65]	sill	[s̪ɪ̟l̪ː]^ⓘ	'herring'	The quality has been variously described as close-mid front [ɪ̟˕],^[64] near-close front [ɪ̟]^[65] and close front [i].^[66] See Swedish phonology
Temne^[67]		pim	[pí̞m]	'pick'	Fully front;^[67] typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨i⟩.
Turkish^[68]		müşteri	[my̠ʃt̪ɛ̞ˈɾɪ]	'customer'	Allophone of /i/ described variously as "word-final"^[68] and "occurring in final open syllable of a phrase".^[69] See Turkish phonology
Ukrainian^[70]^[71]		ирій/yrij	[ɪrij]	'Iriy'	See Ukrainian phonology
Welsh		mynydd	[mənɪð]	'mountain'	See Welsh phonology
Yoruba^[72]		kini	[kĩi]	'what'	Fully front; typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨ĩ⟩. It is nasalized, and may be close [ĩ] instead.^[72]

Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel

Near-close near-front unrounded vowel

Features

Occurrence

Notes

References

External links

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