Changes of ministers in the government

Andrej Plenković's two governments were marked by many changes in ministerial positions, a total of 30 ministers. Of its initial lineup in 2016, only the Minister of Culture and Media Nina Obuljen Koržinek, the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure Oleg Butković, the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Croatian Veterans Tomo Medved remained.^[1]

The Bridge ministers Vlaho Orepić (Minister of the Interior), Ante Šprlje (Minister of Justice) and Slaven Dobrović (Minister of Environmental Protection and Energy) were the first to leave the government. They were dismissed by Plenković for refusing to reject the vote of no confidence in Finance Minister Zdravko Marić requested by the opposition. Immediately afterwards, fourth The Bridge member Minister of Administration Ivan Kovačić resigned from the Government, as did Pavo Barišić (Minister of Education) who was facing accusations of plagiarism which were later dismissed by the University of Augsburg.^[1][2]

Scandals also occurred in 2018, which began with the Borg affair that led to the departure of Economy Minister Martina Dalić and her replacement by Darko Horvat, who was incarcerated in Remetinec prison in 2022 after being charged with illegally awarding 2.6 million Kuna.^[1][2]

Minister of Foreign Affairs Davor Ivo Stier resigned after a disagreement with the party leadership, and his successor Marija Pejčinović Burić left in 2019 after being elected Secretary General of the Council of Europe. In 2019, five ministers left the government following a series of scandals. Lovro Kušćević (Minister of Construction and Spatial Planning) after it was found that he conducted illegal real estate brokerage while he was the mayor of Nerežišća on Brač, Goran Marić (Minister of State Property) resigned after a series of real estate scandals. An indictment against Gabrijela Žalac (Minister of Regional Development and European Union Funds) was brought for abuse of position and authority in the "Software affair", and her name was also mentioned in the "Vjetroelektrana affair" with Josipa Rimac. Tomislav Tolušić (Minister of Agriculture) was mentioned in numerous scandals and was later indicted for embezzlement with EU funds, including 2.5 million Kuna for his winery, which he received under irregular circumstances.^[2] Nada Murganić (Minister of Demography, Family, Youth and Social Policy) was dismissed for unsatisfactory performance.^[1][3]

More controversies occurred in 2020, with Minister of Health, Milan Kujundžić leaving the government following a series of real estate scandal. Defense Minister Damir Krstičević resigned after the crash of a military training plane in which two members of the Croatian Air Force died near Biljana Donje near Zadar. He was replaced by Mario Banožić, who left after committing manslaughter while driving irresponsibly.^[1][2] Marko Pavić was removed as Ministry of Regional Development and EU Funds, along with Minister of Tourism Gari Cappelli.^[1] Vesna Bedeković was replaced as Minister for Demography, Family, Youth and Social Policy by Josip Aladrović, who himself was under investigation by USKOK and also resigned.^[1][2]

Nataša Tramišak was replaced as Minister of Regional Development and European Union Funds by Šime Erlić as part of Plenković's personal intentions. Ivan Paladina, Minister of Spatial Planning, Construction and State Property, was removed due to the slow pace of reconstruction after Zagreb and Petrinja earthquakes.^[1][2]

Election date

In 2023, it was reported that the HDZ was preparing to hold elections in April 2024, two months before the elections for members of the European Parliament. From conversations with several high-ranking HDZ members, Jutarnji list reported that that Andrej Plenković would collect advantages with which he will go before the voters and ask for another prime ministerial mandate in the next year, so that the elections can be held before the Easter holidays in 2024.^[4]

On 28 February 2024, Jutarnji list reported that HDZ planned to hold the General Assembly on 17 March 2024 in the Vatroslav Lisinski Concert Hall in Zagreb, three months before the deadline. Information subsequently began to circulate that the Parliament could be dissolved on 22 March, the last day of the 21st session of the Croatian Parliament, and the dissolution could be voted on.^[5] On 8 March, Plenković confirmed the dissolution of parliament on 14 March.^[6]

On 14 March, parliament unanimously voted to dissolve itself, without specifying a date for the election.^[7] The following day, president Zoran Milanović announced that elections will be held on 17 April.^[8][9] For the first time, the election will be held on a Wednesday,^[10] while the 2000 Croatian parliamentary election was held on a Monday.^[11]

Pre-election events

The first pre-election coalition was agreed by The Bridge and Croatian Sovereignists on 8 July 2023, with an open spot for other parties ranging from the center to the right including the Homeland Movement.^[12] Ivan Penava (DP) did not decline the possibility but instead called for Most to join a coalition with DP.^[13] After that DP entered a short-lived alliance with the Croatian Democratic Peasant Party on 16 December 2023.^[14] On 27 March 2024 DP concluded an agreement with Law and Justice, a party which emerged following the unification of The Key of Croatia, Let's Change Croatia and Independent list of Mislav Kolakušić.^[15][16] On the other hand, Most and HS decided to enlarge coalition with the Independent Youth List (NLM) on 22 March 2024.^[17]

On 28 July 2023, a coalition was agreed between two liberal regional parties, the Istrian Democratic Assembly and the Alliance of Primorje-Gorski Kotar, with a main goal to represent Istria and Kvarner in VII and VIII electoral districts. The coalition will also contest the 2024 European Parliament elections.^[18][19] Two more liberal parties, Focus and the People's Party – Reformists announced their cooperation on 10 November 2023. The leader of the Reformists Radimir Čačić said that with a high level of certainty they expect a large expansion of this cooperation with parties close to them, who believe that Croatia is institutionally and as a society trapped by the HDZ, and that this should be stopped and space should be opened for a different, much more modern, more liberal Croatia.^[20] Finally two groups made one single alliance on 9 December 2023. Four party leaders: Davor Nađi (Focus), Dalibor Paus (IDS), Radimir Čačić (NS-R) and Darijo Vasilić (PGS) pointed out that they are running against the HDZ and that after the elections they will not participate in the government with the HDZ, although Čačić did not rule out the possibility of supporting a minority government.^[21] On 5 March 2024, the coalition was formally constituted under the name "For better Croatia".^[22] The coalition later collapsed after Focus decided to ally with the Republic party of Damir Vanđelić, while the Reformists still partnered with IDS and PGS in VII. and VIII constituencies and with the Rivers of Justice coalition in other constutuencues.^[23][24]

Social Democratic Party dissidents led by Davorko Vidović as leader of Social Democrats made an agreement with the Croatian Peasant Party on 7 October 2023, creating the "Our Croatia" (Croatian: Naša Hrvatska) coalition.^[25] Ten days later Croatian Labourists – Labour Party joined coalition emphasizing this is just continued cooperation and trust.^[26] On 2 March 2024, the Democrats joined the coalition, claiming that they recognized the great potential for positive change as well as the courage and ability to gather broadly on the left and center.^[27] HSS left the coalition on 5 March 2024 and joined the Rivers of Justice on 22 March 2024.^[22][28] On 27 March 2024 "Our Croatia" announced a deal with the IDS, PGS and the NPS in III, VII and VIII electoral districts.^[29]

The most anticipated coalition of the 2024 election is an alliance of the main opposition party Social Democratic Party of Croatia and left wing contender We can!. Such an idea was seen as probable because of the big swing that two parties could do together. In spite of that, We can! announced on 27 June 2023 that it would go on their own, leaving the possibility after the election to form a government with parties of the center to the left, including the SDP.^[30] On 1 March 2024, Sandra Benčić (We can!) announced the start of negotiations with the SDP on a "dotted coalition", which means a coalition in constituencies where they do not have enough support individually. In that case, the coalition would be implemented in IV., V., VII. and IX. electoral unit, while in other units the parties would go separately.^[31] On 22 March 2024 Možemo and SDP announced that an agreement was not reached, which means that they will go separately in all constituencies.^[32]

On 17 February 2024, members of the left-liberal opposition held a protest under the name "Enough! Let's go to the elections!" (Croatian: Dosta je! Odmah na izbore!). The protest was organized by SDP, We can!, Centre, IDS, HSS and RF, Focus, SD, NS-Reformists, GLAS and SsIP. The reason for the protest was the appointment of Judge Ivan Turudić as the Attorney General. The day before, the same parties submitted a request for the dissolution of parliament and the holding of early elections. Most and HS joined them with signatures even if they did not participate in the protests.^[33][34] The next protest was held on 23 March 2024 simultaneously in Zagreb, Split, Rijeka, Osijek and Varaždin.^[35]

On 5 March 2024, a large left-liberal future coalition named For better Croatia was announced after inter-party meeting. The coalition will be led by SDP with Peđa Grbin as prime ministerial candidate and will include Focus, NS R, PGS, IDS, Center, HSS, Glas, RF and SsIP.^[22] On 6 March, IDS and PGS claimed there will be no coalition in VIII electoral district with other parties than Focus and NS-R, per previous agreements.^[36] On 17 March, Grbin announced that the Workers' Front would not be part of the coalition, while the Istrian Democratic Assembly, Alliance of Primorje-Gorski Kotar and Fokus left the coalition on 19 March, citing Milanović's candidacy, which is not in accordance with the law, as the reason.^[37][38][39] After the collapse of the coalition, the remaining parties reached an agreement on going to the elections under the Rivers of Justice coalition.^[28]

Following the creation of the opposition coalition, HDZ announced that it would cooperate with HSLS, HDS, HNS and HSU in some electoral districts.^[40][41]

Hours after announcing the election date on 15 March, President Zoran Milanović announced at a press conference that he would be the SDP's candidate for prime minister in the elections,^[42] during which he would run against incumbent prime minister Andrej Plenković in electoral district I.^[43] On 18 March however, the Constitutional Court ruled that Milanović may not be a candidate nor could he actively participate in support of the SDP during the election campaign^[44] unless he resigns from the presidency. In response, Milanović described the ruling as "done in a gangster way".^[45]

Ahead of the election, researchers from the Faculty of Political Science of University of Zagreb have developed an online electoral compass test in cooperation with Kieskompas, which positions the main political parties and the user, based on a set of questions, on the political spectrum.^[46]

Submission of candidate lists

Lists for the election of representatives may be proposed independently by one political party or by two or more political parties (coalition list) which are registered in the Republic of Croatia on the day the Decision to call the elections is announced, or by voters. Voters shall propose independent candidate lists on the basis of validly collected 500 signatures of residents of the Electoral District the list is running in.^[53]

12th Electoral District

Female representation

It is required by the election law that each list running in the election contains at least 40% of both men and women, to ensure equality. For the lists that do not adhere to this rule, the State Electoral Commission (DIP) will report them to The Ombudsperson for Gender Equality and the State's Attorney Office of the Republic of Croatia (DORH) when the parties and candidates proposing those lists can expect a fine of up to 33 000 euros.^[56][57]

Thirty-two out of 165 lists did not respect the rule and will be reported. A number of the main parties respected the rule and have at least six women and men on all their lists, among them Focus/Republic (11 lists), MOST/HS (11), RF (10), the Rivers of Justice coalition (10) and the Our Croatia coalition (eight). On the other hand, the biggest offenders are HDZ, DP/PiP coalition and MP Karolina Vidović Krišto's party OiP. For both HDZ and OiP, the fine could be high as much as 60 000 euros all together. When asked about this, Andrej Plenković responded: "There are many more women than 30, but the circumstances are such that we have a lot of candidates, we try to balance it (...)".^[58][59]

While We Can! holds the record for the most women holding the first place on their lists (six constituencies), HDZ and DP/PiP have none.^[60][61]

Issues

On 12 January 2024, President Zoran Milanović publicly outed HDZ minister Damir Habijan as gay.^[70] It was the first case of outing a political opponent as part of LGBT community without their approval in the political history of the country. The situation caused a wave of reactions, but LGBT rights organizations did not react and a rift was created between the activists of the community.^[71][72] In April, Zagreb Pride released a controversial list of candidates running who are members of the community. The list of 11 candidates, mostly members of We Can!, included three incumbent HDZ officials who either hadn't publicly announced their orientation before or didn't give permission to be on the list, as well as two SDP candidates. Politicians like Peđa Grbin (SDP) and Damir Vanđelić (Republic) condemned the list.^[73][74]

During the campaign, Zoran Milanović voiced his plan to form a broad "national salvation" coalition government of all parties except the currently governing HDZ. He also urged voters to vote for anyone except HDZ.^[75][76] The Bridge stated that they will form a government with any party which accepts their program and PM candidate Nikola Grmoja. Unlike SDP, We Can! strongly rejected participating in a government with the Most or DP, saying they are the only barrier to the right in government. In case of a gridlock in government formation after the election, they are ready to provide confidence and supply to an SDP minority government from Sabor, with the condition that the right does the same and doesn't enter the new cabinet.^[77][78] Ivan Penava stated that We Can! and SDSS are unacceptable as partners for the Homeland Movement, but not SDP.^[79]

During a campaign rally in Split, Andrej Plenković criticized Zoran Milanović, who has espoused supportive stances on Russia, for "pushing Croatia and the Croatian people into the ‘Russian World’". He also compared the Russian invasion of Ukraine to Serbian aggression against Croatia in the 1990s.^[80]

The numerous corruption scandals within the government have weakened the HDZ campaign. Some thirty ministers have had to leave the government in eight years because of corruption.^[81] The scandal involving private WhatsApp messages of former HDZ official Josipa Rimac with the new State Attorney of Croatia Ivan Turudić, that were one of the causes of the 2024 Zagreb protest, continued during the campaign and this time involved the HDZ Minister of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure Oleg Butković. In April, several previously unreleased sets of leaked messages were published by Faktograf.hr that apparently testify to some dubious actions and deal-making by Rimac, involving suspicions of lobbying, influence peddling and nepotism. Butković denied remembering contacts with Rimac.^[82][83][84] In the messages, Rimac also criticized the former Conflict of Interest Commission presidents Nataša Novaković and Dalija Orešković.^[85][86]

Party slogans

Election debates

Unlike in 2016^[119] and 2020,^[120] the leaders of two biggest parties, HDZ and SDP, did not attend a single debate. Peđa Grbin challenged Andrej Plenković to one, but Plenković refused to debate Grbin, as the PM candidate of Rivers of Justice is Zoran Milanović. The Prime Minister refused to debate other political opponents, saying that he doesn't have anyone to debate with. DP leader Ivan Penava and PM candidates Nikola Grmoja (Most) and Sandra Benčić (Možemo!) also challenged Plenković to a debate. Grbin, Grmoja and Benčić all suggested Plenković is afraid and/or called him a coward.^{[121][122][123][124][125]} To the calls to debate them, Plenković responded by saying: "This is a political match in which Grbin capitulated before the formal campaign, Milanović violates the Constitution, and a political trifle, like Most, is not someone we would confront (in a debate)." Plenković, Grbin and Penava all skipped the big HRT debate, while Grmoja and Benčić attended.^[126]

Minority seats

Results by constituency