Insolvency

On 24 October 2011, the board of directors proposed a capital increase of a minimum of €180,677,922.70 to a maximum of €212,562,262.00.^[12] After the capital increase (of €179,573,391^[13]), as at 31 December 2012, the bank had a Tier 1 capital ratio of just 5.62% in consolidated balance sheets, with a shareholders' equity of €959.503 million.^[14] According to a ranking by Ricerche e Studi, a subsidiary of Mediobanca, Banca delle Marche was the 19th largest bank in Italy by total assets as at 31 December 2012.^[15]

On 15 October 2013 it was under special administration (A.S.) by a decree of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, after a temporary administration by the Bank of Italy in August.^[16][17] On 4 August 2014 Credito Fondiario credited Banca delle Marche for €1.8 billion,^[18] which Credito Fondiario also planned to subscribe the new shares of Banca Marche, partnering with Italian deposit insurance fund the Fondo Interbancario di Tutela dei Depositi (FITD).^[19] The plan was approved by the Bank of Italy on 3 December 2014.^[19] However, the plan was scrapped due to European Commission's investigation on state aid.^[20] After Banca Marche failed to repay the loan, Credito Fondiario sold the collaterals in May–June 2015,^[18] which fully reimbursed the loan, with an excess amount was return to Banca Marche in June.^[21]

Another capital injection of more than €2 billion to Banca Marche, Banca Etruria, Carife, and CariChieti by FITD was planned in late 2015, (€1.2 billion maximum for Banca Marche)^[22][23] subject to the permission from the Bank of Italy and European Central Bank.^[24]

Eventually they were bail-out by [Italian] National Resolution Fund (Italian: Fondo Nazionale di Risoluzione) on 22 November instead, for about €3.7 billion in total (€840 million for purchasing new shares of Banca Marche and an additional €1.206 billion to cover the previous loss of Banca Marche).^{[25][26][27]: 9} The rescue of the four banks were in line with EU Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive, which was in force in Italy in late 2015. The Bank of Italy was the assigned "national resolution authority" of this mechanism.^[28] As the plans were following the directive, they were approved by the European Commission.^[28] Banca Marche assets and liabilities would split into good and bad bank, while the old bank would be liquidated,^[29] which the shareholders and subordinated bond holders would receive nothing due to bail-in.^[26] Among the former shareholders of the bank, as at 31 December 2015 Fondazione Carima had a net assets of €74,227,538, decreased from €154,175,111 year-to-year,^[30] while Fondazione CR Pesaro had a net assets of €65,594,243, decreased from €169,830,262 year-to-year.^[31] Fondazione CR Jesi suffered the most, which decreased from €76,388,622 to €10,989,510 year-to-year,^[32] all majority due to the write-down of the stake of old Banca delle Marche.

On 3 May 2016, Decree-Law No.59/2016 was announced, which the retail investors of the bond of the 4 banks would be refunded (up to €100,000, same as deposit insurance) if they purchased the bond on or before 12 June 2014.^[33] The decree-law was a response to the criticism of the bail-in of all junior investors of the bank, which Italian bank often sold risky bond of themselves to their depositors. The refund scheme: Fondo di solidarietà, would be managed by FITD.^[34]

Nuova Banca Marche / Banca Adriatica

On 22 November 2015 the bank was split into a bad and good bank, which the good bank was called Nuova Banca delle Marche.^[35] The new bank had a provisional share capital of €1.041 billion^[36] and an estimated Tier 1 capital ratio of 9%.^[37] While the bad debts were transferred to a single "bad bank" REV - Gestione Crediti, which was shared with Carichieti, Carife and Banca Etruria.^[38] The transfer of the bad debt was completed in early 2016.

In March 2016 a plan to absorb Medioleasing into Nuova Banca delle Marche was announced.^[39] On 1 August it became effective.^[40] Focus Gestioni SGR, the asset management subsidiary of the bank, was also entered voluntary liquidation.

On 12 January 2017, UBI Banca made a binding bid of a nominal €1 for Nuova Banca Marche, Nuova CariChieti and Nuova Banca Etruria. The banking group also requested conditions that the balance sheets of the three banks would be cleaned up before the completion of the deal (which was done by selling NPLs to Atlante II and Credito Fondiario) as well as recapitalized for another €713 million (was estimated €450 million), by the National Resolution Fund. On 18 January the bid was accepted.^[41] On 10 May, the transaction was completed, which Nuova Banca Marche was renamed to Banca Adriatica.^[42] On the same day, a plan to merge the 3 banks into UBI Banca was also announced.

On 23 October 2017, the merger was completed.^[43][44]