Orders_of_magnitude_(power)

Orders of magnitude (power)

Orders of magnitude (power)

Units of measure for Watts (W) with examples

This page lists examples of the power in watts produced by various sources of energy. They are grouped by orders of magnitude from small to large.

Below 1 W

See also: dBm § Table_of_Examples
More information Factor (watts), SI prefix ...

1 to 102 W

More information Factor (watts), SI prefix ...

103 to 108 W

103 kilo- (kW) 1–3 × 103 W tech: heat output of a domestic electric kettle
1.1 × 103 W tech: power of a microwave oven
1.366 × 103 W astro: power per square metre received from the Sun at the Earth's orbit
1.5 × 103 W tech: legal limit of power output of an amateur radio station in the United States
up to 2 × 103 W biomed: approximate short-time power output of sprinting professional cyclists and weightlifters doing snatch lifts
2.4 × 103 W geo: average power consumption per person worldwide in 2008 (21,283 kWh/year)
3.3–6.6 × 103 W eco: average photosynthetic power output per square kilometer of ocean[23]
3.6 × 103 W tech: synchrotron radiation power lost per ring in the Large Hadron Collider at 7000 GeV[6]
104 1–5 × 104 W tech: nominal power of clear channel AM[24]
1.00 × 104 W eco: average power consumption per person in the United States in 2008 (87,216 kWh/year)
1.4 × 104 W tech: average power consumption of an electric car on EPA's Highway test schedule[25][26]
1.45 × 104 W astro: power per square metre received from the Sun at Mercury's orbit at perihelion
1.6–3.2 × 104 W eco: average photosynthetic power output per square kilometer of land[23]
3 × 104 W tech: power generated by the four motors of GEN H-4 one-man helicopter
4–20 × 104 W tech: approximate range of peak power output of typical automobiles (50-250 hp)
5–10 × 104 W tech: highest allowed ERP for an FM band radio station in the United States[27]
105 1.67 × 105 W tech: power consumption of UNIVAC 1 computer
2.5–8 × 105 W tech: approximate range of power output of 'supercars' (300 to 1000 hp)
4.5 × 105 W tech: approximate maximum power output of a large 18-wheeler truck engine (600 hp)
106 mega- (MW) 1.3 × 106 W tech: power output of P-51 Mustang fighter aircraft
2.0 × 106 W tech: peak power output of GE's standard wind turbine
2.4 × 106 W tech: peak power output of a Princess Coronation class steam locomotive (approx 3.3K EDHP on test) (1937)
2.5 × 106 W biomed: peak power output of a blue whale
3 × 106 W tech: mechanical power output of a diesel locomotive
4.4 × 106 W tech: total mechanical power output of Titanic's coal-fueled steam engines[28]
7 × 106 W tech: mechanical power output of a Top Fuel dragster
8 × 106 W tech: peak power output of the MHI Vestas V164, the world's largest offshore wind turbine
107 1 × 107 W tech: highest ERP allowed for an UHF television station
1.03 × 107 W geo: electrical power output of Togo
1.22 × 107 W tech: approx power available to a Eurostar 20-carriage train
1.6 × 107 W tech: rate at which a typical gasoline pump transfers chemical energy to a vehicle
2.6 × 107 W tech: peak power output of the reactor of a Los Angeles-class nuclear submarine
7.5 × 107 W tech: maximum power output of one GE90 jet engine as installed on the Boeing 777
108 1.4 × 108 W tech: average power consumption of a Boeing 747 passenger aircraft
1.9 × 108 W tech: peak power output of a Nimitz-class aircraft carrier
5 × 108 W tech: typical power output of a Fossil fuel power station
9 × 108 W tech: electric power output of a CANDU nuclear reactor
9.59 × 108 W geo: average electrical power consumption of Zimbabwe in 1998
9.86 × 108 W astro: approximate solar power received by the dwarf planet Sedna at its aphelion (937 AU)

The productive capacity of electrical generators operated by utility companies is often measured in MW. Few things can sustain the transfer or consumption of energy on this scale; some of these events or entities include: lightning strikes, naval craft (such as aircraft carriers and submarines), engineering hardware, and some scientific research equipment (such as supercolliders and large lasers).

For reference, about 10,000 100-watt lightbulbs or 5,000 computer systems would be needed to draw 1 MW. Also, 1 MW is approximately 1360 horsepower. Modern high-power diesel-electric locomotives typically have a peak power of 3–5 MW, while a typical modern nuclear power plant produces on the order of 500–2000 MW peak output.

109 to 1014 W

109 giga- (GW)

1.3 × 109

 tech: electric power output of Manitoba Hydro Limestone hydroelectric generating station
2.074 × 109 tech: peak power generation of Hoover Dam
2.1 × 109 tech: peak power generation of Aswan Dam
3.4 × 109 tech: estimated power consumption of the Bitcoin network in 2017[29]
4.116 × 109 tech: installed capacity of Kendal Power Station, the world's largest coal-fired power plant.
1010 1.17 × 1010 tech: power produced by the Space Shuttle in liftoff configuration (9.875 GW from the SRBs; 1.9875 GW from the SSMEs.)[30]
1.26 × 1010 tech: electrical power generation of the Itaipu Dam
1.27 × 1010 geo: average electrical power consumption of Norway in 1998
2.25 × 1010 tech: peak electrical power generation of the Three Gorges Dam, the power plant with the world's largest generating capacity of any type.[31]
2.24 × 1010 tech: peak power of all German solar panels (at noon on a cloudless day), researched by the Fraunhofer ISE research institute in 2014[32]
5.027 × 1010 tech: peak electrical power consumption of California Independent System Operator users between 1998 and 2018, recorded at 14:44 Pacific Time, July 24, 2006.[33]
5.22 × 1010 tech: China total nuclear power capacity as of 2022.[34]
5.5 × 1010 tech: peak daily electrical power consumption of Great Britain in November 2008.[35]
7.31 × 1010 tech: total installed power capacity of Turkey on December 31, 2015.[36]
9.55 × 1010 tech: United States total nuclear power capacity as of 2022.[34]
1011 1.016 × 1011 tech: peak electrical power consumption of France (February 8, 2012 at 7:00 pm)
1.12 × 1011 tech: United States total installed solar capacity as of 2022.[37]
1.41 × 1011 tech: United States total wind turbine capacity in 2022.[37]
1.66 × 1011 tech: average power consumption of the first stage of the Saturn V rocket.[38][39]
3.66 × 1011 tech: China total wind turbine capacity in 2022.[37]
3.92 × 1011 tech: China total installed solar capacity as of 2022.[37]
7 × 1011 biomed: humankind basal metabolic rate as of 2013 (7 billion people).
8.99 × 1011 tech: worldwide wind turbine capacity at end of 2022.[37]
1012 tera- (TW) 1.062 × 1012 tech: worldwide installed solar capacity at end of 2022.[37]
2 × 1012 astro: approximate power generated between the surfaces of Jupiter and its moon Io due to Jupiter's tremendous magnetic field.[40]
3.34 × 1012 geo: average total (gas, electricity, etc.) power consumption of the US in 2005[41]
1013 2.04 × 1013 tech: average rate of power consumption of humanity over 2022.[42]
4.7 × 1013 geo: average total heat flow at Earth's surface which originates from its interior.[43] Main sources are roughly equal amounts of radioactive decay and residual heat from Earth's formation.[44]
5–20 × 1013 weather: rate of heat energy release by a hurricane[citation needed]
1014 1.4 × 1014 eco: global net primary production (= biomass production) via photosynthesis[45]
2.9 × 1014 tech: the power the Z machine reaches in 1 billionth of a second when it is fired[citation needed]
3 × 1014 weather: Hurricane Katrina's rate of release of latent heat energy into the air.[46]
3 × 1014 tech: power reached by the extremely high-power Hercules laser from the University of Michigan.[citation needed]
4.6 × 1014 geo: estimated rate of net global heating, evaluated as Earth's energy imbalance, from 2005 to 2019.[47][48] The rate of ocean heat uptake approximately doubled over this period.[49]

1015 to 1026 W

1015 peta- ~2 × 1.00 × 1015 W tech: Omega EP laser power at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics. There are two separate beams that are combined.
1.4 × 1015 W geo: estimated heat flux transported by the Gulf Stream.
5 × 1015 W geo: estimated net heat flux transported from Earth's equator and towards each pole. Value is a latitudinal maximum arising near 40° in each hemisphere.[50][51]
7 × 1015 W tech: worlds most powerful laser in operation (claimed on February 7, 2019, by Extreme Light Infrastructure – Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) at Magurele, Romania)[52]
1016 1.03 × 1016 W tech: world's most powerful laser pulses (claimed on October 24, 2017, by SULF of Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics).[53]
1–10 × 1016 W tech: estimated total power output of a Type-I civilization on the Kardashev scale.[54]
1017 1.73 × 1017 W astro: total power received by Earth from the Sun[55]
2 × 1017 W tech: planned peak power of Extreme Light Infrastructure laser[56]
4.6 × 1017 W astro: total internal heat flux of Jupiter[57]
1018 exa- (EW) In a keynote presentation, NIF & Photon Science Chief Technology Officer Chris Barty described the "Nexawatt" Laser, an exawatt (1,000-petawatt) laser concept based on NIF technologies, on April 13 at the SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics 2015 Conference in Prague. Barty also gave an invited talk on "Laser-Based Nuclear Photonics" at the SPIE meeting.[58]
1021 zetta- (ZW)
1022 5.31 × 1022 W astro: approximate luminosity of 2MASS J0523−1403, the least luminous star known.[59]
1023 4.08 × 1023 W astro: approximate luminosity of Wolf 359
1024 yotta- (YW) 5.3 × 1024 W tech: estimated power of the Tsar Bomba hydrogen bomb detonation[60]
9.8 × 1024 W astro: approximate luminosity of Sirius b, Sirius's white dwarf companion.[61][62]
1026 1 × 1026 W tech: power generating capacity of a Type-II civilization on the Kardashev scale.[54]
3.828 × 1026 W astro: luminosity of the Sun[63]
7.67 × 1026 W astro: approximate luminosity of Alpha Centauri, the closest (triple) star system.[64]
1027 9.77 × 1027 W astro: approximate luminosity of Sirius, the visibly brightest star as viewed from Earth.[65]
1028 6.51 × 1028 W astro: approximate luminosity of Arcturus, a solar-mass red giant[66]

Over 1027 W

1030 quetta- (QW) 1.99 × 1030 W astro: peak luminosity of the Sun in its thermally-pulsing, late AGB phase (≈5200x present)[67]
4.1 × 1030 W astro: approximate luminosity of Canopus[68]
1031 2.53 × 1031 W astro: approximate luminosity of the Beta Centauri triple star system[69]
1032 1.23 × 1032 W astro: approximate luminosity of Deneb
1033 Quetkilo- (QkW) 1.79 × 1033 W astro: approximate luminosity of R136a1[70]
2.1 × 1033 W astro: approximate luminosity of the Eta Carinae system[71]
1034 4 × 1034 W tech: approximate power used by a type III civilization in the Kardashev scale.[54]
1036 Quetmega- (QMW) 5.7 × 1036 W astro: approximate luminosity of the Milky Way galaxy[72][73]
1037 4 × 1037 W astro: approximate internal luminosity of the Sun for a few seconds as it undergoes a helium flash.[74][75]
1038 2.2 × 1038 W astro: approximate luminosity of the extremely luminous supernova ASASSN-15lh[76][77]
1039 Quetgiga- (QGW) 1 × 1039 W astro: average luminosity of a quasar
1.57 × 1039 W astro: approximate luminosity of 3C273, the brightest quasar seen from Earth[78]
1040 5 × 1040 W astro: approximate peak luminosity of the energetic fast blue optical transient CSS161010[79]
1041 1 × 1041 W astro: approximate luminosity of the most luminous quasars in our universe, e.g., APM 08279+5255 and HS 1946+7658.[80]
1042 Quettera- (QTW) 1.7 × 1042 W astro: approximate luminosity of the Laniakea Supercluster[81][82]
3 × 1042 W astro: approximate luminosity of an average gamma-ray burst[83]
1043 2.2 × 1043 W astro: average stellar luminosity in one cubic gigalight-year of space
1045 Quetpeta- (QPW)
1046 1 × 1046 W astro: record for maximum beaming-corrected intrinsic luminosity ever achieved by a gamma-ray burst[84]
1047 7.519 × 1047 W phys: Hawking radiation luminosity of a Planck mass black hole[85]
1048 Quetexa- (QEW) 9.5 × 1048 W astro: luminosity of the entire Observable universe[86] ≈ 24.6 billion trillion solar luminosity.
1049 3.6 × 1049 W astro: peak gravitational wave radiative power of GW150914, the merger event of two distant stellar-mass black holes. It is attributed to the first observation of gravitational waves.[87]
1052 3.63 × 1052 W phys: the unit of power as expressed under the Planck units,[note 1] at which the definition of power under modern conceptualizations of physics breaks down. Equivalent to one Planck mass-energy per Planck time.

See also

Notes

  1. [N 1]

References

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