Our_Lady_and_the_English_Martyrs_Church

Our Lady and the English Martyrs Church

Our Lady and the English Martyrs Church

Church in Cambridge, England

The Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and the English Martyrs, also known as the Church of Our Lady and the English Martyrs (OLEM), is an English Roman Catholic parish church located at the junction of Hills Road and Lensfield Road in southeast Cambridge. It is a large Gothic Revival church built between 1885 and 1890,[1] and is a Grade I listed building.

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Foundation

See also: Catholic Emancipation

The first post-reformation Roman Catholic church, St Andrew's Catholic Church, was opened in Cambridge in 1843;[2] this remained the only chapel available for Roman Catholics in Cambridge until the construction of OLEM. In 1865, the parish priest Canon Thomas Quinlivan acquired additional adjacent land, but funds could not be raised for construction. With the aid of the Duke of Norfolk, the Lensfield estate was purchased in 1879. The task of raising more funds fell to Quinlivan's successor, Monsignor Christopher Scott. On the Feast of the Assumption, 1884, the former ballerina Yolande Lyne-Stephens, widow of Stephens Lyne-Stephens, who was reputed to be the richest commoner in England, offered to provide £70,000 for construction of a church on the site[3] (equivalent to £8 million in 2019[4]).

The building work was undertaken by Rattee and Kett,[5] and began in 1885, following plans of the architects Dunn and Hansom, and the foundation stone was laid in June 1887. The construction of a new Roman Catholic church on such a prominent site, as well as its dedication to the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales, caused much controversy among local Anglicans and members of the University. Despite the ill health of Mrs Lyne-Stephens the church was completed and then consecrated on 8 October 1890. The first Mass was attended by all the Roman Catholic bishops of England and Wales except for Cardinal Manning and Bishop Vaughan.[3] St Andrew's Church was dismantled and re-built in St Ives, Cambridgeshire as Sacred Heart Church in 1902.

History

After its opening, the church saw a great rise in the number of Catholics in the parish. This was partly due to Fr Robert Benson's reputation as a preacher, as well as Mgr Scott's work as parish priest. OLEM also hosted the 1921 Bible Congress, the greatest Catholic gathering in Cambridge since the English Reformation. Between 1922 and 1946, the church was used by the Cambridge Summer School of Catholic Studies.[6]

In a 1941 air raid, a small bomb struck the sacristy, blowing a six-foot hole in the roof and another in the wall of the Sacred Heart chapel. The blast also shattered most of the windows and collapsed part of the organ gallery. The repairs, including replacement windows to the original designs, cost at least £35,000 (equivalent to £1.4 million in 2019[4]).[6]

Architecture

The building, one of the largest Catholic churches in the United Kingdom, is designed in the Gothic revival style and follows the traditional cruciform layout.[6] It features a polygonal apse and a central lantern tower. The construction includes Casterton stone for the foundation, Ancaster for the plinth, the remainder being Combe Down stone. The interior is constructed in Bath stone, Plymouth marble and Newbiggin stone. The spire, the tallest in Cambridge, reaches 214 feet (65 m) and can be seen for several miles.[6]

The stained-glass windows depict, among other things, dedications of Cambridge Colleges and scenes from the lives of English martyrs, in particular St John Fisher.[6]

To bring the sanctuary in line with the percieved liturgical directives resulting from the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), its design and re-ordering was done by Gerard Goalen of Harlow. On 7 April 1973, Charles Grant, the Bishop of Northampton, consecrated the present central altar. The original high altar has subsequently been used mainly for reservation of the Blessed Sacrament.[1]

The church was upgraded to Grade I listed building in 2022 from Grade II*.[7]

Rectory

The rectory is immediately to the south of the church and dates from around 1890. In the Tudor style, of red brick with stone dressings and a castellated slate roof, it is a Grade II listed building.[8]

Renaissance statue

The church houses a mid-16th-century statue of the virgin and child, in oak and about half life size.[9] The statue is said to have been discovered at Emmanuel College in 1850, and is supposedly the same statue that Thomas Cromwell ordered to be removed on 30 August 1538.[6] A notice under the statue reads: "This ancient statue of Our Lady was formerly in the Dominican priory which occupied the site of Emmanuel College".

Music

The Choir of Our Lady and the English Martyrs is semi-professional and includes former university choral scholars. A second choir, the Schola Cantorum, sings almost exclusively in Latin, and sings polyphony and Gregorian chant in the weekly solemn Latin Mass.[10]

The organ was built in 1890 by Abbott and Smith to a specification by the composer Charles Villiers Stanford. The organ was renovated in 2002 by Nicholson & Co Ltd.[11][12]

The belfry houses a ring of eight bells hung for change ringing, with a ninth for the Angelus. All the bells were cast in 1895 by John Taylor & Co of Loughborough.[13] Each bell bears an inscription as follows: Treble B. Johannes Fisher o.p.n. (ora pro nobis) MDCCCXCV – Johannes Taylor fecit S Christophere o.p.n.; S. Felix o.p.n.; S. Gregori o.p.n.; S. Andrea o.p.n.; S. Petre o.p.n.; S. Joseph o.p.n.; Tenor Maria Immaculata Regina Angelorum o.p.n. MDCCCXCV Johannes Taylor fecit Angelus/Consecration Bell S. Thoma Cantuariensis o.p.n.

The tenor bell weighs 31 long cwt 2 qr 5 lb (3,533 lb or 1,603 kg), and is believed to be the largest in Cambridgeshire.

The chimes heard at each quarter-hour of the clock, made by Potts of Leeds, are based upon the "Alleluia" chant for the Easter Vigil.

References

  1. [1]
    "OLEM History". olem.org.uk.
  2. [2]
    "The Church Building". Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Church. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
  3. [3]
    Wilkins, Philip S. (1990). Our Lady and the English Martyrs Cambridge 1890–1990.
  4. [4]
    United Kingdom Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth "consistent series" supplied in Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2018). "What Was the U.K. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  5. [5]
    "Rattee and Kett" (PDF). Capturing Cambridge. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  6. [6]
    Wilkins, Philip S. (1985). Our Lady and the English Martyrs Cambridge (3rd ed.). Glasgow: John S. Burns & Sons.
  7. [7]
    Historic England. "The Church Of Our Lady & The English Martyrs, Cambridge (Grade I) (1349061)". National Heritage List for England.
  8. [8]
    "Rectory of The Church of Our Lady and The English Martyrs (Roman Catholic)". Historic England. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  9. [9]
    Royal Commission on Historical Monuments, England (1959). An inventory of the historical monuments in the City of Cambridge. London: HMSO. pp. 298–304. OCLC 858489102.
  10. [10]
    "Choirs and Instrumental". Our Lady and the English Martyrs.
  11. [11]
    "The Abbott & Smith Organ". Our Lady and the English Martyrs.
  12. [12]
    "NPOR [R00642]". National Pipe Organ Register. British Institute of Organ Studies. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  13. [13]
    "Cambridge—Our Lady & Eng Martyrs". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. 4 June 2008. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
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