Padmavati_(Jainism)

Padmavati (Jainism)

Padmavati (Jainism)

Goddess in Jainism

Padmāvatī is the protective goddess or śāsana devī (शासनदेवी) of Pārśvanātha, the twenty-third Jain tīrthāṅkara, complimenting Parshwa yaksha in Swetambara and Dharanendra in digambar the shasan deva.[1] She is a yakshini (attendant goddess) of Parshwanatha.[2]

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Jain biography

There is another pair of souls of a nāga and nāginī who were saved by Parshwanath while being burnt alive in a log of wood by the tapas kamath, and who were subsequently reborn as Indra (Dharanendra in particular) and Padmavati (different from sashan devi) after their death.[3] According to the Jain tradition, Padmavati and her husband Dharanendra protected Lord Parshvanatha when he was harassed by Meghmali.[4][5] After Padmavati rescued Parshvanatha grew subsequently powerful in to yakshi, a powerful tantric deity and surpassed other snake goddess Vairotya.[6]

Legacy

Worship

9th century Padmavati relief in Chitharal Jain Monuments

Goddess Padmavati along with Ambika, Chakreshvari are held as esteemed deities and worshipped by Jains along with tirthankaras.[7][8] Ambika and Padmavati are associated with tantric rituals. Both Padmavati and Dharanendra are revered exclusively as powerful intercessor deities.[1] These tantric rites involves yantra-vidhi, pitha-sthapana and mantra-puja.[9][6] Friday of every week is particularly popular day to worship the Goddess.[10]

In literature

  • Bhairava-Padmavati-Kalpa written by Mallisena in 12th century is tantric text to worship Padmavati. The text discusses rites connected with Padmavati, namely, stambha, vasya, akarsana, nimitta-jnana, garuda tantra etc.[11]
  • Adbhuta-Padmavati-Kalpa is Shvetambar text composed by Shri Chandra Suri, 12th century.[11]
  • Padmavati-astaka composed by Shvetambar scholar Parshvadeva gani is commentary of various tantric rites.[11]
  • Padmavati-catusadika composed by Jinaprabha suri.[11]
  • Padmavati-Pujanama, Padmavati-strota, Padmavati-sahasra-nama-strota, Rakta-Padmavati-Kalpa are tantric text dedicated to Padmavati.[11]

Iconography

A snake's hood covers her head, and she sits on a lotus flower. Often a small image of the Lord Parshvanatha is placed in her crown. She may be depicted as four-armed, carrying noose and rosary (japa mala), elephant goad, lotus and a fruit.[4] Yaksha-Yakshi pair sculptures of Padmavati Ambika and Dharanendra are one of the most favoured along with Gomukha-Chakreshwari and Sarvahanabhuti-Ambika.[12]

Main temples

See also

References

Citation

  1. [1]
    Cort 2010, p. 186.
  2. [2]
    Cort 1987, pp. 235–255.
  3. [3]
    Babb 1996, p. 33.
  4. [4]
    Jain & Fischer 1978, p. 21.
  5. [5]
    Sūri, Raval & Shah 1987, p. 267.
  6. [6]
    Shah 1987, p. 221.
  7. [7]
    Krishna 2014, p. 68.
  8. [8]
    Chawdhri 1992, p. 128.
  9. [9]
    Tiwari 1989, p. 29.
  10. [10]
    Dundas 2002, pp. 213–214.
  11. [11]
    Shah 1987, p. 277.
  12. [12]
    Tiwari 1989, p. 13.

Source

  • Dundas, Paul (2002) [1992], The Jains (Second ed.), London and New York: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-26605-5
  • Shah, Umakant P. (1987), Jaina Iconography, Abhinav Publications, ISBN 978-81-7017-208-6
  • Jain, Jyotindra; Fischer, Eberhard (1978), Jaina Iconography, Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN 978-90-04-05259-8
  • Cort, John (2010). Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199739578.
  • Babb, Lawrence A. (1996). Absent Lord: Ascetics and Kings in a Jain Ritual Culture. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520203242. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  • Tiwari, Dr. Maruti Nandan Prasad (1989). Ambika in Jaina Art and Literature. Bharatiya Jnanpith.
  • Krishna, Nanditha (2014). Sacred Plants of India. Penguin UK. ISBN 9789351186915.
  • Chawdhri, L. R. (1992). Secrets of Yantra, Mantra and Tantra. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 9781845570224.
  • Sūri, Padmasundara; Raval, D. P; Shah, Nagin J (1987). Padmasundarasūriviracita Yadusundaramahākāvya. L. D. Series 105 (in Sanskrit). Ahamadābād: Lālabhāī Dalapatabhāī Bhāratīya Saṃskṛti Vidyāmadira.
  • Cort, John (1 January 1987). "Medieval Jaina Goddess Traditions". Numen. 34 (2): 235–255. doi:10.1163/156852787x00047. ISSN 1568-5276.
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