Controls

In 2015, the controls were in the following towns.^[1] All controls except for St Quentin and Brest are visited in both the westbound and eastbound directions.

• Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (start and finish)
• Dreux
• Mortagne-au-Perche
• Villaines-la-Juhel
• Fougères
• Tinténiac
• Quédillac
• Loudéac
• Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem
• Carhaix-Plouguer
• Brest

The 2019 event started and ended at the National Sheepfold, Rambouillet and the 2023 event in front of the castle of Rambouillet.

1891

In an era when diamond safety frames and pneumatic tires were taking over from high-wheelers with solid rubber tires, Paris-Brest was an "épreuve," a test of the bicycle's reliability. Giffard promoted the event through editorials signed "Jean-sans-Terre." He wrote of self-sufficient riders carrying their own food and clothing. Riders would ride the same bicycle for the duration. Only Frenchmen were allowed to enter, and 207 participated.

The first (1891) Paris-Brest saw Michelin's Charles Terront and Dunlop's Jiel-Laval contest the lead. Terront prevailed, passing Jiel-Laval as he slept during the third night, to finish in 71 hours 22 minutes. Both had flats that took an hour to repair but enjoyed an advantage over riders on solid tires. Ultimately, 99 of the 207 finished.^[2][3][4]

The race was a coup for Le Petit Journal, bringing circulation increases. However, the logistics were daunting enough that organizers settled on a ten-year interval between editions.

1901 to 1951

The 1901 Paris-Brest was sponsored not only by Le Petit Journal but L'Auto-Velo, edited by Henri Desgrange. For the first time, professionals were segregated from the "touriste-routier" group (in which a 65-year-old finished in just over 200 hours). The newspapers organized a telegraph system to relay results to their Paris presses, and the public followed the exploits of Maurice Garin, who won in just over 52 hours over 112 other professionals.

So many newspapers were sold that Géo Lefèvre at L'Auto suggested an even bigger race, the Tour de France. Under Henri Desgrange's leadership, the first Tour happened in 1903.

The 1911 event saw pack riding rather than solo breaks. Five riders stayed together until nearly the last control, Emile Georget finally pulling away from Ernest Paul to finish in 50 hours and 13 minutes.

The 1921 event, following World War I, was small, with 43 professionals and 65 touriste-routiers. It was fought between Eugène Christophe and Lucien Mottiat, Mottiat finally prevailing in 55 hours 7 minutes.

In 1931, there was a change in the regulations. Proposed by André Griffe (president of the Union des Audax Cyclistes Parisiens), Desgrange (president of l'Auto) replaced the touriste-routier group by an Audax, where cyclists rode in groups of 10 at an average 20kmh (22.5kmh since 1961).

Many people disliked that change. So Camille Durand (president of the Audax Club Parisien, ACP) organised another PBP at the same time on the same road. Cyclists could ride individually (French allure libre) and there was a limit of 96 hours. 57 participated, among them two women, a tandem with two men, four mixed tandems and a triplet.

The 1931 professional event saw victory by Australian Hubert Opperman with a sprint on the finish velodrome after his long solo breakaway was neutralized just outside Paris. Opperman's finishing time was a record 49 hours 21 minutes, despite constant rain. His diet included 12 pounds of celery, which he thought an important energy source (celery's energy content is minuscule, but it may have been a source of fluid and salt).

Owing to World War II, the 1941 PBP was postponed to 1948, when L'Equipe sponsored the event. Of 52 pros, Albert Hendrickx proved strongest, winning in a sprint over fellow Belgian François Neuville.

Three years later, the 1951 event saw Maurice Diot win in a record time of 38 hours 55 minutes. It is the last time PBP has been raced by professionals and from then on the course used smaller roads and more hills. Diot won a sprint over breakaway companion Eduoard Muller after waiting for Muller to fix a puncture in Trappes, 22 km from the finish.

1956 to present: amateur event

Though listed on the professional calendar in 1956 and 1961, too few racers signed up to make the event happen. Nonetheless, hundreds of randonneurs turned out. And the randonneur division even featured racing, René Herse-sponsored Roger Baumann winning over Lheuillier in 52 hours 19 minutes.^[7]

PBP was held every five years between 1956 and 1975, with more participants and less media coverage.^[8] From 1948 until the 1980s, the randonneur event included a "Challenge des Constructeurs" for the bicycle maker with the three best-placed riders. René Herse won this "Challenge" every time from 1948 until 1971, and again in 1975. No other builder won the "Challenge" more than once.^[9]

The Belgian former professional Herman de Munck came 5th in 66, first in 71, 75, 79 and 83. He was disqualified in 79, most believe unfairly. De Munck continues to place highly, finishing the 1999 PBP 109th place at the age of 60.

The randonneur Paris–Brest–Paris has always allowed women to participate.^[10] In 1975, Chantal de la Cruz and Nicole Chabriand lowered the women's time to 57 hours. In 1979, Suzy de Carvalho finished in 57h02m.

American Scott Dickson came third in 1979, though at just less than 49 hours he was four hours behind the winners. In 1983 he again came third, this time by only one hour. He won his first PBP in 1987 by breaking away in Brest, aided by a tailwind and a few strong riders from the "touring" group, which that year started many hours before the "racing" group. Dickson also won in 1991 and in 1995.

Susan Notorangelo set a women's record of 54 hours 40 minutes in 1983, this was bettered in 1995 when by Brigitte Kerlouet 44 hours 14 minutes. American Melinda Lyon finished as first woman in 1999 and 2003. In 2007 the first woman was Christiane Thibault, and in 2011 it was Isabelle Esclangon, both from France.

The 2007 Paris–Brest–Paris was the first poor weather event since 1987. It was the worst weather PBP riders had faced since 1956. 30.2% failed to finish.^{[citation needed]}

Professional era

More information Year, Rider ...

Year	Rider	Team	Time	Second	Third
1891	Charles Terront	Bayonne	71 hours 22 minutes	Pierre Jiel-Laval	Henri Coullibeuf
1901	Maurice Garin	La Française	52 hours plus	Gaston Rivierre	Hippolyte Aucouturier
1911	Émile Georget	Coureur de vitesse	50 hours 13 minutes.	Octave Lapize	Ernest Paul
1921	Louis Mottiat	Coureur de vitesse	55 hours 7 minutes	Eugène Christophe	Émile Masson senior
1931	Hubert Opperman	Alleluia-Wolber	49 hours 21 minutes	Léon Louyet	Giuseppe Pancera
1948	Albert Hendrickx	Independent	41 hours 36 mins 42 secs	François Neuville	Mario Fazio
1951	Maurice Diot	Mercier - Hutchinson	38 hours 55 minutes.	Édouard Muller	Marcel Hendrickx

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Amateur era

More information Year, Rider ...

Year	Rider	Time
1931	Alexis Cottard	68h 30'
1948	Jo Routens	49h 20'
1951	Jo Routens	47h 54'
1956	Jo Routens	50h 29'
1961	Jean Fouace	46h 18'
1966	Robert Demilly & Maurice Macaudiere	44h 21'
1971	Herman De Munck	45h 39'
1975	Yves Cohen	43h 27'
1979	Pierre Baleydier	44h 01'
1983	Herman De Munck	43h 24'
1987	Scott Dickson	44h 05'
1991	Scott Dickson	43h 42'
1995	Scott Dickson	43h 20'
1999	Philippe Deplaix and Christophe Bocquet	44h 22'
2003	Marc Leuckx and 5 Frenchmen	42h 40'
2007	Michel Mingant	44h 33'
2011	Christophe Bocquet	44h 13'
2015	Björn Lenhard	42h 26'
2019	Hajo Eckstein	43h 49'
2023	Nicolas De Haan	41h 46'

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