Dom Peter III (Portuguese: Pedro III,^[1] pronounced [ˈpeðɾu tɨɾˈsɐjɾu]; 5 July 1717 – 25 May 1786), nicknamed the Builder, was King of Portugal from 24 February 1777 to his death in 1786 as the co-ruler of his wife and niece, Queen Dona Maria I.^[2]

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Quick Facts King of Portugal (jure uxoris), Reign ...

Peter III
Portrait by Vieira Lusitano, c. 1760–70.
King of Portugal (jure uxoris)
Reign	24 February 1777 – 25 May 1786
Predecessor	Joseph I
Successor	Maria I
Co-monarch	Maria I
Born	(1717-07-05)5 July 1717 Lisbon, Portugal
Died	25 May 1786(1786-05-25) (aged 68) Queluz, Portugal
Burial	Pantheon of the Braganzas
Spouse	Maria I of Portugal (m. 1760)
Issue Detail	Joseph, Prince of Brazil John VI, King of Portugal Infanta Mariana Victoria
Names Portuguese: Pedro Clemente Francisco José António
House	Braganza
Father	John V of Portugal
Mother	Maria Anna of Austria
Religion	Roman Catholicism

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Peter was born at 12:00 noon on 5 July 1717 in the Ribeira Palace in Lisbon, Portugal.^[3] He was baptized on 29 August and was given the name Peter Clemente Francisco José António.^[4] His parents were King John V of Portugal and his wife Maria Ana of Austria.^[3] Peter was a younger brother of Joseph I of Portugal. Their maternal grandparents were Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg, sister of Queen Maria Sofia of Portugal.

Peter married his niece Maria, Princess of Brazil, in 1760, at which time she was the heiress presumptive to the throne then held by his brother Joseph I. According to custom, Peter thus became King of Portugal in right of his wife, after the delivery of his first born child. They had six children, of whom the eldest surviving son succeeded Maria as John VI of Portugal on her death in 1816.

Peter made no attempt to participate in government affairs, spending his time hunting or in religious exercises.

He also defended the high nobility of Portugal, and sponsored the petitions of those accused in Távora affair, whose rehabilitation was subject of new lawsuits, in which the heirs demanded the restitution of their confiscated properties.

Peter III was moderately friendly toward the Jesuits, who had been banished from Portugal and its overseas empire in 1759, largely at the behest of the Marquis of Pombal. Peter III had taken some of his early education from the Jesuits, explaining this. His affection had little effect; Pope Clement XIV ordered the Jesuits suppressed across Europe in 1773.

The couple married on 6 June 1760. At the time of their marriage, Maria was 25 and Peter was 42. Despite the age gap, the couple had a happy marriage. Peter automatically became co-monarch (as Peter III of Portugal) when Maria ascended the throne, as a child had already been born from their marriage. The couple had six children.^[5]