Pivampicillin
Pivampicillin
Chemical compound
Pivampicillin is a pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a prodrug, which is thought to enhance the oral bioavailability of ampicillin because of its greater lipophilicity compared to that of ampicillin.
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AHFS/Drugs.com | Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information |
Routes of administration | Oral |
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Excretion | Renal (76%) |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.046.975 |
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Formula | C22H29N3O6S |
Molar mass | 463.55 g·mol−1 |
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Prodrugs that release pivalic acid when broken down by the body—such as pivampicillin, pivmecillinam, and cefditoren pivoxil—have long been known to deplete levels of carnitine.[1][2] This effect is not due to the drug itself but to pivalate, which is mostly removed from the body by forming a conjugate with carnitine. Although short-term use of these drugs can cause a marked decrease in blood levels of carnitine,[3] it is unlikely to be of clinical significance;[2] long-term use, however, is not recommended.[2][4][5]
Worldwide, pivampicillin is only available in Denmark, where it is sold as Pondocillin® by PharmaCoDane, or Miraxid® by LEO Pharma.[6]
- Abrahamsson K, Holme E, Jodal U, Lindstedt S, Nordin I (June 1995). "Effect of short-term treatment with pivalic acid containing antibiotics on serum carnitine concentration--a risk irrespective of age". Biochemical and Molecular Medicine. 55 (1): 77–79. doi:10.1006/bmme.1995.1036. PMID 7551831.
- Holme E, Jodal U, Linstedt S, Nordin I (September 1992). "Effects of pivalic acid-containing prodrugs on carnitine homeostasis and on response to fasting in children". Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. 52 (5): 361–372. doi:10.3109/00365519209088371. PMID 1514015.
- "Pondocillin®". Retrieved 2016-09-18.
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