Pole_vault
Pole vault
Track and field event using a long pole as an aid to jump over a bar
Pole vaulting, also known as pole jumping, is a track and field event in which an athlete uses a long and flexible pole, usually made from fiberglass or carbon fiber, as an aid to jump over a bar. Pole jumping competitions were known to the Mycenaean Greeks, Minoan Greeks and Celts.[citation needed] It has been a full medal event at the Olympic Games since 1896 for men and since 2000 for women.
| Athletics Pole vault | |
|---|---|
Vaulting phases of world record holder Armand Duplantis | |
| World records | |
| Men |  Armand Duplantis 6.24 m (20 ft 5+1⁄2 in) (2024) |
| Women |  Yelena Isinbayeva 5.06 m (16 ft 7 in) (2009) |
| Olympic records | |
| Men |  Thiago Braz 6.03 m (19 ft 9+1⁄4 in) (2016) |
| Women | Yelena Isinbayeva 5.05 m (16 ft 6+3⁄4 in) (2008) |
| World Championship records | |
| Men | Armand Duplantis 6.21 m (20 ft 4+1⁄4 in) (2022) |
| Women | Yelena Isinbayeva 5.01 m (16 ft 5 in) (2005) |
| World Indoor Championship records | |
| Men | Armand Duplantis 6.22 m (20 ft 4+3⁄4 in) (2023) |
| Women |  Jennifer Suhr 5.03 m (16 ft 6 in) (2016) |
It is typically classified as one of the four major jumping events in athletics, alongside the high jump, long jump and triple jump. It is unusual among track and field sports in that it requires a significant amount of specialised equipment in order to participate, even at a basic level. A number of elite pole vaulters have had backgrounds in gymnastics, including world record breakers Yelena Isinbayeva and Brian Sternberg, reflecting the similar physical attributes required for the sports.[1][2] Physical attributes such as speed, agility and strength, along with technical skill, are essential to pole vaulting.
Poles were used as a practical means of passing over natural obstacles in marshy places such as the province of Friesland in the Netherlands, along the North Sea, and the great level of the Fens in England across Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Lincolnshire and Norfolk. Artificial draining of these marshes created a network of open drains or canals intersecting each other. To cross these without getting soaked, while avoiding tedious roundabout journeys over bridges, a stack of jumping poles was kept at every house and used for vaulting over the canals.[3]
Distance pole vaulting competitions continue to be held annually in the lowlands around the North Sea. These far-jumping competitions (Frisian: Fierljeppen) are not based on height.[4]
The earliest recorded pole vaulting competition where height was measured took place at the Ulverston Football and Cricket Club, Lancashire, north of the sands (now Cumbria) in 1843.[5] Competition began in continental Europe around 1850 in Germany, when pole vaulting was added to the exercises of the Turner gymnastic clubs by Johann C. F. GutsMuths and Friedrich L. Jahn.
Originally, poles were made of ash and from hickory wood. Bamboo poles were introduced in 1904, and both aluminum and steel poles appeared after 1945. Glass fiber vaulting poles were invented in 1967 by James Monroe Lindler of the Columbia Products Company, Columbia, South Carolina. An application filed on 10 March 1967 was granted patent status on 27 January 1970 for the manufacture of, "a vaulting pole of hollow construction with an integral helical winding," and a method of manufacturing the same (see: US Patent US3491999A). The process starts with a metal tube, referred to in the industry as a mandrel, around which is wound a tape made of glass fibers impregnated with a resin. This is baked in an oven and after cooling the mandrel is removed to leave a hollow glass fiber tube. This process was based on a similar method used for manufacturing glass fiber golf clubs patented by the Woolley Manufacturing Company of Escondido, California in 1954 (see: US Patent US2822175A).
In September 2005, Jeffrey P. Watry, Ralph W. Paquin, and Kenneth A. Hursey of Gill Athletic, Champaign, Illinois, filed application to patent a new method of winding the glass fibers around the pole in layers, each wound in a different direction or orientation to provide specific properties to various parts of the pole. This was called Carbon Weave, and their patent was granted on 21 October 2008 (see: US Patent US3491999A). David J. Dodge and William C. Doble of the Alliance Design and Development Group of New York City, New York, were granted a patent in 2006 for the manufacture of, "sports equipment having a tubular structural member" which led to the introduction of carbon fiber vaulting poles in 2007 (see: US Patent US7140398B2).
In 2000, IAAF rule 260.18a (formerly 260.6a) was amended, so that "world records" (as opposed to "indoor world records") can be set in a facility "with or without roof". This rule was not applied retroactively.[6] With many indoor facilities not conforming to outdoor track specifications for size and flatness, the pole vault was the only world record set indoors until 2022.
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Today, athletes compete in the pole vault as one of the four jumping events in track and field. Because the high jump and pole vault are both vertical jumps, the competitions are conducted similarly. Each athlete can choose at what height they would like to enter the competition. Once they enter, they have three attempts to clear the height. If a height is cleared, the vaulter advances to the next height, where they will have three more attempts. Once the vaulter has three consecutive misses, they are out of the competition and the highest height they cleared is their result. A "no height", often denoted "NH", refers to the failure of a vaulter to clear any bar during the competition.
Once the vaulter enters the competition, they can choose to pass heights. If a vaulter achieves a miss on their first attempt at a height, they can pass to the next height, but they will only have two attempts at that height, as they will be out once they achieve three consecutive misses. Similarly, after earning two misses at a height, they could pass to the next height, when they would have only one attempt.
The competitor who clears the highest height is the winner. If two or more vaulters have finished with the same height, the tie is broken by the number of misses at the final height. If the tied vaulters have the same number of misses at the last height cleared, the tie is broken by the total number of misses in the competition.
If there is still a tie for first place, a jump-off occurs to break the tie. Marks achieved in this type of jump-off are considered valid and count for any purpose that a mark achieved in a normal competition would.
If a tie in the other places still exists, a jump-off is not normally conducted, unless the competition is a qualifying meet, and the tie exists in the final qualifying spot. In this case, an administrative jump-off is conducted to break the tie, but the marks are not considered valid for any other purpose than breaking the tie.
A jump-off is a sudden death competition in which the tied vaulters attempt the same height, starting with the last attempted height. If both vaulters miss, the bar goes down by a small increment, and if both clear, the bar goes up by a small increment. A jump-off ends when one vaulter clears and the other misses. Each vaulter gets one attempt at each height until one makes and one misses.
The equipment and rules for pole vaulting are similar to the high jump. Unlike high jump, however, the athlete in the vault has the ability to select the horizontal position of the bar, known as the standards, before each jump and can place it a distance beyond the back of the box, the metal pit that the pole is placed into immediately before takeoff. The range of distance the vaulter may place the standards varies depending on the level of competition.
If the pole used by the athlete dislodges the bar from the uprights, a foul attempt is ruled, even if the athlete has cleared the height. An athlete does not benefit from quickly leaving the landing pad before the bar has fallen. The exception to this rule is if the vaulter is vaulting outdoors and has made a clear effort to throw the pole back, but the wind has blown the pole into the bar; this counts as a clearance. This call is made at the discretion of the pole vault official. If the pole breaks during the execution of a vault, it is considered an equipment failure and is ruled a non-jump, neither a make nor a miss. Other types of equipment failure include the standards slipping down or the wind dislodging the bar when no contact was made by the vaulter.
Each athlete has a set amount of time in which to make an attempt. The amount of time varies by level of competition and the number of vaulters remaining. If the vaulter fails to begin an attempt within this time, the vaulter is charged with a time foul and the attempt is a miss.
Poles are manufactured with ratings corresponding to the vaulter's maximum weight. As a safety precaution, some organizations forbid use of poles rated below the vaulter's weight. The recommended weight roughly corresponds to a flex rating that is determined by the manufacturer by applying a standardized amount of stress (most commonly a 50 lb (23 kg) weight) on the pole and measuring how much the center of the pole is displaced. Therefore, two poles rated at the same weight are not necessarily the same stiffness.
Pole stiffness and length are important factors to a vaulter's performance. Therefore, it is not uncommon for an elite vaulter to carry as many as ten poles to a competition. The effective length of a pole can be changed by gripping the pole higher or lower in relation to the top of the pole. The left and right handgrips are typically a bit more than shoulder width apart. Poles are manufactured for people of all skill levels and body sizes, with lengths between 3.05 m (10 ft 0 in) and 5.30 m (17 ft 5 in) and a wide range of weight ratings. Each manufacturer determines the weight rating for the pole and the location of the maximum handhold band.
Speed is an essential element to high jumps. The horizontal kinetic energy produced by the run 
Competitive pole vaulting began using solid ash poles. As the heights attained increased, bamboo poles gave way to tubular aluminum,[7] which was tapered at each end. Today's pole vaulters benefit from poles produced by wrapping pre-cut sheets of fiberglass that contains resin around a metal pole mandrel, to produce a slightly curved pole that bends more easily under the compression caused by an athlete's take-off. The shape of the fiberglass sheets and the amount of fiberglass used is carefully planned to provide the desired length and stiffness of pole. Different fiber types, including carbon-fiber, are used to give poles specific characteristics intended to promote higher jumps. In recent years, carbon fiber has been added to the commonly used E-glass (E for initial electrical use) and S-glass (S for solid) materials to create a lighter pole.
As in the high jump, the landing area was originally a heap of sawdust or sand where athletes landed on their feet. As technology enabled higher vaults, mats evolved into bags of large chunks of foam. Today's mats are foam usually 1–1.5 meters (3 ft 3 in – 4 ft 11 in) thick. They are usually built up with two cross-laid square section logs with gaps between them, topped by a solid layer of foam of the same thickness. This lattice construction is wrapped in a close-fitting cover topped with nylon mesh, which allows some air to escape, thus combining both foam and a measure of air cushioning. The final layer is a large mat of mesh-covered foam which is clipped around the edges of the complete pit and prevents the athlete from falling between the individual bags. Mats are growing larger in area as well to minimize risk of injury. Proper landing technique is on the back or shoulders. Landing on the feet should be avoided, to eliminate the risk of injury to the lower extremities, particularly ankle sprains.
Rule changes over the years have resulted in larger landing areas and additional padding of all hard and unyielding surfaces.
The pole vault crossbar has evolved from a triangular aluminum bar to a round fiberglass bar with rubber ends. This is balanced on standards and can be knocked off when it is hit by a pole vaulter or the pole. Rule changes have led to shorter pegs and crossbar ends that are semi-circular.
Although many techniques are used by vaulters at various skill levels to clear the bar, the generally accepted technical model can be broken down into several phases.
Approach
During the approach the pole vaulter sprints down the runway in such a way as to achieve maximum speed and correct position to initiate takeoff at the end of the approach. A tape measure is laid on the runway so vaulters know exactly where to start their run from. Each vaulter has a certain starting distance, dependent on how many steps away from the box they start. Top class vaulters use approaches with 18 to 22 strides, often referred to as a "step" in which every other foot is counted as one step. For example when a vaulter takes 18 strides, it would be referred to as a 9-step, as 22 strides would be an 11-step. The run-up to the vaulting pit begins forcefully with the vaulter running powerfully in a relaxed, upright position with knees lifted and torso leaning very slightly forward. Right handed vaulters will start with a step back with their right foot before starting the run, left handed vaulters with their left back to begin. The head, shoulders and hips are aligned, the vaulter increasing speed as the body becomes erect. The tip of the vaulting pole is angled higher than eye level until three paces from takeoff, when the pole tip descends efficiently, amplifying run speed as the pole is planted into the vault box. The faster the vaulter can run and the more efficient their take-off is, the greater the kinetic energy that can be achieved and used during the vault.
Plant and take-off
The plant and take-off is initiated typically three steps out from the final step. Vaulters will usually count their steps backwards from their starting point to the box only counting the steps taken on the left foot (vice versa for left-handers). For example, a vaulter on a "ten count" (referring to the number of counted steps from the starting point to the box) would count backwards from ten, only counting the steps taken with the left foot. These last three steps are normally quicker than the previous strides and are referred to as the "turn-over". The goal of this phase is to efficiently translate the kinetic energy accumulated from the approach into potential energy stored by the elasticity of the pole, and to gain as much initial vertical height as possible by jumping off the ground. The plant starts with the vaulter raising their arms up from around the hips or mid-torso until they are fully outstretched above the head, with the right arm extended directly above the head and the left arm extended perpendicular to the pole (vice versa for left-handed vaulters). At the same time, the vaulter is dropping the pole tip into the box. On the final step, the vaulter jumps off the trail leg which should always remain straight and then drives the front knee forward. As the pole slides into the back of the box the pole begins to bend and the vaulter continues up and forward, leaving the trail leg angled down and behind, the body in a backwards 'C' position.
Swing up
The swing and row simply consists of the vaulter swinging the trail leg forward and rowing the pole, bringing the top arm down to the hips, while trying to keep the trail leg straight to store more potential energy into the pole, the rowing motion also keeps the pole bent for a longer period of time for the vaulter to get into optimum position. When parallel to the pole the left arm hugs the pole tight to efficiently use the recoil within the pole. The goal is to carry out these motions as thoroughly and as quickly as possible; it is a race against the unbending of the pole. Effectively, this causes a double pendulum motion, with the top of the pole moving forward and pivoting from the box, while the vaulter acts as a second pendulum pivoting from the right hand. This action gives the vaulter the best position possible to be "ejected" off the pole. The swing continues until the hips are above the head and the arms are pulling the pole close to the chest; from there the vaulter shoots their legs up over the cross bar while keeping the pole close.[8][9]
Extension
The extension refers to the extension of the hips upward with outstretched legs as the shoulders drive down, causing the vaulter to be positioned upside down. This position is often referred to as "inversion". While this phase is executed, the pole begins to recoil, propelling the vaulter quickly upward. The hands of the vaulter remain close to the body as they move from the shins back to the region around the hips and upper torso.
Turn
The turn is executed immediately during the end of the rockback. As the name implies, the vaulter turns 180° toward the pole while extending the arms down past the head and shoulders. Typically the vaulter will begin to angle their body toward the bar as the turn is executed, although ideally the vaulter will remain as vertical as possible. A more accurate description of this phase of the vault may be "the spin" because the vaulter spins around an imaginary axis from head to toe.
Fly-away
This is often highly emphasized by spectators and novice vaulters, but it is the easiest phase of the vault and is a result of proper execution of previous phases. This phase mainly consists of the vaulter pushing off the pole and releasing it so the pole falls away from the crossbar and mats. As the torso goes over and around the crossbar, the vaulter is facing the crossbar. Rotation of the body over the bar occurs naturally, and the vaulter's main concern is making sure that their arms, face and any other appendages do not knock the bar off as they go over, you should aim to whip your upper torso around the top of the cross bar to ensure your elbows and face don't knock it off. The elite vaulter's center of gravity passes underneath the crossbar when they have their hips in the highest position like the crotch of an upside-down 'V'. The vaulter should land near the middle of the foam landing mats, or pit, face up. Landing on the feet or stomach first may lead to injuries or other problems.
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- Bar
- The cross bar that is suspended above the ground by the standards.
- Box
- A trapezoidal indentation in the ground with a metal or fiberglass covering at the end of the runway in which vaulters "plant" their pole. The back wall of the box is nearly vertical and is approximately 8 inches (20 cm) in depth. The bottom of the box gradually slopes upward approximately 3 feet (90 cm) until it is level with the runway. The covering in the box ensures the pole will slide to the back of the box without catching on anything. The covering's lip overlaps onto the runway and ensures a smooth transition from all-weather surface so a pole being planted does not catch on the box.
- Drive knee
- During the plant phase, the knee is driven forward at the time of "takeoff" to help propel the vaulter upward.
- Grip
- The location of the vaulter's top hand on the pole. As the vaulter improves, their grip may move up the pole incrementally. The other hand is typically placed shoulder-width down from the top hand. Hands are not allowed to grip the very top of the pole (their hand perpendicular to the pole) for safety reasons.
- Jump foot
- The foot that the vaulter uses to leave the ground as they begin their vault. It is also referred to as the take-off foot.
- Pit
- The mats used for landing in pole vault.
- Plant position
- The position a vaulter is in the moment the pole reaches the back of the box and the vaulter begins their vault. Their arms are fully extended and their drive knee begins to come up as they jump.
- Pole
- The fiberglass equipment used to propel the vaulter up and over the bar. One side is stiffer than the other to facilitate the bending of the pole after the plant. A vaulter may rest the pole on their arm to determine which side is the stiff side.
- Standards
- The equipment that holds the bar at a particular height above the ground. Standards may be adjusted to raise and lower the bar and also to adjust the horizontal position of the bar.
- Steps
- Since the box is in a fixed position, vaulters must adjust their approach to ensure they are in the correct position when attempting to vault.
- Swing leg or trail leg
- The swing leg is also the jump foot. After a vaulter has left the ground, the leg that was last touching the ground stays extended and swings forward to help propel the vaulter upwards.
- Volzing
- A method of holding or pushing the bar back onto the pegs while jumping over a height. This takes considerable skill, although it is now against the rules and counted as a miss. The technique is named after U.S. Olympian Dave Volz, who made an art form of the practice and surprised many by making the U.S. Olympic team in 1992.
Men (outdoor)
| Ath.# | Perf.# | Mark | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 6.24 m (20 ft 5+1⁄2 in) | Armand Duplantis | Sweden | 20 April 2024 | Xiamen | [14] |
| 2 | 6.23 m (20 ft 5+1⁄4 in) | Duplantis #2 | 17 September 2023 | Eugene | [15] | ||
| 3 | 6.21 m (20 ft 4+1⁄4 in) | Duplantis #3 | 24 July 2022 | Eugene | |||
| 4 | 6.16 m (20 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | Duplantis #4 | 30 June 2022 | Stockholm | [16] | ||
| 5 | 6.15 m (20 ft 2 in) | Duplantis #5 | 17 September 2020 | Rome | |||
| 2 | 6 | 6.14 m (20 ft 1+1⁄2 in) A | Sergey Bubka |  Ukraine | 31 July 1994 | Sestriere | |
| 7 | 6.13 m (20 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Bubka #2 | 19 September 1992 | Tokyo | |||
| 8 | 6.12 m (20 ft 3⁄4 in) | Bubka #3 | 30 August 1992 | Padua | |||
| Duplantis #6 | 27 June 2023 | Ostrava | [17] | ||||
| 10 | 6.11 m (20 ft 1⁄2 in) | Bubka #4 | 13 June 1992 | Dijon | |||
| Duplantis #7 | 4 June 2023 | Hengelo | [18] | ||||
| 12 | 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in) | Bubka #5 | 5 August 1991 | Malmö | |||
| Duplantis #8 | 6 June 2021 | Hengelo | |||||
| Duplantis #9 | 6 August 2022 | Chorzów | [19] | ||||
| Duplantis #10 | 25 August 2022 | Lausanne | [20] | ||||
| Duplantis #11 | 26 August 2023 | Budapest | [21] | ||||
| Duplantis #12 | 8 September 2023 | Brussels | [22] | ||||
| 18 | 6.09 m (19 ft 11+3⁄4 in) | Bubka #6 | 8 July 1991 | Formia | |||
| 19 | 6.08 m (19 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | Bubka #7 | 9 June 1991 | Moscow | |||
| 20 | 6.07 m (19 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Bubka #8 | 6 May 1991 | Shizuoka | |||
| Duplantis #13 | 2 September 2020 | Lausanne | |||||
| Duplantis #14 | 8 September 2022 | Zürich | [23] | ||||
| 3 | 20 | 6.07 m (19 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | KC Lightfoot | United States |
2 June 2023 | Nashville | [24] |
| 24 | 6.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Bubka #9 | 10 July 1988 | Nice | |||
| 4 | 24 | 6.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Sam Kendricks | United States | 27 July 2019 | Des Moines | [25] |
| 24 | 6.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Duplantis #14 | 9 September 2021 | Zürich | [26] | ||
| Duplantis #15 | 20 August 2022 | Munich | [27] | ||||
| 5 | 6.05 m (19 ft 10 in) | Maksim Tarasov | Russia | 16 June 1999 | Athens | ||
| Dmitri Markov |  Australia | 9 August 2001 | Edmonton | ||||
| Renaud Lavillenie |  France | 30 May 2015 | Eugene | ||||
| 8 | 6.04 m (19 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | Brad Walker | United States | 8 June 2008 | Eugene | ||
| 9 | 6.03 m (19 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | Okkert Brits |  South Africa | 18 August 1995 | Cologne | ||
| Jeff Hartwig | United States | 14 June 2000 | Jonesboro | ||||
| Thiago Braz | Brazil | 15 August 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [28] | |||
| 12 | 6.02 m (19 ft 9 in) | Piotr Lisek |  Poland | 12 July 2019 | Monaco | [29] | |
| 13 | 6.01 m (19 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Igor Trandenkov | Russia | 3 July 1996 | St. Petersburg | ||
| Timothy Mack | United States | 18 September 2004 | Monaco | ||||
| Yevgeny Lukyanenko | Russia | 1 July 2008 | Bydgoszcz | ||||
| Björn Otto |  Germany | 5 September 2012 | Aachen | ||||
| 17 | 6.00 m (19 ft 8 in) | Radion Gataullin |  Soviet Union | 16 September 1989 | Tokyo | ||
| Tim Lobinger | Germany | 24 August 1997 | Cologne | ||||
| Toby Stevenson | United States | 8 May 2004 | Modesto | ||||
| Paul Burgess | Australia | 26 February 2005 | Perth | ||||
| Steve Hooker | Australia | 27 January 2008 | Perth | ||||
| Timur Morgunov |  Authorised Neutral Athletes | 12 August 2018 | Berlin | [30] | |||
| Chris Nilsen | United States | 6 May 2022 | Sioux Falls | [31] | |||
| Ernest John Obiena |  Philippines |
10 June 2023 | Bergen | [32] | |||
| 26 August 2023 | Budapest | [21] | |||||
| 25 | 5.98 m (19 ft 7+1⁄4 in) | Lawrence Johnson | United States | 25 May 1996 | Knoxville | ||
| Jean Galfione | France | 23 July 1999 | Amiens |
Women (outdoor)
| Ath.# | Perf.# | Mark | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 5.06 m (16 ft 7 in) | Yelena Isinbayeva | Russia | 28 August 2009 | Zürich | |
| 2 | 5.05 m (16 ft 6+3⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #2 | 18 August 2008 | Beijing | |||
| 3 | 5.04 m (16 ft 6+1⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #3 | 29 July 2008 | Monaco | |||
| 4 | 5.03 m (16 ft 6 in) | Isinbayeva #4 | 11 July 2008 | Rome | |||
| 5 | 5.01 m (16 ft 5 in) | Isinbayeva #5 | 12 August 2005 | Helsinki | |||
| 2 | 5 | 5.01 m (16 ft 5 in) | Anzhelika Sidorova | Authorised Neutral Athletes | 9 September 2021 | Zürich | [33] |
| 7 | 5.00 m (16 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #6 | 22 July 2005 | London | |||
| 3 | 7 | 5.00 m (16 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | Sandi Morris | United States | 9 September 2016 | Brussels | [34] |
| 9 | 4.96 m (16 ft 3+1⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #7 | 22 July 2005 | London | |||
| 10 | 4.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #8 | 16 July 2005 | Madrid | |||
| Morris #2 | 27 July 2018 | Greenville | |||||
| Sidorova #2 | 29 September 2019 | Doha | [35] | ||||
| 4 | 10 | 4.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Katie Nageotte | United States | 26 June 2021 | Eugene | |
| 5 | 14 | 4.94 m (16 ft 2+1⁄4 in) | Eliza McCartney |  New Zealand | 17 July 2018 | Jockgrim | [36] |
| 15 | 4.93 m (16 ft 2 in) | Isinbayeva #9 | 5 July 2005 | Lausanne | |||
| Isinbayeva #10 | 26 August 2005 | Brussels | |||||
| Isinbayeva #11 | 25 July 2008 | London | |||||
| Morris #3 | 23 July 2016 | Houston | |||||
| 6 | 15 | 4.93 m (16 ft 2 in) | Jennifer Suhr | United States | 14 April 2018 | Austin | |
| 15 | 4.93 m (16 ft 2 in) | Nageotte #2 | 23 May 2021 | Marietta | |||
| 21 | 4.92 m (16 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | Isinbayeva #12 | 3 September 2004 | Brussels | |||
| Suhr #2 | 6 July 2008 | Eugene | |||||
| McCartney #2 | 23 June 2018 | Mannheim | |||||
| Nageotte #3 | 1 August 2020 | Marietta | |||||
| 25 | 4.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #13 | 24 August 2004 | Athens | |||
| Isinbayeva #14 | 28 July 2006 | London | |||||
| Isinbayeva #15 | 6 July 2007 | Saint-Denis | |||||
| Suhr #3 | 26 July 2011 | Rochester | |||||
| Suhr #4 | 14 June 2013 | Lyndonville | |||||
| 7 | 25 | 4.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Yarisley Silva |  Cuba | 2 August 2015 | Beckum | |
| Katerina Stefanidi |  Greece | 6 August 2017 | London | [37] | |||
| 25 | 4.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Suhr #5 | 30 March 2019 | Austin | |||
| Sidorova #3 | 10 June 2021 | Florence | |||||
| Sidorova #4 | 2 August 2022 | Cheboksary | |||||
| 9 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) | Holly Bradshaw |  Great Britain | 26 June 2021 | Manchester | ||
| Nina Kennedy | Australia | 23 August 2023 | Budapest | [38] | |||
| 11 | 4.88 m (16 ft 0 in) | Svetlana Feofanova | Russia | 4 July 2004 | Herakleion | ||
| 12 | 4.87 m (15 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | Fabiana Murer | Brazil | 3 July 2016 | São Bernardo do Campo | [39] | |
| 13 | 4.85 m (15 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Wilma Murto |  Finland | 17 August 2022 | Munich | [40] | |
| 14 | 4.83 m (15 ft 10 in) | Stacy Dragila | United States | 8 June 2004 | Ostrava | ||
| Anna Rogowska | Poland | 26 August 2005 | Brussels | ||||
| Nikoleta Kyriakopoulou | Greece | 4 July 2015 | Paris | [41] | |||
| Michaela Meijer | Sweden | 1 August 2020 | Norrköping | [42] | |||
| 18 | 4.82 m (15 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | Monika Pyrek | Poland | 22 September 2007 | Stuttgart | ||
| Silke Spiegelburg | Germany | 20 July 2012 | Monaco | ||||
| Alysha Newman |  Canada | 24 August 2019 | Paris | [43] | |||
| 21 | 4.81 m (15 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | Alana Boyd | Australia | 12 June 2008 | Ostrava | [44] | |
| Tina Šutej |  Slovenia | 16 September 2023 | Eugene | [45] | |||
| 23 | 4.80 m (15 ft 8+3⁄4 in) | Martina Strutz | Germany | 30 August 2011 | Daegu | ||
| Angelica Bengtsson | Sweden | 29 September 2019 | Doha | ||||
| 25 | 4.78 m (15 ft 8 in) | Tatyana Polnova | Russia | 19 September 2004 | Monaco | ||
| Nicole Büchler |  Switzerland | 6 May 2016 | Doha |
Men (indoor)
| Ath.# | Perf.# | Mark | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 6.22 m (20 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | Armand Duplantis | Sweden |
25 February 2023 | Clermont-Ferrand | [46] |
| 2 | 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) | Duplantis #2 | 20 March 2022 | Belgrade | [47] | ||
| 3 | 6.19 m (20 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | Duplantis #3 | 7 March 2022 | Belgrade | [48] | ||
| 4 | 6.18 m (20 ft 3+1⁄4 in) | Duplantis #4 | 15 February 2020 | Glasgow | |||
| 5 | 6.17 m (20 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Duplantis #5 | 8 February 2020 | Toruń | |||
| 2 | 6 | 6.16 m (20 ft 2+1⁄2 in) | Renaud Lavillenie | France | 15 February 2014 | Donetsk | [49] |
| 3 | 7 | 6.15 m (20 ft 2 in) | Sergey Bubka | Ukraine | 21 February 1993 | Donetsk | |
| 8 | 6.14 m (20 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | Bubka #2 | 13 February 1993 | Liévin | |||
| 9 | 6.13 m (20 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Bubka #3 | 21 February 1992 | Berlin | |||
| 10 | 6.12 m (20 ft 3⁄4 in) | Bubka #4 | 23 March 1991 | Grenoble | |||
| 11 | 6.11 m (20 ft 1⁄2 in) | Bubka #5 | 19 March 1991 | Donetsk | |||
| 12 | 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in) | Bubka #6 | 15 March 1991 | San Sebastián | |||
| Duplantis #6 | 24 February 2021 | Belgrade | |||||
| Duplantis #7 | 2 February 2023 | Uppsala | [50] | ||||
| 15 | 6.08 m (19 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | Bubka #7 | 9 February 1991 | Volgograd | |||
| Lavillenie #2 | 31 January 2014 | Bydgoszcz | |||||
| 17 | 6.07 m (19 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Duplantis #8 | 19 February 2020 | Liévin | |||
| 4 | 18 | 6.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Steve Hooker | Australia | 7 February 2009 | Boston | |
| 18 | 6.06 m (19 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Lavillenie #3 | 27 February 2021 | Aubière | |||
| Duplantis #9 | 10 February 2023 | Berlin | [51] | ||||
| 21 | 6.05 m (19 ft 10 in) | Bubka #8 | 17 March 1990 | Donetsk | |||
| Bubka #9 | 5 March 1993 | Berlin | |||||
| Bubka #10 | 6 February 1994 | Grenoble | |||||
| Duplantis #10 | 7 March 2021 | Toruń | |||||
| Duplantis #11 | 19 February 2022 | Birmingham | [52] | ||||
| 5 | 21 | 6.05 m (19 ft 10 in) | Chris Nilsen | United States | 5 March 2022 | Rouen | [53][54] |
| 21 | 6.05 m (19 ft 10 in) | Duplantis #12 | 3 March 2024 | Glasgow | [55] | ||
| 6 | 6.02 m (19 ft 9 in) | Radion Gataullin | Soviet Union | 4 February 1989 | Gomel | ||
| Jeff Hartwig | United States | 10 March 2002 | Sindelfingen | ||||
| 8 | 6.01 m (19 ft 8+1⁄2 in) | Sam Kendricks | United States | 8 February 2020 | Rouen | ||
| 9 | 6.00 m (19 ft 8 in) | Maksim Tarasov | Russia | 5 February 1999 | Budapest | ||
| Jean Galfione | France | 6 March 1999 | Maebashi | ||||
| Danny Ecker | Germany | 11 February 2001 | Dortmund | ||||
| 6.00 m (19 ft 8 in) A | Shawnacy Barber | Canada | 15 January 2016 | Reno | |||
| 6.00 m (19 ft 8 in) | Piotr Lisek | Poland | 4 February 2017 | Potsdam | |||
| KC Lightfoot | United States | 13 February 2021 | Lubbock | [56] | |||
| 6.00 m (19 ft 8 in) A | Sondre Guttormsen |  Norway |
10 March 2023 | Albuquerque | [57] | ||
| 16 | 5.96 m (19 ft 6+1⁄2 in) | Lawrence Johnson | United States | 3 March 2001 | Atlanta | ||
| Menno Vloon |  Netherlands | 27 February 2021 | Aubière | ||||
| 18 | 5.95 m (19 ft 6+1⁄4 in) | Tim Lobinger | Germany | 18 February 2000 | Chemnitz | ||
| Thiago Braz | Brazil | 20 March 2022 | Belgrade | [58] | |||
| 20 | 5.94 m (19 ft 5+3⁄4 in) | Philippe Collet | France | 10 March 1990 | Grenoble | ||
| 21 | 5.93 m (19 ft 5+1⁄4 in) | Billy Olson | United States | 8 February 1986 | East Rutherford | ||
| Tye Harvey | United States | 3 March 2001 | Atlanta | ||||
| 23 | 5.92 m (19 ft 5 in) | Igor Potapovich |  Kazakhstan | 19 February 1998 | Stockholm | ||
| Björn Otto | Germany | 18 February 2012 | Potsdam | ||||
| 25 | 5.91 m (19 ft 4+1⁄2 in) | Joe Dial | United States | 1 February 1986 | Columbia | ||
| Viktor Ryzhenkov | Soviet Union | 15 March 1991 | San Sebastián | ||||
| Timur Morgunov | Authorised Neutral Athletes | 29 August 2018 | Zürich | ||||
| Ernest John Obiena | Philippines | 5 March 2022 | Rouen | [59] | |||
| 2 February 2023 | Uppsala | [50] | |||||
| Kurtis Marschall | Australia |
25 February 2023 | Clermont-Ferrand | [46] | |||
| 5.91 m (19 ft 4+1⁄2 in) A | Zach Bradford | United States |
10 March 2023 | Albuquerque | [57] |
Women (indoor)
| Ath.# | Perf.# | Mark | Athlete | Nation | Date | Place | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 5.03 m (16 ft 6 in) | Jennifer Suhr | United States | 30 January 2016 | Brockport | [60] |
| 2 | 5.02 m (16 ft 5+1⁄2 in) A | Suhr #2 | 2 March 2013 | Albuquerque | |||
| 2 | 3 | 5.01 m (16 ft 5 in) | Yelena Isinbayeva | Russia | 23 February 2012 | Stockholm | |
| 4 | 5.00 m (16 ft 4+3⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #2 | 15 February 2009 | Donetsk | |||
| 5 | 4.97 m (16 ft 3+1⁄2 in) | Isinbayeva #3 | 15 February 2009 | Donetsk | |||
| 6 | 4.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #4 | 16 February 2008 | Donetsk | |||
| 3 | 6 | 4.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Sandi Morris | United States | 12 March 2016 | Portland | |
| 6 | 4.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Morris #2 | 3 March 2018 | Birmingham | |||
| 3 | 6 | 4.95 m (16 ft 2+3⁄4 in) | Anzhelika Sidorova | Authorised Neutral Athletes | 29 February 2020 | Moscow | [61] |
| 5 | 10 | 4.94 m (16 ft 2+1⁄4 in) | Katie Nageotte | United States | 11 June 2021 | Marietta | |
| 11 | 4.93 m (16 ft 2 in) | Isinbayeva #5 | 10 February 2007 | Donetsk | |||
| 12 | 4.92 m (16 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | Sidorova #2 | 25 February 2020 | Moscow | |||
| 13 | 4.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #6 | 12 February 2006 | Donetsk | |||
| Suhr #3 | 16 January 2016 | Kent | |||||
| 13 | 4.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in) A | Nageotte #2 | 18 February 2018 | Albuquerque | |||
| 13 | 4.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Sidorova #3 | 8 February 2019 | Madrid | |||
| Morris #3 | 8 February 2020 | New York City | |||||
| 6 | 13 | 4.91 m (16 ft 1+1⁄4 in) | Nina Kennedy | Australia | 30 August 2023 | Zürich | [62] |
| 19 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) | Isinbayeva #7 | 6 March 2005 | Madrid | |||
| Isinbayeva #8 | 26 February 2009 | Prague | |||||
| 7 | 19 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) | Katerina Stefanidi | Greece | 20 February 2016 | New York City | [63] |
| Demi Payne | United States | 20 February 2016 | New York City | [63] | |||
| 19 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) | Suhr #4 | 12 March 2016 | Portland | |||
| Suhr #5 | 17 March 2016 | Portland | |||||
| 19 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) A | Morris #4 | 12 January 2018 | Reno | |||
| 19 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) | Sidorova #4 | 3 March 2018 | Birmingham | |||
| 19 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) A | Morris #5 | 15 February 2020 | Albuquerque | |||
| 19 | 4.90 m (16 ft 3⁄4 in) | Sidorova #5 | 21 February 2021 | Moscow | |||
| 9 | 4.87 m (15 ft 11+1⁄2 in) | Holly Bradshaw | Great Britain | 20 January 2012 | Villeurbanne | ||
| 10 | 4.86 m (15 ft 11+1⁄4 in) | Molly Caudery | Great Britain |
24 February 2024 | Rouen | [64] | |
| 11 | 4.85 m (15 ft 10+3⁄4 in) | Svetlana Feofanova | Russia | 22 February 2004 | Peania | ||
| Anna Rogowska | Poland | 6 March 2011 | Paris | ||||
| 13 | 4.84 m (15 ft 10+1⁄2 in) | Eliza McCartney | New Zealand | 10 February 2024 | Liévin | [65] | |
| 14 | 4.83 m (15 ft 10 in) | Fabiana Murer | Brazil | 7 February 2015 | Nevers | ||
| Alysha Newman | Canada | 22 February 2024 | Clermont-Ferrand | [66] | |||
| 16 | 4.82 m (15 ft 9+3⁄4 in) | Yarisley Silva | Cuba | 24 April 2013 | Des Moines | ||
| Tina Šutej | Slovenia | 2 February 2023 | Ostrava | [50] | |||
| 18 | 4.81 m (15 ft 9+1⁄4 in) | Stacy Dragila | United States | 6 March 2004 | Budapest | ||
| Nikoleta Kyriakopoulou | Greece | 17 February 2016 | Stockholm | ||||
| Angelica Bengtsson | Sweden | 24 February 2019 | Clermont-Ferrand | [67] | |||
| Polina Knoroz | Authorised Neutral Athletes | 19 February 2022 | Clermont-Ferrand | [68] | |||
| Wilma Murto | Finland |
6 January 2024 | Kuortane | [69] | |||
| 23 | 4.80 m (15 ft 8+3⁄4 in) | Nicole Büchler | Switzerland | 17 March 2016 | Portland | ||
| Iryna Zhuk |  Belarus | 17 February 2022 | Liévin | [70] | |||
| 25 | 4.78 m (15 ft 8 in) | Robeilys Peinado |  Venezuela | 19 February 2020 | Liévin | [71] | |
| Olivia Gruver | United States | 7 February 2021 | Fayetteville | [72] |
The "six metres club" consists of pole vaulters who have reached at least 6.00 m (19 ft 8 in).[73] In 1985 Sergey Bubka became the first pole vaulter to clear six metres.
| Mark | Athlete | Nation | Outdoors | Indoors | Season first cleared 6 metres |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.24 | Armand Duplantis | Sweden |
6.24 | 6.22 | 2018 |
| 6.16 | Renaud Lavillenie | France |
6.05 | 6.16 | 2009 |
| 6.15 | Sergey Bubka | Soviet Union / Ukraine |
6.14 | 6.15 | 1985 |
| 6.07 | KC Lightfoot | United States |
6.07 | 6.00 | 2021 |
| 6.06 | Steve Hooker | Australia |
6.00 | 6.06 | 2008 |
| Sam Kendricks | United States |
6.06 | 6.01 | 2017 | |
| 6.05 | Maksim Tarasov | Russia |
6.05 | 6.00 | 1997 |
| Dmitri Markov | Belarus / Australia |
6.05 | 5.85 | 1998 | |
| Chris Nilsen | United States |
6.00 | 6.05 | 2022 | |
| 6.04 | Brad Walker | United States |
6.04 | 5.86 | 2006 |
| 6.03 | Okkert Brits | South Africa |
6.03 | 5.90 | 1995 |
| Jeff Hartwig | United States |
6.03 | 6.02 | 1998 | |
| Thiago Braz | Brazil |
6.03 | 5.95 | 2016 | |
| 6.02 | Radion Gataullin | Soviet Union / Russia |
6.00 | 6.02 | 1989 |
| Piotr Lisek | Poland |
6.02 | 6.00 | 2017 | |
| 6.01 | Igor Trandenkov | Russia |
6.01 | 5.90 | 1996 |
| Timothy Mack | United States |
6.01 | 5.85 | 2004 | |
| Yevgeny Lukyanenko | Russia |
6.01 | 5.90 | 2008 | |
| Björn Otto | Germany |
6.01 | 5.92 | 2012 | |
| 6.00 | Tim Lobinger | Germany |
6.00 | 5.95 | 1997 |
| Jean Galfione | France |
5.98 | 6.00 | 1999 | |
| Danny Ecker | Germany |
5.93 | 6.00 | 2001 | |
| Toby Stevenson | United States |
6.00 | 5.81 | 2004 | |
| Paul Burgess | Australia |
6.00 | 5.80 | 2005 | |
| Shawnacy Barber | Canada |
5.93 | 6.00 | 2016 | |
| Timur Morgunov | Authorised Neutral Athletes |
6.00 | 5.91 | 2018 | |
| Sondre Guttormsen | Norway |
5.86 | 6.00 | 2023 | |
| Ernest John Obiena | Philippines |
6.00 | 5.91 | 2023 |
Four women have cleared 5 metres. Yelena Isinbayeva was the first to clear 5.00 m (16 ft 4+3⁄4 in) on 22 July 2005. On 2 March 2013, Jennifer Suhr cleared 5.02 m (16 ft 5+1⁄2 in) indoors to become the second. Sandi Morris cleared 5.00 m (16 ft 4+3⁄4 in) on 9 September 2016, to become the third. Anzhelika Sidorova cleared 5.01 m (16 ft 5 in) at the Diamond League final in Zürich on 9 September 2021.
| Mark | Athlete | Nation | Outdoors | Indoors | Season first cleared 5 metres |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.06 | Yelena Isinbayeva | Russia | 5.06 | 5.01 | 2005 |
| 5.03 | Jennifer Suhr | United States |
4.93 | 5.03 | 2013 |
| 5.01 | Anzhelika Sidorova | Authorised Neutral Athletes |
5.01 | 4.95 | 2021 |
| 5.00 | Sandi Morris | United States |
5.00 | 4.95 | 2016 |
This is a list of the first time a milestone mark was cleared.[74]
| Mark | Athlete | Nation | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13 ft (3.96 m) | Robert Gardner | United States |
1 June 1912 |
| 4 m (13 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | Marc Wright | United States |
8 June 1912 |
| 14 ft (4.27 m) | Sabin Carr | United States |
27 May 1927 |
| 4.5 m (14 ft 9 in) | William Sefton[75] | United States |
29 May 1937 |
| 15 ft (4.57 m) | Cornelius "Dutch" Warmerdam | United States |
13 April 1940 |
| 16 ft (4.88 m) | John Uelses | United States |
31 March 1962 |
| 5 m (16 ft 5 in) | Brian Sternberg | United States |
27 April 1963 |
| 17 ft (5.18 m) | John Pennel | United States |
24 August 1963 |
| 18 ft (5.49 m) | Christos Papanikolaou | Greece |
24 October 1970 |
| 5.5 m (18 ft 1⁄2 in) | Kjell Isaksson | Sweden |
8 April 1972 |
| 19 ft (5.79 m) | Thierry Vigneron | France |
20 June 1981 |
| 6 m (19 ft 8 in) | Sergey Bubka | Soviet Union |
13 July 1985 |
| 20 ft (6.10 m) | Sergey Bubka | Soviet Union |
16 March 1991 (indoors) 5 August 1991 (outdoors) |
This is a list of the first-time milestones for women.
| Mark | Athlete | Nation | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 m (13 ft 1+1⁄2 in) | Zhang Chunzhen |  China |
24 March 1991 |
| 14 ft (4.27 m) | Emma George[76] | Australia |
17 December 1995 |
| 4.5 m (14 ft 9 in) | Emma George | Australia |
8 February 1997 |
| 15 ft (4.57 m) | Emma George[77] | Australia |
14 March 1998 |
| 16 ft (4.88 m) | Svetlana Feofanova | Russia |
4 July 2004 |
| 5 m (16 ft 5 in) | Yelena Isinbayeva | Russia |
22 July 2005 |
Men
Women
Men
Women
Men
- A Known as the World Indoor Games
Women
Men
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Women
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- Note: Earle Meadows cleared the same height minutes later in the same competition
- Note: George cleared 4.28 m (14 ft 1⁄2 in)
- Note: George cleared 4.58 m (15 ft 1⁄4 in)
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