Portugal competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. A delegation of sixty five competitors participated in a record number of eleven sports,^[1] with the Star sailing team winning an Olympic silver medal, the second in Portugal's history.

Men's 3000m Steeplechase:

• Joaquim Ferreira — 1st round: 11th (heat 1)

Men's 5000m:

• Manuel Oliveira — 1st round: 6th (heat 2)

Men's Decathlon:

• Júlio Santos — DNF (2282 points)
  1. 100m — 12,0 (597)
  2. Long Jump — 6,32 (592)
  3. Shot Put — 10,85 (488)
  4. High Jump — 1,65 (605)
  5. 400m — DNF
  6. 110m Hurdles — DNS
  7. Discus Throw — DNS
  8. Pole Vault — DNS
  9. Javelin Throw — DNS
  10. 1500m — DNS

Men's Hammer Throw:

• Eduardo Martins — qualifiers (54,92)

Men's Long Jump:

• Pedro de Almeida — qualifiers (7,10)

Individual road race

• Francisco Valada — 77th - 142nd
• José Pacheco — 77th - 142nd
• Mário Silva — 77th - 142nd
• Ramiro Martins — 77th - 142nd

Team time trial

• Francisco Valada, José Pacheco, Mário Silva and Ramiro Martins — 25th (2:33.19,61)

Men's Individual Dressage:

• António Nogueira — 10th (948 points)
• Luís Mena e Silva — 17th (775 points)

Men's Individual Eventing:

• Álvaro Sabbo — eliminated
• Joaquim Duarte Silva — eliminated
• Jorge Eduardo Mathias — eliminated
• Mário Delgado — 35th (−705,15 points)

Men's Team Eventing:

• Álvaro Sabbo, Joaquim Duarte Silva, Jorge Eduardo Mathias and Mário Delgado — eliminated

Men's Individual Jumping:

• António Pereira de Almeida — eliminated
• Henrique Alves Calado — 11th (32 points)
• Carlos Lopes João — eliminated

Men's Team Jumping:

• António Pereira de Almeida, Carlos Lopes João and Henrique Alves Calado — eliminated

Nine fencers, eight men and one woman, represented Portugal in 1960.

Men's foil

• Orlando Azinhais — 1st round: 6th (poule 1)
• Pedro Marçal — 1st round: 7th (poule 2)
• Manuel Borrego

Men's épée

• José Fernandes — eighths-of-final: 6th (poule 4)
• José de Albuquerque — 1st round: 7th (poule 10)
• José Ferreira — eighths-of-final: 5th (poule 1)

Men's team épée

• José Fernandes, José de Albuquerque, José Ferreira and Manuel Borrego — 1st round: 3rd (poule 1)

Men's sabre

• António Marquilhas — 1st round: 6th (poule 6)
• Joaquim Rodrigues — 1st round: 4th (poule 10)
• Orlando Azinhais — 1st round: 5th (poule 1)

Men's team sabre

• António Marquilhas, José Fernandes, Joaquim Rodrigues, José Ferreira, Orlando Azinhais — 1st round: 3rd (poule 4)

Women's foil

• Maria Nápoles — 1st round: 6th (poule 1)

Men's Individual Competition:

• Hermenegildo Candeias — 120th (87,65 points)
  1. Horizontal Bar — 114th (15,20)
  2. Parallel Bars — 116th (15,30)
  3. Pommelled Horse — 106th (15,65)
  4. Rings — 116th (16,20)
  5. Vault — 129th (8,75)
  6. Floor — 111th (16,55)

Women's Individual Competition:

• Dália Vairinho Cunha Sammer — 109th (59,165)
  1. Vault — 91st (16,166)
  2. Asymmetrical Bars — 115th (12,933)
  3. Beam — 110th (14,566)
  4. Floor — 109th (15,500)
• Esbela Fonseca — 116th (55,431 points)
  1. Vault — 120th (10,733)
  2. Asymmetrical Bars — 115th (12,933)
  3. Beam — 117th (13,766)
  4. Floor — 112th (15,066)
• Maria Cunha — 119th (53,163 points)
  1. Vault — 122nd (9,099)
  2. Asymmetrical Bars — 115th (12,933)
  3. Beam — 113th (14,432)
  4. Floor — 105th (15,766)

Portugal had 5 male rowers participate in one out of seven rowing events in 1960.^[2]

Men's coxed four

• Ilídio Silva, Jorge Gavinho, José Porto, José Vieira and Rui Valença (cox) — repechage: 3rd (poule 1)

Men's Finn:

• Hélder de Oliveira — 15th (3488 points)

Men's Flying Dutchman:

• Carlos Braga and Gabriel da Silva Lopes — 27th (1279 points)

Men's Star:

• José Quina and Mário Quina — 2nd (6665 points)

Men's Dragon:

• Carlos Francisco Ferreira, Gonçalo Mello, Joaquim Pinto Basto — 9th (4051 points)

Men's 5,5m:

• Duarte de Almeida Bello, Fernando Pinto Coelho Bello and Júlio de Sousa Leite Gorinho — 16th (1667 points)

Nine shooters represented Portugal in 1960.

25 m pistol

• António Martins — 50th (537 marks)
• Rogério Tavares — 49th (542 marks)

50 m pistol

• André Antunes — 54th (489 marks)
• António Jorge — 36th (522 marks)

50 m rifle, three positions

• António Tavares — 1st round: 29th (group 2)
• Manoel da Silva — 1st round: 32nd (group 1)

50 m rifle, prone

• Albino da Silva — 1st round: 35th (group 2)
• César Batista — 1st round: 30th (group 1) (378 marks)

Trap

• Guy de Valle Flor — 15th (180)

Men's 100m Backstroke:

• Raul Cerqueira — 1st round: 7th (heat 1)

Men's 200m Butterfly:

• Luís Vaz Jorge — 1st round: 5th (heat 3)

Men's 100m Freestyle:

• Herlander Ribeiro — 1st round: 5th (heat 1)

Men's 400m Freestyle:

• Eduardo de Sousa — 1st round: 7th (heat 3)

Men's 1500m Freestyle:

• Eduardo de Sousa — 1st round: 5th (heat 5)

Men's 4×100m Medley:

• Eduardo de Sousa, Herlander Ribeiro, Luís Vaz Jorge and Raul Cerqueira — 1st round: 6th (heat 3)

Women's 200m Breaststroke:

• Maria Freitas Veloso — 1st round: 7th (heat 4)

Men's Bantamweight (–57 kg):

• Luís Paquete — 19th (245 points)

Men's Greco-Roman Bantamweight (–57 kg):

• Orlando Gonçalves — 17th (−6 points)

Men's Greco-Roman Featherweight (–62 kg):

• José Gregório — 22nd (−8 points)

Men's Greco-Roman Middleweight (–79 kg):

• Luis Caldas — 21st (−8 points)

• Correia Leal (chief of mission)
• Bernardo Mendes de Almeida (sailing)
• Castro de Seixa (women's gymnastics)