Pouakai_Range
The Pouakai Range is an eroded and heavily vegetated stratovolcano in the North Island of New Zealand, located northwest of Mount Taranaki. It consists of the remains of a collapsed Pleistocene stratovolcano. The range is surrounded by a ring plain of lahar deposits from a massive collapse that has been dated as roughly 250,000 years old.[2]
| Pouakai Range | |
|---|---|
The Pouakai Range viewed from Mount Taranaki, with the Kaitake Range in the background | |
| Highest point | |
| Peak | Pouakai |
| Elevation | 1,395 m (4,577 ft) |
| Coordinates | 39°14′17″S 174°00′51″E |
| Geography | |
Pouakai andesite (red shading) in centre of map. To its south-south-east is the younger and presently larger in andesitic direct deposits volcano of Mount Taranaki. The surrounding debris and lahar fields are not shown but include the green forested area on the map. To its north west are the older volcanoes of the small cone of Pukeiti, then the Kaitake. Clicking on the map enlarges it, and enables panning and mouseover of volcano name/wikilink and ages before present. Key for the volcanics that are shown with panning is: '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000005-QINU`"' basalt (shades of brown/orange), '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000006-QINU`"' monogenetic basalts, '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000007-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000008-QINU`"' arc basalts,'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000009-QINU`"' arc ring basalts, '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000000A-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000000B-QINU`"' andesite (shades of red), '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000000C-QINU`"' basaltic andesite, '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000000D-QINU`"' and '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-0000000E-QINU`"' plutonic. White shading is selected caldera features. | |
| Location | North Island, New Zealand |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | 250 ka,[1] Pleistocene |
| Type of rock | Andesite |
| Volcanic belt | Taranaki Volcanic Lineament |
| Last eruption | 210 ka |
The region has been reshaped more recently after each cone collapse from Mount Taranaki.[3]
The Pouakai Range volcano is situated in the Taranaki Basin and is part of the Taranaki Volcanic Lineament which has had a 30 mm/yr north to south migration over the last 1.75 million years.[1] Present-day seismicity and stress directions in eastern Taranaki are consistent with back-arc extension processes.[1] The Taranaki Volcanic Lineament members as they decrease in age from northwest to southeast are:[1]
- Paritutu, and the Sugar Loaf Islands from 1.75 Ma
- Kaitake from 575 ka
- Pouakai 210–250 ka
- Mount Taranaki <200 ka
Volcanic activity
"After the extinction of the Kaitake center, eruptions broke out at Pouakai 6 miles south-east of Kaitake. Activity from this center continued over a long period of ring-plain formation, a period of marine erosion during which volcanic activity decreased, and part way through another period of ring-plain building, before activity broke out from the next center."[4] It can be postulated that that all volcanoes in the Taranaki Volcanic Lineament have had a similar potential for instability and were stratovolcanoes of similar size and shape to the present Mount Taranaki between major collapse events given their debris plains. They may well have had major collapse cycles similar to that presently shown by Mount Taranaki which is a potential maximum size of collapse of 7.9 km3 (1.9 cu mi) every 30,000 to 35,000 years.[1]
- Cronin, Shane J.; Zernack, Anke V.; Ukstins, Ingrid A.; Turner, Michael B.; Torres-Orozco, Rafael; Stewart, Robert B.; Smith, Ian E. M.; Procter, Jonathan N.; Price, Richard; Platz, Thomas; Petterson, Michael; Neall, Vince E.; McDonald, Garry S.; Lerner, Geoffrey A.; Damaschcke, Magret; Bebbington, Mark S. (2021). "The geological history and hazards of a long-lived stratovolcano, Mt. Taranaki, New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 64 (2–3): 456–478. doi:10.1080/00288306.2021.1895231. S2CID 233700970.
- "Pouakai". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- "A line of volcanoes - the birth of Taranaki". Puke Ariki. 12 April 2012 – via YouTube.
- Grant-Taylor, T. L. (21 December 2011). "Volcanic history of Western Taranaki". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 7: 78–86. doi:10.1080/00288306.1964.10420158.