In mathematics, Probabilistic number theory is a subfield of number theory, which explicitly uses probability to answer questions about the integers and integer-valued functions. One basic idea underlying it is that different prime numbers are, in some serious sense, like independent random variables. This however is not an idea that has a unique useful formal expression.

This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (August 2017)

The founders of the theory were Paul Erdős, Aurel Wintner and Mark Kac during the 1930s, one of the periods of investigation in analytic number theory. Foundational results include the Erdős–Wintner theorem and the Erdős–Kac theorem on additive functions.

• Number theory
• Analytic number theory
• Areas of mathematics
• List of number theory topics
• List of probability topics
• Probabilistic method
• Probable prime

• Tenenbaum, Gérald (1995). Introduction to Analytic and Probabilistic Number Theory. Cambridge studies in advanced mathematics. Vol. 46. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-41261-7. Zbl 0831.11001.

• Kubilius, J. (1964) [1962]. Probabilistic methods in the theory of numbers. Translations of mathematical monographs. Vol. 11. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society. ISBN 0-8218-1561-X. Zbl 0133.30203.

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