R-7 Semyorka

The R-7 Semyorka (Russian: Р-7 Семёрка), officially the GRAU index 8K71, was a Soviet missile developed during the Cold War, and the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile.[1] The R-7 made 28 launches between 1957 and 1961, but was never deployed operationally. A derivative, the R-7A, was deployed from 1959 to 1968. To the West it was unknown until its launch (later it would get the NATO reporting name SS-6 Sapwood). In modified form, it launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, into orbit, and became the basis for the R-7 family which includes Sputnik, Luna, Molniya, Vostok, and Voskhod space launchers, as well as later Soyuz variants.

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R-7A
A 2-view drawing of the R-7 Semyorka (NATO code-name SS-6 Sapwood)
Type	Ballistic missile
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	9 February 1959 – 1968
Used by	Strategic Missile Troops
Wars	Cold War
Production history
Designer	Sergei Korolev
Designed	From 1953
Variants	See Variants
Specifications
Mass	280 metric tons (280 long tons; 310 short tons)
Height	37 m
Diameter	10.3 m (34 ft)
Effective firing range	8,000–8,800 km (5,000–5,500 mi)
Warhead	A single KB-11-derived, 5,300–5,500 kg (11,700–12,100 lb), 7.27 m (23.9 ft) diameter, 3 to 5 Mt, thermonuclear warhead
Engine	1st stage: 4x jettisonable four-chamber RD-107 booster engines each with 2x vernier rocket engines plus 1x four-chamber RD-108 core engine with 4x vernier rocket engines. 2nd stage: 1x four-chamber RD-108 core engine with 4x vernier rocket engines. RD-107 4x 907.4 kN (203,992 lbf) RD-108 1x 907.4 kN (203,992 lbf) Vernier 12x 38.259 kN (8,601 lbf)
Propellant	LOX/T-1
Steering system	12x vernier thrusters arranged around the booster clusters and the core engines
Accuracy	2.5–5.0 kilometers (max. deviation 10 kilometers)

The widely used nickname for the R-7 launcher, "Semyorka", means "digit 7" in Russian.