Radcliffe_Observatory
Radcliffe Observatory
Observatory in Oxford, England
Radcliffe Observatory was the astronomical observatory of the University of Oxford from 1773 until 1934, when the Radcliffe Trustees sold it and built a new observatory in Pretoria, South Africa.[1][2] It is a Grade I listed building.[3] Today, the observatory forms a part of Green Templeton College of the University of Oxford.
| Radcliffe Observatory | |
|---|---|
South front of the observatory | |
| General information | |
| Type | Former observatory |
| Architectural style | Neoclassical |
| Location | Woodstock Road, Oxford |
| Coordinates | 51.7608°N 1.2639°W / 51.7608; -1.2639 |
| Construction started | 1772 |
| Completed | 1794 |
| Owner | Green Templeton College |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Henry Keene and James Wyatt |
| Designations | Listed Grade I |
The observatory was founded and named after John Radcliffe by the Radcliffe Trustees.[4] It was built on the suggestion of the astronomer Thomas Hornsby, who was occupying the Savilian Chair of Astronomy, following his observation of the notable transit of Venus across the sun's disc in 1769 from a room in the nearby Radcliffe Infirmary.
The observatory building commenced to designs by Henry Keene in 1772, and was completed in 1794 to the designs of James Wyatt, with a prominent octagonal tower based on the Tower of the Winds in Athens. Its tower is topped with a statue by John Bacon of Atlas holding up the World.
Until 1839, the Savilian Chair of Astronomy was responsible for the observatory. At this date the appointment of George Henry Sacheverell Johnson an astronomer with no observational experience caused the creation of the new role of Radcliffe Observer.
Because of the viewing conditions, weather, urban development and light pollution at Oxford, the observatory moved to South Africa in 1939. Eventually that site, in Pretoria, also became untenable and the facility was combined with others into the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) in the 1970s.
The building is now used by Green Templeton College off the Woodstock Road and is a centrepiece of the college.[4] The original instruments are now in the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, except for the Radcliffe 18/24-inch Twin Refractor telescope, which was transferred to the University of London Observatory.
The following have been Radcliffe Observers:[citation needed]
- 1839 Manuel John Johnson
- 1860 Robert Main
- 1879 Edward James Stone
- 1897 Arthur Alcock Rambaut
- 1924 Harold Knox-Shaw
- 1950 David Thackeray
- Observatory Street to the north
- Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, a local development project
- Tower of the Winds
- Hibbert, Christopher, ed. (1988). "Radcliffe Observatory". The Encyclopaedia of Oxford. Macmillan. pp. 353–354. ISBN 0-333-39917-X.
- "Radcliffe Observatory, Pretoria". Nature. 142 (3592): 424–425. 1938. Bibcode:1938Natur.142S.424.. doi:10.1038/142424c0. ISSN 0028-0836.
- "The Radcliffe Observatory". Green Templeton College.
- Sherwood, Jennifer; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1974). Oxfordshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 271–272. ISBN 0-14-071045-0.
- Tyack, Geoffrey (1998). Oxford An Architectural Guide. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–185. ISBN 0-19-817423-3.
- Tyack, Geoffrey (2000). "The making of the Radcliffe Observatory" (PDF). The Georgian Group Journal. X.
Media related to Radcliffe Observatory at Wikimedia Commons
