Radeon_R700
Radeon HD 4000 series
Series of video cards
The Radeon R700 is the engineering codename for a graphics processing unit series developed by Advanced Micro Devices under the ATI brand name. The foundation chip, codenamed RV770, was announced and demonstrated on June 16, 2008 as part of the FireStream 9250 and Cinema 2.0 initiative launch media event,[5] with official release of the Radeon HD 4800 series on June 25, 2008. Other variants include enthusiast-oriented RV790, mainstream product RV730, RV740 and entry-level RV710.
 |
| Release date | June 16, 2008; 15 years ago (June 16, 2008) |
|---|---|
| Codename | Radeon R700 series M9x series |
| Architecture | TeraScale 1 |
| Transistors |
|
| Cards | |
| Entry-level | 4350, 4550, 4570 |
| Mid-range | 4650, 4670, 4730, 4750, 4770 |
| High-end | 4830, 4850, 4860, 4870 |
| Enthusiast | 4890, 4850X2, 4870X2 |
| API support | |
| DirectX | Direct3D 10.1[1] Shader Model 4.1 |
| OpenCL | OpenCL 1.1[2] |
| OpenGL | OpenGL 3.3[3][4] |
| History | |
| Predecessor | Radeon HD 3000 series |
| Successor | Radeon HD 5000 series |
| Support status | |
| Unsupported | |
Its direct competition was nVidia's GeForce 200 series, which launched in the same month.
This article is about all products under the brand "Radeon HD 4000 Series". All products implement TeraScale 1 microarchitecture.
Execution units
The RV770 extends the R600's unified shader architecture by increasing the stream processing unit count to 800 units (up from 320 units in the R600), which are grouped into 10 SIMD cores composed of 16 shader cores containing 4 FP MADD/DP ALUs and 1 MADD/transcendental ALU. The RV770 retains the R600's 4 Quad ROP cluster count, however, they are faster and now have dedicated hardware-based AA resolve in addition to the shader-based resolve of the R600 architecture. The RV770 also has 10 texture units, each of which can handle 4 addresses, 16 FP32 samples, and 4 FP32 filtering functions per clock cycle.[6]
Memory and internal buses
RV770 features a 256-bit memory controller and is the first GPU to support GDDR5 memory, which runs at 900 MHz giving an effective transfer rate of 3.6 GHz and memory bandwidth of up to 115 GB/s. The internal ring bus from the R520 and R600 has been replaced by the combination of a crossbar and an internal hub.[7]
Video acceleration
The SIP block UVD 2.0-2.2 implemented on the dies of all Radeon HD 4000 Series Desktop gpus, 48xx series is using uvd 2.0, 47xx-46xx-45xx-43xx series is using uvd 2.2.
Support is available for Microsoft Windows at release, for Linux with Catalyst 8.10. The free and open-source driver requires Linux kernel 3.10 in combination with Mesa 9.1 (exposed via the widely adopted VDPAU)[8]), offering full hardware MPEG-2, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and VC-1 decoding and the support for dual video streams, the Advanced Video Processor (AVP) also saw an upgrade with DVD upscaling capability and dynamic contrast feature. The RV770 series GPU also supports xvYCC color space output and 7.1 surround sound output (LPCM, AC3, DTS) over HDMI. The RV770 GPU also supports an Accelerated Video Transcoding (AVT) feature, which has video transcoding functions being assisted by the GPU, through stream processing.
GPU interconnect enhancements
This generation of dual-GPU design retains the use of a PCI Express bridge, PLX PEX 8647 with a power dissipation of 3.8 watts inclusive of PCI Express 2.0 support, allowing two GPUs on the same PCI Express slot with doubled bandwidth over the past generation of product (Radeon HD 3870 X2). Subsequent generations of dual-GPU design also feature an interconnect for inter-GPU communications through the implementation of a CrossFire X SidePort on each GPU, giving extra 5 GB/s full-duplex inter-GPU bandwidth. These two features increase total bandwidth for dual-GPU designs to 21.8 GB/s.
OpenCL (API)
OpenCL accelerates many scientific Software Packages against CPU up to factor 10 or 100 and more. Open CL 1.0 to 1.1 are supported for all Chips with RV7xx.[9]
Radeon HD 4800
The Radeon HD 4850 was announced on June 19, 2008 while the Radeon HD 4870 was announced on June 25, 2008. They are both based on the RV770 GPU, packing 956 million transistors and being produced on a 55 nm process. The Radeon HD 4850 currently uses GDDR3 memory, while the Radeon HD 4870 uses GDDR5 memory.
Another variant, the Radeon HD 4830 was updated on October 23, 2008, featuring the RV770 LE GPU with a 256-bit GDDR3 memory interface, and 640 shader processors. Basically the RV770 LE is a RV770 with some functional units disabled.
Dual GPU products using two RV770 GPUs, codenamed R700, were also announced. One product named Radeon HD 4870 X2, featuring 2×1GB GDDR5 memory, was released on August 12, 2008, while another dual-GPU product, the Radeon HD 4850 X2, with GDDR3 memory and lower clock speeds, is also available.
A minor update was introduced on April 2, 2009 with the launch of Radeon HD 4890 graphics cards based on the RV790 GPU. Featuring an improved design with decoupling capacitors to reduce signal noise,[10] altered ASIC power distribution and re-timed the whole GPU chip, which resulted in a slight increase in die size but overall much better stability at high clock rates and a higher default clock. On August 18, 2009, AMD released a stripped down variant of the RV790 GPU called the RV790GT that is used by the Radeon HD 4860 which is now available in all markets.
Radeon HD 4700
The Radeon HD 4700 series was announced on April 28, 2009. The Radeon HD 4770, is based on the RV740 GPU, packs 826 million transistors and being produced on the latest 40 nm process. The Radeon HD 4730 was introduced June 8, 2009, unlike the RV740 based Radeon HD 4770, the 4730 is a stripped down 55 nm RV770 GPU, named the RV770CE. The 4730 packs 956 million transistors, and uses GDDR5 memory on a 128-bit bus. On September 9, 2009, the RV740PRO based Radeon HD 4750 was released exclusively to the Chinese market. The Radeon HD 4750 is based on the 40 nm RV740 of the Radeon HD 4770 but features a lower clock speed and the absence of a six-pin auxiliary power input.
Radeon HD 4600
The Radeon HD 4600 series was announced on September 10, 2008. All variants are based on the RV730 GPU, packing 514 million transistors and being produced on a 55 nm process. The PCIe version 4600 series products do not require external power connectors.[11][12][13][14] More recently, an AGP version of the 4670 has been released. This does require an external power connector. As of March 2018, this elusive AGP card remains among the last cards using the aging bus.
Radeon HD 4300/HD 4500
The Radeon HD 4350 and Radeon HD 4550 were announced on September 30, 2008, both based on the RV710 GPU, packing 242 million transistors and being produced on a 55 nm process. Both products use either GDDR3, DDR3 or DDR2 video memory. AMD states these two products have maximum of 20 W and 25 W of power consumption under full load, respectively.[15]
Desktop Products
| Model4 | Launch | Code name | Fab (nm) | Transistors (million) | Die size (mm2) | Bus interface | Clock rate | Core config1 | Fillrate | Memory2 | Processing power (GFLOPS) |
TDP3 (Watts) | Crossfire support | API support (version) | Release Price (USD) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core (MHz) | Memory (MHz) | Pixel (GP/s) | Texture (GT/s) | Size (MB) | Bandwidth (GB/s) | Bus type | Bus width (bit) | Single precision | Double precision | Idle | Max. | Direct3D | OpenGL | OpenCL | ||||||||||
| Radeon HD 4350 | Sep 30, 2008 | RV710 | 55 | 242 | 73 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 PCIe 2.0 ×1 AGP 8× |
600 | 400 650 |
80:8:4 | 2.40 | 4.80 | 256 512 1024 |
6.40 10.4 |
DDR2 DDR3 |
64 | 92.0 | No | 20 | No | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | ? | |
| Radeon HD 4550 | Sep 30, 2008 | RV710 | 55 | 242 | 73 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 600 600 |
655 800 |
80:8:4 | 2.40 | 4.80 | 256 512 1024 |
10.5 12.8 |
DDR2 GDDR3 |
64 | 96.0 | No | 25 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | ? | ||
| Radeon HD 4570 | Nov 25, 2008 | RV710 | 55 | 242 | 73 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 650 | 500 | 80:8:4 | 2.60 | 5.20 | 1024 | 8.00 | DDR2 | 64 | 104.0 | No | 25 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | ? | ||
| Radeon HD 4580 | Nov 20, 2011 | RV635 PRO | 55 | 378 | 135 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 796 | 693 | 120:8:4 | 3.18 | 6.37 | 512 | 22.2 | GDDR3 | 128 | 191.0 | No | 65 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | ? | ||
| Radeon HD 4650 | Sep 10, 2008 | RV730 PRO | 55 | 514 | 146 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 AGP 8× |
600 650 |
400 - 500 500 700 |
320:32:8 | 4.80 5.20 |
19.2 20.8 |
256 512 1024 |
12.8 - 16.0 16.0 22.4 |
DDR2 GDDR3 GDDR4 |
64 128 |
384.0 416.0 |
No | 48 | 2-Way Crossfire | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | ? | |
| Radeon HD 4670 | Sep 10, 2008 | RV730 XT | 55 | 514 | 146 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 AGP 8× |
750 750 |
400 - 500 900 1000 |
320:32:8 | 6.00 | 24.0 | 512 1024 |
12.8 - 16.0 28.8 32.0 |
DDR2 GDDR3 GDDR4 |
128 | 480.0 | No | 59 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 79 | ||
| Radeon HD 4730 | Jun 8, 2009 | RV770 CE | 55 | 956 | 256 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 700 750 |
900 900 |
640:32:8 | 5.60 6.00 |
22.4 24.0 |
512 | 57.6 | GDDR5 | 128 | 896.0 960.0 |
179.2 192.0 |
110 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | ? | ||
| Radeon HD 4750 | Sep 9, 2009 | RV740 | 40 | 826 | 137 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 730 | 800 | 640:32:16 | 11.7 | 23.4 | 512 | 51.2 | GDDR5 | 128 | 934.4 | 80 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | ? | |||
| Radeon HD 4770 | Apr 28, 2009 | RV740 | 40 | 826 | 137 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 750 | 800 | 640:32:16 | 12.0 | 24.0 | 512 | 51.2 | GDDR5 | 128 | 960.0 | 192.0 | 80 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 109 | ||
| Radeon HD 4810 | May 28, 2009 | RV770 CE | 55 | 956 | 256 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 625 750 |
900 900 |
640:32:8 | 5.00 6.00 |
20.0 24.0 |
512 | 57.6 | GDDR5 | 128 | 800.0 960.0 |
160.0 192.0 |
95 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | ? | ||
| Radeon HD 4830 | Oct 21, 2008 | RV770 LE | 55 | 956 | 256 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 575 | 900 | 640:32:16 | 9.20 | 18.4 | 512 1024 |
57.6 | GDDR3 GDDR4 |
256 | 736.0 | 147.2 | 95 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | $130 | ||
| Radeon HD 4850 | Jun 25, 2008 | RV770 PRO | 55 | 956 | 256 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 625 | 993 | 800:40:16 | 10.0 | 25.0 | 512 1024 2048 |
63.55 | GDDR3 GDDR4 GDDR5 |
256 | 1000 | 200.0 | 110 | 4-Way Crossfire | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 199
(149) | |
| Radeon HD 4860 | Sep 9, 2009 | RV790 GT | 55 | 959 | 282 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 700 | 750 | 640:32:16 | 11.2 | 22.4 | 512 1024 |
96 | GDDR5 | 256 | 896.0 | 179.2 | 130 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | ? | ||
| Radeon HD 4870 | Jun 25, 2008 | RV770 XT | 55 | 956 | 256 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 750 | 900 | 800:40:16 | 12.0 | 30.0 | 512 1024 2048 |
115.2 | GDDR5 | 256 | 1200 | 240.0 | 150 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 299
(225) | ||
| Radeon HD 4890 | Apr 2, 2009 | RV790 XT | 55 | 959 | 282 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 850 | 975 | 800:40:16 | 13.6 | 34.0 | 1024 2048 |
124.8 | GDDR5 | 256 | 1360 | 272.0 | 190 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 249 | ||
| Radeon HD 4850 X2 | Nov 7, 2008 | R700 (2xRV770 PRO) | 55 | 956×2 | 256×2 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 625 | 995 | 800:40:16×2 | 10.0×2 | 25.0×2 | 512×2 1024×2 |
63.7×2 | GDDR3 | 256x2 | 2000 | 400.0 | 250 | 2-Way Crossfire | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 339 | |
| Radeon HD 4870 X2 | Aug 12, 2008 | R700 (2xRV770 XT) | 55 | 956×2 | 256×2 | PCIe 2.0 ×16 | 750 | 900 | 800:40:16×2 | 12×2 | 30×2 | 1024×2 | 115.2×2 | GDDR5 | 256x2 | 2400 | 480.0 | 286 | 10.1 | 3.3 | 1.0 | 449 | ||
| Model4 | Launch | Code name | Fab (nm) | Transistors (million) | Die size (mm2) | Bus interface | Clock rate | Core config1 | Fillrate | Memory2 | Processing power (GFLOPS) |
TDP3 (Watts) | Crossfire Support | API support (version) | Release Price (USD) | |||||||||
| Core (MHz) | Memory (MHz) | Pixel (GP/s) | Texture (GT/s) | Size (MB) | Bandwidth (GB/s) | Bus type | Bus width (bit) | Single precision | Double precision | Idle | Max. | Direct3D | OpenGL | OpenCL | ||||||||||
1 Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units
2 The effective data transfer rate of GDDR5 is quadruple its nominal clock, instead of double as it is with other DDR memory.
3 The TDP is reference design TDP values from AMD. Different non-reference board designs from vendors may lead to slight variations in actual TDP.
4 All models feature UVD2 & PowerPlay.
IGP (HD 4000)
- All Radeon HD 4000 IGP models include Direct3D 10.1 and OpenGL 2.0[16]
| Model | Launch | Code name | Graphics core | Fab (nm) | Transistors (million) | Die size (mm2) | Bus interface | Core clock2 (MHz) | Core config1 | Fillrate | Memory3 | Processing power (GFLOPS) |
Features / Notes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pixel (GP/s) | Texture (GT/s) | FP32 (GP/s) | Size (MB) | Bandwidth (GB/s) | Bus type | Effective clock (MHz) | Bus width (bit) | ||||||||||||
| Radeon HD 4200 Graphics (785G Chipset) | Aug 2009 | RS880 | RV620 | 55 | >205 | ~73 (~9 × 8.05) | HT 3.0 | 500 | 40:4:4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | Up to 512 system + optional 128 sideport | 20.8 (system) + 2.6 (sideport) | HT (system) + DDR2-1066 DDR3-1333 (sideport) | 1333 (sideport) | 16 (sideport) | 40 | UVD2 |
| Radeon HD 4250 Graphics (880G Chipset) | Mar 2010 | RS880 | 560 | 2.24 | 2.24 | 1.12 | HT (system) + DDR3-1333 (sideport) | 44.8 | |||||||||||
| Radeon HD 4290 Graphics (890GX Chipset) | RS880D | 700 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 1.4 | Up to 512 system + 128 sideport | 56 | ||||||||||||
1 Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units
2 The clock frequencies may vary in different usage scenarios, as ATI PowerPlay technology is implemented. The clock frequencies listed here refer to the officially announced clock specifications.
3 The sideport is a dedicated memory bus. It preferably used for frame buffer.
The following table shows features of AMD/ATI's GPUs (see also: List of AMD graphics processing units).
| Name of GPU series | Wonder | Mach | 3D Rage | Rage Pro | Rage 128 | R100 | R200 | R300 | R400 | R500 | R600 | RV670 | R700 | Evergreen | Northern Islands |
Southern Islands |
Sea Islands |
Volcanic Islands |
Arctic Islands/Polaris |
Vega | Navi 1x | Navi 2x | Navi 3x | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Released | 1986 | 1991 | Apr 1996 |
Mar 1997 |
Aug 1998 |
Apr 2000 |
Aug 2001 |
Sep 2002 |
May 2004 |
Oct 2005 |
May 2007 |
Nov 2007 |
Jun 2008 |
Sep 2009 |
Oct 2010 |
Jan 2012 |
Sep 2013 |
Jun 2015 |
Jun 2016, Apr 2017, Aug 2019 | Jun 2017, Feb 2019 | Jul 2019 |
Nov 2020 |
Dec 2022 | |||
| Marketing Name | Wonder | Mach | 3D Rage |
Rage Pro |
Rage 128 |
Radeon 7000 |
Radeon 8000 |
Radeon 9000 |
Radeon X700/X800 |
Radeon X1000 |
Radeon HD 2000 |
Radeon HD 3000 |
Radeon HD 4000 |
Radeon HD 5000 |
Radeon HD 6000 |
Radeon HD 7000 |
Radeon 200 |
Radeon 300 |
Radeon 400/500/600 |
Radeon RX Vega, Radeon VII |
Radeon RX 5000 |
Radeon RX 6000 |
Radeon RX 7000 | |||
| AMD support |  |
 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kind | 2D | 3D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Instruction set architecture | Not publicly known | TeraScale instruction set | GCN instruction set | RDNA instruction set | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microarchitecture | TeraScale 1 (VLIW) |
TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) |
|
GCN 1st gen |
GCN 2nd gen |
GCN 3rd gen |
GCN 4th gen |
GCN 5th gen |
RDNA | RDNA 2 | RDNA 3 | |||||||||||||||
| Type | Fixed pipeline[lower-alpha 1] | Programmable pixel & vertex pipelines | Unified shader model | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct3D | — | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.1 | 9.0 11 (9_2) |
9.0b 11 (9_2) |
9.0c 11 (9_3) |
10.0 11 (10_0) |
10.1 11 (10_1) |
11 (11_0) | 11 (11_1) 12 (11_1) |
11 (12_0) 12 (12_0) |
11 (12_1) 12 (12_1) |
11 (12_1) 12 (12_2) | |||||||||||
| Shader model | — | 1.4 | 2.0+ | 2.0b | 3.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 6.5 |
6.7 | |||||||||||||||
| OpenGL | — | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 2.1[lower-alpha 2][19] | 3.3 | 4.5 (on Linux: 4.5 (Mesa 3D 21.0))[20][21][22][lower-alpha 3] | 4.6 (on Linux: 4.6 (Mesa 3D 20.0)) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Vulkan | — | 1.0 (Win 7+ or Mesa 17+) |
1.2 (Adrenalin 20.1.2, Linux Mesa 3D 20.0) 1.3 (GCN 4 and above (with Adrenalin 22.1.2, Mesa 22.0)) |
1.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| OpenCL | — | Close to Metal | 1.1 (no Mesa 3D support) | 1.2+ (on Linux: 1.1+ (no Image support on clover, with by rustiCL) with Mesa 3D, 1.2+ on GCN 1.Gen) | 2.0+ (Adrenalin driver on Win7+) (on Linux ROCM, Linux Mesa 3D 1.2+ (no Image support in clover, but in rustiCL with Mesa 3D, 2.0+ and 3.0 with AMD drivers or AMD ROCm), 5th gen: 2.2 win 10+ and Linux RocM 5.0+ |
2.2+ and 3.0 windows 8.1+ and Linux ROCM 5.0+ (Mesa 3D rustiCL 1.2+ and 3.0 (2.1+ and 2.2+ wip))[23][24][25] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| HSA / ROCm | — | |
? | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Video decoding ASIC | — | Avivo/UVD | UVD+ | UVD 2 | UVD 2.2 | UVD 3 | UVD 4 | UVD 4.2 | UVD 5.0 or 6.0 | UVD 6.3 | UVD 7 [26][lower-alpha 4] | VCN 2.0 [26][lower-alpha 4] | VCN 3.0 [27] | VCN 4.0 | ||||||||||||
| Video encoding ASIC | — | VCE 1.0 | VCE 2.0 | VCE 3.0 or 3.1 | VCE 3.4 | VCE 4.0 [26][lower-alpha 4] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fluid Motion [lower-alpha 5] | |
|
|
? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Power saving | ? | PowerPlay | PowerTune | PowerTune & ZeroCore Power | ? | |||||||||||||||||||||
| TrueAudio | — | Via dedicated DSP | Via shaders | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| FreeSync | — | 1 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HDCP[lower-alpha 6] | ? | 1.4 | 2.2 | 2.3 [28] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| PlayReady[lower-alpha 6] | — | 3.0 | |
3.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported displays[lower-alpha 7] | 1–2 | 2 | 2–6 | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Max. resolution | ? | 2–6 × 2560×1600 |
2–6 × 4096×2160 @ 30 Hz |
2–6 × 5120×2880 @ 60 Hz |
3 × 7680×4320 @ 60 Hz [29] |
7680×4320 @ 60 Hz PowerColor |
7680x4320
@165 HZ | |||||||||||||||||||
/drm/radeon[lower-alpha 8] |
|
— | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
/drm/amdgpu[lower-alpha 8] |
— | Experimental [30] | Optional [31] | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
- The Radeon 100 Series has programmable pixel shaders, but do not fully comply with DirectX 8 or Pixel Shader 1.0. See article on R100's pixel shaders.
- The UVD and VCE were replaced by the Video Core Next (VCN) ASIC in the Raven Ridge APU implementation of Vega.
- More displays may be supported with native DisplayPort connections, or splitting the maximum resolution between multiple monitors with active converters.
- DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. AMDgpu is the Linux kernel module. Support in this table refers to the most current version.
AMD's proprietary graphics device driver "Catalyst"
AMD Catalyst is being developed for Microsoft Windows and Linux. As of July 2014, other operating systems are not officially supported. This may be different for the AMD FirePro brand, which is based on identical hardware but features OpenGL-certified graphics device drivers.
AMD Catalyst supports all features advertised for the Radeon brand.
The Radeon HD 4000 series has been transitioned to legacy support, where drivers will be updated only to fix bugs instead of being optimized for new applications.[32]
Free and open-source graphics device driver "Radeon"
The free and open-source drivers are primarily developed on Linux and for Linux, but have been ported to other operating systems as well. Each driver is composed out of five parts:
- Linux kernel component DRM
- Linux kernel component KMS driver: basically the device driver for the display controller
- user-space component libDRM
- user-space component in Mesa 3D
- a special and distinct 2D graphics device driver for X.Org Server, which is finally about to be replaced by Glamor
The free and open-source "Radeon" graphics driver supports most of the features implemented into the Radeon line of GPUs.[33]
The free and open-source "Radeon" graphics device drivers are not reverse engineered, but based on documentation released by AMD.[34]
- "Driver Support for AMD Radeon HD 4000, HD 3000, HD 2000 and older Series". AMD. Retrieved 2018-04-21.
- "Mesamatrix". mesamatrix.net. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
- "RadeonFeature". X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
- Anand Lal Shimpi & Derek Wilson (June 25, 2008). "The Radeon HD 4870 & 4850: AMD Wins at $199 and $299". AnandTech.
- "The Khronos Group". 4 June 2022.
- Jansen Ng (April 2, 2009). "ATI Launches Radeon HD 4890; Over 50,000 Already Shipped". DailyTech.
- Advanced Micro Devices - ATI Radeon HD 4600 Series – Overview Archived 2009-03-18 at the Wayback Machine
- Radeon HD 4350 Graphics Technology - Overview Archived 2008-10-03 at the Wayback Machine and Radeon HD 4550 Graphics Technology - Overview Archived 2008-10-03 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved October 3, 2008
- "AMD RS880 Databook" (PDF).
- "AMD Radeon HD 6900 (AMD Cayman) series graphics cards". HWlab. hw-lab.com. December 19, 2010. Archived from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 23, 2022.
New VLIW4 architecture of stream processors allowed to save area of each SIMD by 10%, while performing the same compared to previous VLIW5 architecture
- "GPU Specs Database". TechPowerUp. Retrieved August 23, 2022.
- "NPOT Texture (OpenGL Wiki)". Khronos Group. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
- "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition Beta". AMD. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
- "Mesamatrix". mesamatrix.net. Retrieved 2018-04-22.
- "RadeonFeature". X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
- "AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT Specs". TechPowerUp. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
- "AMD Launches The Radeon PRO W7500/W7600 RDNA3 GPUs". Phoronix. 3 August 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
- "AMD Radeon Pro 5600M Grafikkarte". TopCPU.net (in German). Retrieved 4 September 2023.
- Killian, Zak (March 22, 2017). "AMD publishes patches for Vega support on Linux". Tech Report. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
- Larabel, Michael (September 15, 2020). "AMD Radeon Navi 2 / VCN 3.0 Supports AV1 Video Decoding". Phoronix. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
- Edmonds, Rich (February 4, 2022). "ASUS Dual RX 6600 GPU review: Rock-solid 1080p gaming with impressive thermals". Windows Central. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
- "Radeon's next-generation Vega architecture" (PDF). Radeon Technologies Group (AMD). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
- Larabel, Michael (December 7, 2016). "The Best Features of the Linux 4.9 Kernel". Phoronix. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
- "RadeonFeature". Xorg.freedesktop.org. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
- "AMD Developer Guides". Archived from the original on 2013-07-16.
- ATI Radeon HD 4000 Series: Desktop, Mobile
- techPowerUp! GPU Database